Category: Burma

  • Unsolved Mystery

    Unsolved Mystery

    by Hla Min

    Updated : June 2025

    1949

    • Assassination of U Tin Tut in 1949
    • Someone informed of the “probable assassination attempt” to U Kyaw Myint (younger brother of U Tin Tut).
    • Senior Police Officials in charge of the investigation were retired with generous offers.

    Memories

    Tin Tut 1
    Tin Tut 2
    Tin Tut 3

    Post by Thant Myint-U (on September 15, 2015)

    66th anniversary of Myanmar’s tragic assassination

    Friday (18 September) will be the 66th anniversary of the assassination of U Tin Tut, ICS. He was mortally wounded when a bomb exploded in his car on Sparks Street (now Bo Aung Kyaw Street). He died shortly after in Rangoon General Hospital. The mystery of who killed U Tin Tut has never been solved. His death changed the course of Burmese history.

    U Tin Tut was educated at Dulwich and Queen’s College, Cambridge. He was a top scholar and athlete (captaining his college rugby team) and the first Burmese admitted into the elite Indian Civil Service. After World War Two, he was the only Burmese fluent in both financial and constitutional affairs and widely seen as the most brilliant Burmese of his generation.

    He was in many ways U Aung San’s principal deputy and a key figure at both the January 1947 London negotiations and at Panglong. He was seriously injured on 19 July 1947 when U Aung San and the others were killed.

    He was Burma’s first foreign minister but resigned during the increasingly chaotic and violent days of mid-1948 to become the Inspector General (i.e. commander) of the new Union Auxiliary Force, meant to counter the communists and other ‘Leftists’.

    He was a nationalist but not a socialist, and wanted to maintain good relations with the West. The more radical factions in Burmese politics and in the Burma Army saw him as a threat.

    Posts

    • ICS
    • Seven Siblings
    • The Empty Tomb
    • U Tin Tut
  • Elections

    Elections

    by Hla Min

    Updated : June 2025

    1960 Election

    U Nu
    • Pyidaungsu Party won. U Nu became Prime Minister of the Union of Burma for the Third and Last time.
    • Several military officers (who used power to support the Losing Party) were purged.
    • The 17 man Revolutionary Council staged a Coup d’etat on March 2, 1962. According to Kyemon U Thaung, six of them did not have access to high level information / decision.
    • Burma lost its hard fought Independence.

    Sham Elections

    • During the BSPP era, there were Sham Elections. Mostly single candidate nominated by BSPP. Voters had to choose White (Yes) or Black (No).
    • During one BSPP Convention, the then Number One did not get the Top Vote. A purge followed. Those suspected of “Election Fraud” were criminalized with ludicrous charges. The MI Chief and his followers became extremely powerful. Eventually they were detained or dismissed.
    • Jump Promotions and Purges led to many Toadies. e.g a Commander who baby sit the grand kids of his Boss.

    Past Elections

    • In September 1988 General Saw Maung took over. He promised to hold free and fair elections and that the soldiers will return to the Barracks.
      Citing medical reasons, he was forced out & replaced by a Ruthless Dictator.
    • The National League for Democracy won the 1990 Elections. The results were nullified. The majority of elected representatives were detained.
    • The military rule — accompanied by Nepotism, Cronyism & Terrorism — established a hand crafted Constitution in 2008 to ensure impunity for their Crimes and an unfair advantage to the past, present & future Thugs.
    • 2010 Election was virtually uncontested. Some Toadies helped the military by posing as Opposition.
    • 2015 and 2020 Elections were won convincingly by NLD (National League for Democracy).
  • Ah Ba U Hla Myint

    Ah Ba U Hla Myint

    by Dr. Thane Oke Kyaw Myint

    Updated : June 2025

    “Have you ever really had a teacher? One who saw you as a raw but precious thing, a jewel that, with wisdom, could be polished to a proud shine? If you are lucky enough to find your way to such teachers, you will always find your way back. Sometimes it is only in your head. Sometimes it is right alongside their beds.”

