Rhyme (or Kar Yan ကာရန်) is an essential element of Poetry.
Outer Rhyme
In most English poems, the end of specific lines rhyme. Some Burmese will call them “Ah Pyin Kar Yan အပြင်ကာရန်”(Outer Rhyme).
Rhyming Patterns
A B A B (where the first and third lines rhyme & the second and fourth lines rhyme).
A B B A (where the first and fourth lines rhyme & the second and third lines rhyme).
Rhyming Dictionary
I received “The Rhyming Dictionary” for taking part in the Debate held by RIT English Association.
Sayas Des Rodgers, Sao Kan Gyi (GBNF) and U Khin were the judges.
I gave the book to my mentor Ashin Ananda (Laureate Poet).
Inner Rhyme
Most Burmese poems use the “Ah Twin Kar Yan အတွင်းကာရန်” (Inner Rhyme).
For example,
o o o x o o x o o x o o x o o y o o y o
…
The first rhyme (x) starts with the 4th position in the first line. It moves to the 3rd position in the second line, then to the 2nd position in the third line, and finally hits the 1st position in the fourth line.
A second rhyme (y) can be started in the line where the first rhyme ended.
Differences in Style
Mya Zin
Some poets have their opinions & preferences. They may not strictly follow the rhyming rules. A few tend to use rhymes sparsely or not at all claiming that rhythm and ideas are sufficient ingredients of a Kabyar (poem).
Dr. Nyunt Wai (Victor, SPHS63) wrote that moderate use of Kar Yan ကာရန် is acceptable, but excessive use of Kar Yan can transform a verse or poem into Ah Kar Ah Yan အကာ အရံ (secondary).
Spouse : Tekkatho Shwe Yi Win တက္ကသိုလ်ရွှေရည်ဝင်း
Children : Maung Maung Win (Mg Yit) & Mi Mi Win (Junior)
U Khin Maung Latt, Daw Khin Myo Chit & KMW
Dr. Khin Maung Win
Maths Saya
As an assistant of Saya Dr. Chit Swe, I worked with several Maths Saya.
Dr. Khin Maung Win wrote about Maths Curriculum in France for the “High School Maths” project.
After retirement, he published books on Maths, Education & Vipassana (Insight Meditation).
Vipassana
His parents were friends and devotees of KabaAye Sunlun Sayadaw U Vinaya. They hosted Meditation retreats in their compound.
During my visit to Yangon in January and February 2018, I met Saya at Kaba Aye Sunlun Gu Kyaung.
Mi Mi Win (Junior Win) gave me two of her books (one in English, and another in Myanmar) that she wrote to celebrate the Centennial of her paternal grand parents : U Khin Mg Latt (English saya at Rangoon University & Private Tution, First Chief Editor of Working Peoples’ Daily) and Daw Khin Myo Chit (Award winning author).
Junior Win took a year to write the book for the Centennial of her grandparents in 2015. Her mother Tekkatho Shwe Yi Win helped with the indexing. Her brother Maung Yit helped with photos and cartoons.
Good & Sad news
The book won a prize from Tun Foundation. Sadly, Shwe Yi Win passed away before the prize presentation.
Ko Soe Myint (M72, UCC), who appeared healthy, passed away unexpectedly at 3AM about one and a half months following his elder sister’s demise.
Life sometimes presents people with both good and sad news.
Updates
Mg Yit is co-founder of Moemaka. He helped publish several books & e-books (including those for his Twin sister).
Saya is now GBNF. I received his book on Sunlun Vipassana.
