Category: Language

  • Write history with K1000 note

    Author : Tekkatho Moe War

    Translation : Hla Min

    This morning “AMAY” [my beloved mother-in-law who I fondly address as mother] nearly slipped and fell while stepping out of her bedroom. To regain balance, she tried to reach and hold the cabinet beside her bed as support. In the process, she accidentally hit and broke the glass of the cabinet. When AMAY came out of the room, I immediately held her hand and examined for bruises and cuts. Fortunately, there was none and I was relieved.

    These days I hear about several accidents due to carelessness and loss of attention for a short while. The other day, a friend was walking in front of his house and noticed some ongoing repair work for the drain. He tried to avoid hitting the repair area, but slipped and fell into the drain. Luckily, he escaped disaster with a few scratches on his hand.

    In a village in Thone Gwa Township, an electrical accident occurred. A person was bathing in front of his house when he touched a wire connected to the water pump. He had a shock and fainted, and eventually passed away.

    This nation has seen numerous lives being lost by “electrocution”. The main cause is poverty. If someone retorted with “What’s the connection?”, I will present hard facts. Use of outdated and dangerous electrical appliances to this very day, reliance on low-quality and obsolete electrical systems and standards, and lack of knowledge and basic education of the users contribute to the accidents and often loss of lives. Broken power lines also have caused deaths by striking people in the way.

    Accidents happen daily and in numbers, so it is somewhat miraculous for AMAY not to be injured by broken glass.

    AMAY is really not that old. She is one year away from celebrating her 100th birthday.

    She can walk, but needs someone to assist her. She likes to frequent her bedroom by herself. So we have to watch her movements closely. After she is helped to sit at the dinner table, she does not need further assistance. She eagerly reads the newspapers and journals (ahead of me) and has interest in the latest news. Due to a slight eyesight problem, she cannot read the fine print. She reads aloud the headlines and the large print. One can say that AMAY is well informed and that she stays abreast of the changing times.

    Since I displayed special attention of her hand, AMAY took a thousand Kyat note from her pocket and gave me as a reward. She added, “Spend as you wish”. I gave a lightweight smile.

    After AMAY had her lunch, we had a general conversation. I mentioned that there have been two car thefts in Kamayut and Hlaing lately, and that some poor people might have to steal to survive. AMAY replied, “The government is responsible. High officials also steal, isn’t it? [May be not directly.] Their subordinates steal and …”

    “AMAY. Making car owners sad and tearful is definitely not good. The case of the other thefts is somewhat different, AMAY.”

    “Now, look. A man from Dagon Seik Kan Township committed suicide by hanging. He is supposedly addicted to alcohol.” AMAY said.

    “Drinking has become a fashion and fad. What’s wrong with that?”

    “In our days, people stay away from alcohol. The other day, my nephew came to see me and told about Bama girls drinking beer (or similar) in the pub with the men. OMG.”

    “But, AMAY. It’s their KHIT (era).”

    “What KHIT? Why does the government allowing everyone to become drunkards? Does it not have laws to prohibit drinking?”

    I dare not continue the conversation. I decided to shut my mouth.

    “Sigh … sigh … So ruthless. Supposedly happened on THAN THU MA street. Near the fowl (hens, ducks) market. Every month, at least one patient (sick person) is disposed there. The families who left them could no longer take care of them. So ruthless. Have people lost their compassion?”

    I did not know what to say.

    AMAY who can keep abreast of the modern times. AMAY still possesses an active brain and acute reasoning.

    So, what was AMAY thinking when she, out of Metta and Cetana, rewarded me with a thousand Kyat note to buy and eat whatever I wish? In this case, I believe AMAY is unaware of the economics [high cost of living, inflation, poverty, …] of the present era. Her mind must have regressed several decades back to the good, old times. Si Chet [noodles] cost Nga Mu (50 pyas). Bei Oo Pauk Si [bun with meat and duck egg] cost Ta Mutt (25 pyas). A cup of tea Ta Mutt. Khauk Swel Kyaw [Fried noodles] cost Thone Mutt (75 pyas). And so on. AMAY might be thinking of the prices that we knew in our younger days.

    The [diminishing economic] status of our nation has been shown by the One Thousand Kyat Note that AMAY rewarded me. I would remark that the Note had written a piece of history [of our once golden land].

    Why worry? A plate of Khauk Swe Kyaw (Fried noodles) sells at Two Thousand Kyats. To please AMAY, I will order half a plate [to the surprise of the owner] and eat to my delight without showing any guilt or shame.

  • Kabyar Let Saung

    Poem Gift

    by Saya U Moe Aung (Tekkatho Moe War)

    String of attachment — then in its infancy
    grew beyond proportion — on her birthday
    to express my deepest feelings — while courting her
    I gave “Sho Whet The Pho” (Mystery/Thriller) Magazine
    as a birthday gift to my beloved.