    At the end of his book “Tuesdays with Morrie”, Mitch Albom wrote the above about his teacher, Morrie Schwatz, his professor of sociology in Brandeis. I am sure that Ko Nyunt Thein who asks me to write about Ah Ba will agree that the words can be said of Ah Ba U Hla Myint who passed away yesterday. Like Prof. Schwartz, Ah Ba had or must have seen each and every student that he had taught as “precious things” that he could polish to a “proud shine”.

    Ko Nyunt Thein and I are among thousands of doctors who were fortunate to be polished by Ah Ba in many ways. While Ko Nyunt Thein was able to be “alongside” Ah Ba’s bed till the last day of Ah Ba’s life, I can close my eyes, and in my head and in my memories of saya, I know I would never be lost because of what Saya taught me and made me to be who I am .

    …………………………………………………

    May I tell the readers a few anecdotes that would make them understand the various aspects of saya:

    “Put their names on HPD list”

    “Sister Florence, make sure their names are on the high protein diet list every day. And tell U Gyi Hla, to make sure that they eat”. Sister Florence was his ward sister for many years, U Gyi Hla was responsible for getting the prescribed diets from the hospital kitchen and give it out to each patient . And “their names” meant the names of Ko Myo Myint and myself.

    I might have mentioned to some that the two of us literally lived in Ah Ba’s wards from April 1964 onwards, and for myself, from then till November 1970 when I moved to Children’s hospital for my paediatrics training. Saya Bobby, with Ah Ba’s agreement, had given us this little room which used to be the “ECG room” to live in, while we were learning from both of them. Ah Ba asked me one day, coming into the room where I was studying and said,” I should have asked you before. What are you doing for your meals?” I replied, “If we have time, we go to Latha Lan or 19th. Street for food (this was the cheap affordable roadside food eaten by med students and interns)”. “This wouldn’t do!” saya said and turned away calling for Sister. That was how we remained on Wards 5 & 6 High Protein Diet for about three years.

    This was in the really good days when there was no “ko htu ko hta ကိုယ်ထူကိုယ်ထ” i.e self help or “sa zeit hmya pay စရိတ်မျှပေး” cost sharing as it was now. All the patients’ needs, from linen, mosquito nets, food, medicines were all provided free of charge by the hospital.

    And being on HPD, we got a jug of milk, two toasts, two boiled eggs for breakfast, and a meat of our choice together with veggies on the side, either a fruit or a portion of a custard pie as dessert! Talk about eating in style.

    The only complaints came from the interns, our seniors: they had to write up the diet sheet every night making sure that the right diet be asked for each patient, by name and bed number. And some literally got “pissed off” (pardon my French!) to have to add our names to the list every night!

    Was Saya wrong in doing this? No, saya was just caring for us and making sure that we ate and ate well!!!

    “Shit Gyi Kho Par Yae, Ta gar pwint pae bar”

    (For goodness sake, please open the door)

    This was the time when junior doctors could not afford to own cars. At that time, there were about a dozen doctors senior to me who had already passed the selection examinations and were being trained in RGH. Only Ma Ma Thelma who could drive herself and Ah Ko Thein Han who had a driver, could be in time every day. The other three, Ko Harry, Ko Sein Oo and Ko Ko Hla, posted to our wards came by bus, buses that they had to take after a long walk from where they lived to the bus station on the nearest main roads. And with the erratic bus schedules and crowded buses, they were often just a few minutes late. But, by Ah Ba’s rules, every entrance must be closed and locked by 8.00am. and nobody could enter the ward when Ah Ba did his rounds.

    The “shit gyi kho pa yae.. ..” was a common refrain that we could hear from my three elder brothers, making a plea with the ward boy to let them in. And of course, the ward boy would never dare to go against saya’s orders.