Men On The Moon In honor of Apollo 11 mission in July 1969
The Apostle of Non-violence For the Centennial of Mahatma Gandhi
To The Fallen Warrior Scholars who fought for Burma’s Independence
The Ngapali Beach Vacation with friends Vacation with family Guest lecturer at Shwe Wah Gyaing Luyechun Camp in 1988
The Phaungdaw-u Festival Inlay Khaung Daing Luyechun Camp in `1964 Vacation with friends Vacation with family
SAYA PUZAW PWE Written for the First RIT Grand Reunion and Saya Pu Zaw Pwe in San Francisco in October 2000
HTAY LWIN NYO Written for an alumnus of RIT and UCC who passed away unexpectedly in San Jose, California
Men On The Moon by Hla Min
The Eagle made a soft descent And perfect rendezvous Does not the module represent A fantasy come true
To travel through that cold void space To have that faith in science To face death squarely in the face Yes, man acted with defiance
Man set foot on an alien world In July Sixty Nine That small step from the bravest man Was a giant leap for mankind
The walk in one sixth gravity Rock samples from the moon Three men who spoke with brevity For science what a boon
No event can ever equal That sublime unique mission The Apollo’s triumph will make the people Extend their own vision
Are we not brothers here on earth So let us all unit There will be heaven here on earth If we all cease to fight
The Apostle Of Non-violence By Hla Min
A man of true principle With spirit invincible He sacrificed his pleasures Faith and freedom were his treasures
No arms did he carry No threats made him tarry No torture or prison Could change his decision
He led all protests Despite threats and arrests All races and creeds Revered his deed
He could not see his dreams come true The whole world grieves his loss too Though he cared not for fame His name will indeed remain In history, O Great Gandhiji
To The Fallen Warrior By Hla Min
You fought your foes not with your bows But with a mighty pen You sang a song and made us long To free this sacred land
“Look at the colonialist tyrants They’ve made a living hell Let’s drive these murderous giants Brothers, fight and rebel
If you have faith in the Lone Star Against the red background I say Independence will not be too far” Why your advice was too sound
But you died somewhere on duty Before Burma blossomed in dawn So you could not share the real beauty Of freedom now that you’re gone
The Ngapali Beach By Hla Min
The intriguing splendor of the East Where the soft wind melts your heart Where lavish nature gives you a feast And a truly cool refreshing bath
Mountainous tides roll in like thunder Then lie helpless on the shore Fishing boats rush out all set to plunder The ocean’s unending store
To sit under a shady palm To drink a cup of juicy milk To see the raging waters turn Into undulating silk
A variety of multi-colored shells Lay on the fine grain sand No place on earth can match the spell Of this enchanted strand
The luring dragons bid you “Welcome” To this real paradise There’s lots of fun, excitement, beauty What’s more there left to advertise?
The Phaungdaw-u Festival By Hla Min
Phaungdaw-u, oh Burma’s grandeur Can truly make our hearts sublime Its mystic charm and rhyme-less splendor Have firmly stood the test of time
It lies deep in the heart of people It gives them courage and inspiration No wonder this festival has no equal It promises joy and veneration
On board the Karaweik so scintillating Stood the four images of Lord Buddha For the Noble Truth are we vindicating? What lies deep under the completed tour?
But one statue was left behind Because in writings we do find That should it ever leave the shrine There will be thunder and storm Thus a happy reunion on the morn of the full moon of Thadinkyut
From floating islands the leg rowers came To take part in the race With their muscular frame, with might and main Their oars flashing at a rapid pace
Festivities last all night long Dances to the company of ozi and gong Oh, prayers that fill the cool evening air May loving kindness prevail everywhere
SAYA PUZAW PWE By Hla Min
Seems like it was only yesterday At our alma mater in a land far away You taught us to work, play, laugh, even cry And coaxed us, forced us to aim for the sky
Problems in real life, lab, computation, survey Understand concepts, design, display, … Zeal, zest, ardor, grit, passion to make it “our day” Architects, engineers, we’ve come here to say We honor your metta, your cetana — we fully can’t repay
Presently we meet, alum from five decades we greet With memories true, fond, sweet Ecstatic yet sad that the GBNF could not join this memorable fete
HTAY LWIN NYO By Hla Min
Tribute to Dr. HTAY LWIN NYO (ex-rit, ex-ucc) Part-time Professor, EE, SJSU (1951 July – 2000 April)
He was a genius, a researcher, a friend Teaching was his passion to the very end A jack of all trades, a doctorate of one You name it, he knows it! there’s a lot he has done
Long ago he gave away a patent for a dollar With a heart so big and true, real worthy of a scholar Invest, movie script, cook, paint, car repair, … Never showed off wealth and prizes; he’s a gem so rare
News of his death — alone at home — rocked throughout the land Young, old were shocked, but they all flocked to give a helping hand On this day in May of Y2K we pray from the bottom of our heart
“Htay Lwin Nyo, we’re proud to say that though you’ve passed away you’ve done a huge part to unite kindred spirits your legacy is here to stay.”
Less than 10% passed the Matric exam in the early days.