    We shared our metta
    with true devotion

    I presented a golden ring
    to my yee-sar as a birthday gift.

    Hand in hand we entered the “married” land
    on her birthday past the Honeymoon
    I presented Goya fragrance as a birthday gift

    Traveling together
    Often facing dark nights
    Yonder looked thick and rough

    Goal seemed distant [and not straight]
    [Tired and] weary
    [Often] look but could not see

    Struggle just to keep alive
    Despite the challenges I feel
    I owe my beloved a nice birthday gift

    But …
    Precious jewels are out of reach
    I can only offer a gift from my heart

    Kabyar
    inexpensive — not meaning to underrate her love

    Will she accept as a priceless treasure?

    Translated by Hla Min (Ec 69)

  • Encyclopedia

    Early Encyclopedias

    “Chamber’s Cyclopaedia” was one of the earliest encyclopedias. It covered 40+ subjects.

    In our younger days, we had “Pear’s Soap” and “Pear’s Cyclopaedia”. The company was probably building its brand name by supporting the publication of an encyclopedia.

    Encyclopedia Britannica

    My uncle had a set of “Encyclopedia Britannica”. It covers many topics written by SME (Subject Matter Experts). Yearly supplements were published. The final supplement came out a couple of years ago. There will no longer be printed editions. There will only be on-line subscription.

    Wikipedia

    • Wikipedia is a collection of encyclopedias in multiple languages.
    • The English edition of the Wikipedia is the largest.
    • The accuracy of the Wikipedia is comparable to that of the “Encyclopedia” thanks to the countless volunteer contributors and editors.
    • I was a volunteer to correct discrepancies (mostly entries on Burmese/Myanmar). For example, a young author wrote that St. Paul’s High School was the first among the De La Salle Schools in Burma. He was unaware that St. Patrick’s High School in Mawlamyaing was the first (and was established a few months earlier than St. Paul’s).

    No Absolute Perfection

    There is a slight chance that there are errors in an encyclopedia (or an equivalent “book of knowledge”). One author was unaware that Rajiv Gandhi was the elder son of Indira Gandhi. He was a pilot and entered politics only when his younger brother Sanjay Gandhi (touted as Indira’s confidante and successor) died in a plane crash.

    Collaboration

    The advent of Internet and the rise of “Collaborative Work” have lowered the time and cost to maintain encyclopedias.

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    A few years back, I received a call to submit entries to “Encyclopedia of Asian American Folklore and Folklife”. I emailed to the editors that I was willing to help them on the Burmese section. They sent me four samples and asked me to send back one short article (not exceeding 500 words and with two or more references) on a chosen Head Word (e.g. Burmese American Festivals). They reviewed my article and accepted me. The remuneration was $10. I replied that I would like to have a copy of the 2-volume encyclopedia. A deal was struck. They would give me the encyclopedia if I submit at least 8 articles. Nine articles were accepted. Two articles were merged with the work of other authors. One author was a Burmese College Professor. Another was probably a graduate student, who inserted the wrong date for Martyr’s Day. The Editors promised to correct his error in another edition. I received a 3-volume encyclopedia (initially projected to be 2-volume) and an additional $10.

    Google Books

    • Some are not aware of “Google Books”.
    • If one goes to “Google Books” and search for my name, one can find the nine articles.

    Burmese Encyclopedia

    In my younger days, my parents bought me “Myanmar Swel Sone Kyan” (Burmese Encyclopedia).

    I heard that the “Myanmar Swel Sone Kyan” is under re-development with the help of SME (Subject Matter Experts).

  • Toastmaster

    Brief history

    First club founded at Santa Ana, California, USA in 1924.

    My journey to DTM

    Hla Min (DTM)
    • Every new member is provided a mentor.
    • I was fortunate to have a Double DTM as my mentor.
    • I completed both the Communication track and Leadership track to become a DTM.

    Communication track

    • CC (Competent Communicator)
    • ACB (Advanced Communicator Bronze)
    • ACS (Advanced Communicator Silver)
    • ACG (Advanced Communicator Gold)

    Leadership track

    • CL (Competent Leader)
    • ALB (Advanced Leader Bronze)
    • ALS (Advanced Leader Silver)

    DTM (Distinguished Toastmaster)

    Requirements include

    • Completion of speeches and projects, serving as an officer in club and beyond (area, division, district), mentor or club coach, and organizer of contests.
    • Advanced Communicator Gold
    • Advanced Leader Silver
    Hla Min

    Hall of Fame

    • Distinguished Toastmaster
    • Triple Crown
    • Leadership Excellence
    • Advanced Leader Silver
    Hall of Fame 1
    Hall of Fame 2
  • Poems & Translation

    Hla Min
    • Still So Young (Translation)
      “Nge Thay Loh” — Short story by Thu Kha (Author, Director, Actor)
      I received fifty kyats for the translation.
      U Thu Kha was given fifty kyats.
    • Men on the Moon (Poem)
      Honoring the Apollo 11 Mission in July 1969
      Mr. Hall (USIA) forwarded my poem to NASA.
    • Phaungdaw-u Festival (Poem)
      Thadinkyut Festival at Inlay Lake, Shan State
      Inlay is known for the floating islands and leg rowers.
      Inlay Khaung Daing Camp hosted Luyechuns.
    • The Great Gandhiji (Poem)
      Centennial of the Apostle of Non-violence
      Born Mohandas Gandhi, he was also called “Mahatma”
    • To The Fallen Warrior (Poem)
      Honoring the writers who fought for Burma’s Independence
    • Calendars (Concept)
      There are various Calendars.
      The Burmese Calendar is luni-solar, socio-religious calendar.
    • Sea Burial for Dr. Htay Lwin Nyo (Event)
      Part-time Professor of Electrical Engineering, San Jose State University passed away alone at his home.
      Per request from the Professor and Head of EE Department, the Burmese Community in the San Francisco Bay Area helped with the Final Journey.
      I had the honor to push the incinerator and also to join Dr. Swe Aye and Dr. Khin Nyo Thet to scatter the ashes in the waters off Santa Cruz.

    Still So Young (Translation)

    Still So Young

    Short story : “Nge Thay Loh”
    by Thu Kha

    Translation : “Still So Young”
    by Maung Hlaing Phyo (Hla Min)

    Publication : Modern Burmese Writings,
    Working People’s Daily

    Men On The Moon (Poem)

    Author : Hla Min

    Honoring the Apollo 11 Mission in July 1969

    Astronauts :
    Neil Armstrong (Mission Commander)
    Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin (Lunar Module Pilot)
    Michael Collins (Command Module Pilot)

    Landing :
    Tranquility Bay (on the Moon)

    Publication : Guardian Daily Newspaper

    Writing 107
    Men on the Moon

    Phaungdaw-u Festival (Poem)

    Author : Hla Min

    Thadinkyut Festival at Inlay Lake, Shan State

    Publication : Thadinkyut Supplement
    Working Peoples’ Daily

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    Phaungdaw-u
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    Poem about Phaungdaw-u Festival

    The Great Gandhiji (Poem)

    Author : Hla Min

    Centennial of the Apostle of Non-violence

    Publication : Working Peoples’ Daily
    October 1, 1969

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    Gandhi

    To The Fallen Warrior (Poem)

    Auhor : Hla Min

    In honor of the Sarsodaes / Writers who fought for Burma’s Independence

    Publication : Forward Magazine

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    To the Fallen Warrior

    Calendars (Concept)

    Article by Hla Min

    Publication : BAPS Newsletter

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    Article on Calendars

    Sea Burial for Dr. Htay Lwin Nyo (Event)

    Author : Hla Min

    Publications :

    BAPS Newsletter
    and
    RIT Alumni International Newsletter

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    Last Journey of Htay Lwin Nyo
  • Write your own history

    Nyunt Htay
    Poem
    Translation

    Collaborative work

    နိုင်ငံရေး စီးပွားရေး အတ္တဘီလူးများကို RIT ကျောင်းသားဟောင်းတစုက သနားကြင်နာစွာ သတိပေးလိုက်တဲ့ ကဗျာသရုပ်ဖေါ် တစ်ခုပါ။

    Here is a clear and kind reminder to “every politically and economically greedy giant-headed monster” from a group of alumni of Rangoon Institute of Technology, Myanmar.

    Poem : မောင်ညွန်ဌေး(အထက်မင်းလှ) Met73
    Maung Nyunt Htay (Upper Minhla) Met73

    Translation : Hla Min (EC69)

    Illustration : Myo Myint(M73) (aka) Artist Myat Myo Myint

    Coordinator : Aung Myaing (ChE72)

    Disciplines

    • Met Metallurgical
    • M Mechanical
    • EC Electrical Communication
    • ChE Chemical
  • Bloom Together Fall Together

    Poetic Art

    မြန်မာ့စိတ်ရင်းပြ ကဗျာပန်းချီ

    Here is another poetic art of a group of alumni of Rangoon Institute of Technology, Myanmar.

    It depicts the innate nature of Myanmar people.