A few (e.g U Ba Khin who stood First in Burma) chose to work instead of attending RU.
It was an honor to prefix one’s name with Tekkatho တက္ကသိုလ် or University.
Khin Nyo wrote: Absolutely right. I think in 1957 only 2% Passed and the total is 20000. Even dancer AmarSein was conferred with the title Thekkatho Amar Sein by the Rector Dr Tha Hla.
Tekaktho Moe War (U Moe Aung)
U Moe Aung
Student Days
Matriculated from St. John’s Dio.
EC, RU Kalaung Ah Thin
RU Association
Editor, RUESU Annual Magazine for 1960 – 61
RUESU Magazine
RIT Days
Electrical Engineering Saya at RIT
EE SayasU Moe Aung & U Sein Maung
Chief Editor, RIT Annual Magazine
Editor, Hlyat Sit Sar Saung
Co-leader, Swel Daw Yeik Troupe (Ah Nyeint, Htee Yein, Ta Bin Daing Ah Ka) at RU Golden Jubilee in 1970
Singapore Days
Worked in Singapore
Chair, SPZP-2002 & SPZP-2010 (in Singapore)
Editor / Publisher, Swel Daw Yeik Sar Saung for SPZP-2002, SPZP-2007 & SPZP-2010
Organizer, Alumni Activities (e.g Thingyan)
Post Retirement
Moved back to Myanmar
Taught refresher courses (e.g. Electrical Saftey) at Electrical Inspectorate
Kept mind alert by writing poems & articles in weekly publications
Patron, SDYF; Composed & performed SDY Song
Entertainment for SPZP-2012 & SPZP-2016
Publications
Distinguished Writer, Poet, Editor & Publisher
Editor, RUESU Annual Magazine
Chief Editor, RIT Annual Magazine for more than a decade
Chief Editor, Hlyat Sit Sar Saung
Chief Editor, Swel Daw Yeik Sar Saung for SPZP-2002, SPZP-2007 & SPZP-2010 in Singapore
Chief Editor, Swel Daw Yeik Magazine for Shwe YaDu in 2014 & SPZP-2016 in Yangon
Kabyars — solo; with RIT poets; with former EC members of RU Kalaung Ah Thinn
Book 1Book 2Book 3Book 4
Books — Collection of articles; Collection of poem
The course in Burmese is available in CD and MP3 tapes.
The course is English is available as a 3-volume book.
Abhidhamma Course (in Burmese)
Abhidhamma (Burmese)
Sayadaw U Silananda gave a course at Dhammananda Vihara (then in Daly City) over several weekends.
Saya U Tin Maung Nyunt (M60) completed the course.
Some devotees converted the 26 tapes into MP3 format.
Ko Jeffrey (from Fremont) loaded them onto an MP3 player, and offered them as dhamma dana to students taking Abhidhamma courses.
Handbook of Abhidhamma Studies
Three Volumes by Venerable Sayadaw U Silananda
Transcription by Sarah E Marks
Abhidhamma (English)Back cover
Dr. Nandamalabhivamsa
Dr. Nandamalabhivamsa
He succeeded U Silanandabhivamsa as Rector of IMBTU
He taught Abhidhamma in Myanmar and beyond.
Fundamental Abhidhamma Part I was first taught in 1997 at Maryland, USA. The book was edited by Dr. Khin Maung U (First in Burma in the Matric exam of 1963). The second edition was published by the Center of Buddhist Studies (CBS), Sagaing Hills in 2005.
Fundamental Abhidhamma Part II was published by the Center of Buddhist Studies (CBS), Sagaing Hills in 2007.
Fundamental
Fundamental Abhidhamma
Part I
By Dr. Nandamalabhivamsa
First edition : June 1997
Editor : Dr. Khin Maung U
Myanmar-Buddhist Meditation Society, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
Second, extended edition : January 2005
revised : November 2005
Center for Buddhist Studies (CBS), Sagaing Hills, Sagaing, Myanmar
Contents
The History of Abhidhamma
(1) Why is it called Abhidhamma? (2) Who is the author? … (8) The role of Abhidhammattha sangaha (9) The role of Vibhavani (10) Ledi Sayadaw (11) Paramatthadipani, the critic of Vibhavani
Ashin Garudhamma teaches two courses at the monastery in Spady, Fremont.
One is Pali.
The other is Abdhidhamma.
Gary dhamma
Abhidamma Newsletter (1999)
Sayadaw U Silanandabhivamsa was Patron of Dhammachakka Meditation Center, Berkeley, C.A.
Abdhidhamma Newsletter was published by the Abhidhamma Study Group of DMC.
Abhidhamma Newsletter
Abhidhamma Newsletter Volume 1 Number 3 (April 1999) Adviser: Venerable U Silananda Editor: Maung Tin-Wa (Ph.D.) Editorial Board: James Cameron, U Aye Cho, Aung Khin (M.D.). Marc F. Lierberman (M.D.), Yan Naing Lwin (Ph.D.), Sarah E, Marks, Tin Than Myint (M.D.), Bach Dong Nhut, U Han Nyo, Phil Rohrer, Larry Rosenberg, Anna Spievogel (M.D., Ph.D.), Tin Myo Than (M.D.), Hla N. Tin (Ph.D.), Rita Adelman Graphic Designer: Scott Jordan Transcribing and Word Processing: Pat McMahon Published by the Abhidhamma Study Group of Dhammachakka Meditation Center, Berkeley, C.A.
Visiting Professor, Osaka University, Japan Collaborated with Professor Harada (Chit Mann Nwe)
Daw Khin Saw Mu
Khit San Kabyar
Statuette in “Bagyi Aung Nyar De” (short story)
Siblings : ICS U Tin Tut, U Kyaw Myint, U Myint Thein, Dr. Htin Aung, Daw Khin Mya Mu, Daw Tin Saw Mu
Spouse : ICS U Ba Tint
Children : Daw Khin Saw Tint, U Nay Oke Tint
TEDxTalk
Two Poets and their Legacy on Kabyar
Main Characters from “Bagyi Aung Nyar De” : ICS U Tin Tut (Bagyi Aung), Minthuwun (Maung Chit), Daw Khin Saw Mu (Statuette), ICS U Ba Tint (Merchant / Buyer of Statuette)
All four have passed away
It’s time to debunk the myth about “Bagyi Aung”. Many thought that he was Dr. Htin Aung.
Wrote the article “BOC College Student” for RIT Alumni International Newsletter
Business Manager for the publication of Rangoon University Engineering Students’ Union Annual Magazine in 1952-53.
Graduated in 1954 with Civil Engineering
MS from MIT as a recipient of the “Twinning Program” proposed by Saya U Ba Hli
Attended SPZP-2000 held in San Francisco. He requested to be seated with Sayagyis.
Letter in 2012
My dear Ko Aung Gyi:
I tried to e-mail you several times in the past few months but they didn’t get through. I was wondering where have you been and how were you doing.
By the way, as I am unable to attend the great Reunion myself, I have two important proposals for you to consider and, if you thought appropriate, present to the Reunion Organizing Committee:
(1) That at the start of the reunion the whole body of attendees should pay respects to Sayagyi U Ba Hli and Dr. Murray P. Horwood from MIT who were instrumental in getting scholarships and admissions for Burmese graduates and students to MIT, Harvard (San Tun Aung and Nelson Chin graduated from there), Cornell (Kyit In [Min Wun] and Kyaw Win), Michigan State, Ann Arbor & East Lansing, Lehigh, even UCLA (my R.U. College of Engineering classmate graduate Ohn Ghine went there) etc. As you know, Dr. Horwood headed the team of professors from MIT to RU Eng. College back in the 1950’s – – that’s how it got started for the Burmese boys like myself to come to the U.S. for further studies.
(2) I believe that this similar kind of arrangement with MIT or other institutions could and should be made with the Myanmar govt and RIT now for Myanmar to catch up with the world. If you have a chance to meet with Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, please tell her about this proposal. Education and higher education, esp. technical and medical, is extremely important for Myanmar students and graduates and for the country, and no one should overlook this.
Thank you very much for your time and consideration of the above.
My best wishes for a Happy, Healthy and Prosperous New Year to you and your family and all our Sayas, colleagues and friends at the Reunion, in Myanmar and overseas. Please take a lot of pictures at the reunion for me!