    Collaborators

    • Organizer / Coordinator :
      Aung Myaing (ChE72)
    Aung Myaing
    • Idea :
      Khin Khin Gyi (C73)
    • Painting :
      Myo Myint (M73) (aka) Artist Myat Myo Myint
    Myat Myo Myint
    • Poet :
      Win Myint (M72)
    Win Myint
    • Translation :
      Hla Min (EC69)
    Hla Min

    C Civil, M Mechanical, EC Electrical Communication

    Kabyar

    by Win Myint

    Burmese poem

    Translation

    by Hla Min

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    Translation in English
  • Programming & Languages

    • There are many Programming Languages.
    • In the first conference on “History of Programming Languages”, thirteen languages were presented.
    • There are hundreds (and possibly thousands) of programming languages that have been proposed and/or implemented.
    • At a given time, there is a relatively small group of “preferred” programming languages.

    Background

    • In Computer Science and applications, a Programming Language is a language used to program (e.g. instruct) computers.
    • In the early days, computer engineers and selected programmers have to program in Machine Language (with strings of Zeroes and Ones). They are due partly to the choice of Binary Number System as the basis of designing Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) of the computer.
    • On the ICL 1902S computer, we often had to use the 24 keys to enter short pieces of Machine Code. That is history.
    • To bridge the human users and the computers, the next step was to use Assembly Languages such as
      (a) Simple/Symbolic Assembly Language
      (b) Macro Assembly Language.
    • An Assembler translates a program in Assembly Language into Machine Language instructions.
    • A Macro Processor translates Macros (a well-defined group of Assembly Language instructions) into Machine Language instructions.
    • The development of the first dozen (or so) programming languages can be found in the Proceedings of the first HOPL (History of Programming Languages) Conference.
    • Currently, there are thousands of programming languages (some for academic purposes) and a limited number used for production.

    Evolution of Programming Style

    • Procedural programming (e.g. telling the computer system what to do, emphasis on the “verbs”)
    • Non-procedural programming (e.g. telling the computer system what one wants)
    • Object Oriented programming (e.g. emphasis on the “nouns”)
    • Functional programming (e.g. based on “functions”)
    • Logic programming (e.g. based on “Horn logic” and similar logic systems)
    • Top down step wise development
    • Bottom up & Middle out techniques
    • AI programming

    Within each paradigm, there are several programming languages with known advantages and limitations.

    Theoretical Model

    Alan Mathias Turing presented a theoretical model called “Turing Machine”, which is primitive but has the computational power of modern computers.

    The ACM Turing Award (named in honor of Alan Turing) is considered the “Nobel Prize in Computing”.

    Alan Perlis, a pioneer Computer Scientist and Programming Language Designer, defined a “Turing Tar Pit, where everything is possible [to compute], but nothing is easy.”

    Alan Perlis was an early recipient of the ACM Turing Award.

  • Checkers, Chess and Go

    Checkers Program

    Arthur Samuel (IBM) was not a renowned Checkers player, but he developed a system (algorithm and data base) to play against human opponents (with rising level of competence). His program remembered “bad” moves and “good” moves. Over time, the program was able to beat a reasonably good Checkers player.

    It was one of the early projects for Artificial Intelligence (AI).

    Computer Chess

    Chess Programs

    Deep Blue was developed by IBM to compete against Gary Kasparov, World Champion in Chess.

    Chess has many more possible moves than Checkers, but IBM hired three Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) graduates who developed Deep Thought (Computer Chess Champion that outplayed other chess programs). One graduate designed and implemented a special chip capable of fast multi-level pruning. The other two, who are knowledgeable in Chess, helped with the software (e.g. database of games and strategies).

    Computer History Museum (CHM) had an exhibit on the evolution of Computer Chess and a panel discussion including AI experts and Computer Chess Pioneers.

    Go Programs

    The complexity of “Go” — which surpasses that of Chess — challenged AI researchers (e.g. Deep / Machine Learning) to develop “Go” systems capable of beating experienced human players.

  • Toastmasters

    Hla Min (DTM)
    Hla Min (Triple Crown winner)

    I joined Toastmasters International over a decade to hone my Public Speaking and Leadership skills.

    I completed DTM (Distinguished Toastmaster). I also volunteered as Club Ambassador.

    I was a member of five Toastmasters Clubs (not concurrently). Although all clubs follow the general guidelines, they tweak the meeting agenda.

    My last club was founded by Silicon Valley Entrepreneurs. It is special in one aspect. It holds a mini “Pitch Practice” on the first meeting of every month and a full Pitch Practice on the middle month of every quarter. One has to state the problem, solution, the differentiators and finally ask for cooperation or funding (as appropriate). All in two minutes or less.

    There were no Toastmasters clubs in Myanmar. There have been TEDx talks for three years or so.

    In our younger days, there was a Rotary Club which had a public speaking component.

    In a previous year, three women set the record by placing First, Second and Third in the “World Championship of Public Speaking”. It has been a decade since there was a woman Champion. The runner-up was from China. The winner and third place winner were from the USA.

    In the past few years, the winners were from Asia and the Middle East.

    Listening and evaluation are important in communications.