Aw Taik Moh
1954 B.Sc. Civil Engineering, R.U. Eng. College
M.C.P.(City Planning) M.I.T. 1957
P.S. Since I attended the last reunion in San Francisco many years ago the RIT Committee lost contact with me, otherwise I would have contributed something to the “Book” they are now publishing about the history of the university (which I heard of from Dr. Chris Lee). I want to let you and the Committee know that I have an original copy of the R.U. Engineering Students’ Union Magazine, published in 1953 – in both Burmese and English – for which I was a Business Manager when I was a 3rd year engineering student. It has the photos of Sayagyi U Ba Hli and the entire faculty and Dr. Horwood and all the students.
Updates
RUESU published six Annual Magazines
Saya U Moe Aung was Editor of the magazine for 1960 – 61
He graduated with Mechanical Engineering from Rangoon University in 1960
Worked for JVC run by relatives. Read news about State Scholarship
Masters in Agricultural Engineering from Virginia Tech in the USA
He had to return by sea taking the Ocean liner Warwickshire of Bibby Line. He became friends with Saya Allen Htay (GBNF), Saya U Soe Paing and Saya U Ko Ko Lay (GBNF). They spent evenings playing Bridge.
Upon his arrival in Rangoon, he visited RIT to pay respect to Saya U Ba Than. Saya asked if he would like to join Agri Dept. (sub-dept of Mechanical). Some Agri students were having a hard time following Soviet lecturers via their interpreters.
Later moved to Thailand & USA
Informal Group
Saya Allen, Saya U Tin Maung Nyunt, U Ko Ko Aye, Ko Thein Naing / Patrick and I would get together for lunch or brunch.
Saya Allen and U Ko Ko Aye are now GBNF.
Ko Thein Naing would pick me up occasionally to visit Saya U Tin Maung Nyunt.
Saya and I used to exchange books (dhamma and general).
He told me to keep the ones that I want.
He bought books. He got books when his dhamma friend Saya U Soe Kaw (Mining) passed away. He got books when a monastery undergoing renovation gave away the old stuff.
Saya’s books include Ludu Dawlove Ah Mar, Theikpan Maung Wa, Tha Ka Doe, and Kyemon U Thaung.
Ludu Daw Ah Mar
She took part in the 1936 RU Student Strike.
Spouse : Ludu U Hla (Writer & Journalist)
Many journalists & writers worked at Ludu Newspaper founded by U Hla & Daw Ah Mar.
Saya gave me the book written by Ludu Daw Ah Mar about notable people from Mandalay.
Daw Oo Zun (founder of the first Lu Oh Yone လူအိုရုံ) and Kyar Ba Nyein (Boxing & Checkers) are some of the Mandalay Thu မန္တလေးသူ and Mandalay Thar မန္တလေးသား featured in the book.
Book by Ludu Daw Ah Mar
Theikpan Maung Wa
U Sein Tin was an early student who took Burmese Honors.
Became ICS.
Co-founded “Khit San Sar Pay” with U Thein Han (Zawgyi) & U Wun (Minthuwun).
Wrote a journal during his study at Oxford University and published a book.
Wrote semi-autobiographical accounts featuring Maung Lu Aye မောင်လူအေး and Maung Lu Hmwe မောင်လူမွှေး
His collection of “Wut Htu Saung Par ဝတ္ထုဆောင်းပါးာwas prescribed as a Burmese text for high school.
Saya gave me the book written a book by Theikpan Maung Wa about pets.
Theikpan Maung Wa succumbed as a victim of a robbery (gone wrong).
Memories
Health & Fitness
President of RIT Thaing
Member of RIT Saya Soccer Team
Hiking & some Mountaineering (before having medical problems)
Had operation
Social & Religious Activities
Volunteer for constructing the pagoda & monastery at Taung Pulu Kaba Aye (first in the SF Bay Area & later at Boulder Creek)
Member, Kappiya Karaka ကပ္ပိယကာရက
Supporter, Team that compiled & converted Mogok Sayadaw’s tapes into CD
Donated $500 to YTU Library Modernization project
Donation
Used to have monthly လဖက်ရည် နဲ့ စကားဝိုင်း with Saya Allen Htay (GBNF), U Ko Ko Aye (GBNF), Ko Thein Naing (Patrick) and me.
Visit by Saya U Soe Paing (EE, UCC). They spent over a month on an Ocean Liner to return home after studying in the USA.
Visit by U Soe Paing
Saya and U Sein Tun were roommates at Mandalay University in 1955. They met again at a Fundraiser in Newark Pavilion on June 22, 2025.