    Many ploys were tried: going up one story up to the surgical wards and coming down by the stairs pretending to be busy at the other end or returning from a surgical referral; coming up to the way that dead bodies were carried down to the mortuary through the basement; going around towards Lanmadaw, climbed to the X-ray department, got an old X-ray to pretend that you were fetching an urgent X-ray – with Ah Ba, none would work. You got caught by Ah Ba and Ah Ba kept on closing every entrance!

    Ko Tin Maung Htun who lived in the AS quarters across the street and for me living in the ward, we escaped the scolding and enjoyed the discomfort of our seniors!

    “No, saya, it wasn’t me, it was Shwe Shwe”

    One essential duty before Ah Ba saw patients was what we called “the cheroot rounds”. We had many cases of Cor Pulmonale (COPD) cases all the time in the wards. Many were heavy smokers of cheroots. We had to do one round to check their bedside lockers that the cheroots were either not there or at least well hidden.

    If by chance, Ah Ba opened the locker and found cheroots, I got a scolding. But I was lucky when Shwe Shwe got posted to us. I only had to say, “I didn’t check saya, it was Shwe Shwe”, Ah Ba would just frowned at us but no scolding! With Ah Ba, Shwe Shwe could get away with anything short of murder!

    The same would be for diabetics and their “locker rounds” – nothing of high sugar or carbohydrate content must be found or woes betide the house surgeons to whom the bed had been assigned.

    “Saya, it is time for me to change my glasses”

    Ah Ba got very upset if we missed physical signs. If he had time, he would thoroughly examine each patient on his rounds and expected all of us to have detected relevant physical signs present. His “favorite thing” was to detect “pericardial rub” which we tended to miss. It happened once to me. I thought I had done well with that patient but when Ah Ba turned to me, handed the earpieces for me to listen, while holding the chest piece where he heard the rub, I knew I was in trouble.

    Frowning, he said, “I did not expect that you would miss this, Johnny”.

    I was so frightened of being scolded, blurted out, “Saya, it is time for me to change my glasses, at such times, my hearing gets less acute.” Only later I realized that I had given him a ridiculous excuse. He did not say anything. Just said, “When I go back for lunch, come with me.”

    I thought I would be in for a “one to one” “monhinga kywae” – we called being scolded as being given mohinga. Instead, on arriving at his house, he pulled open a drawer and gave me a new Littman, so that I could hear well!!!

    “Silence ! Johnny is sleeping”

    It was just one of those bad days: That admission day, we had so many patients, many coming in very ill. All beds were full and we had to put up what we called “centre beds” i.e. setting up beds between the two lines of regular beds as well as “stretcher cases”, those whom we could not give beds had to be kept on the stretchers on which they were brought in. On top of that I got called away twice to Dufferin to see and bring back two cases of septic abortion with acute renal failure.

    By 7.00, having requested Emergency to kindly stop sending patients to us but to wait and send them to the next admitting wards, I laid down for a short nap. But, I must have fallen asleep, because it was past 10.00 when I woke up. Strangely, the wards were very quiet and I could not imagine why. I washed my face, changed clothes and got out. Then I saw the reason why.

    Ah Ba had told Sister to close off the passage way, between his office and my little room with trolleys at each end. I was so embarrassed that Saya had also put up two signs on cardboards on the trolleys that said “Silence, Johnny is sleeping” in Burmese!!! Talk about being so priviledged to be treated like his very own little son!

    “Rosalind, Johnny is here”

    Every Thadingyut, I would go to Ah Ba’s house to pay homage to Ah Ba and Ma Ma. The moment he saw me coming in he would shout, “Rosalind, Johnny is here.” He would not accept anything from me, either expensive or inexpensive, as homage. If I did, he would give it back to me. He preferred that I came empty handed so that Ma Ma could give me a plastic bag containing either white shirts and black material for trousers or later white collarless shirt, a yaw longyi (my favorite) and a length of cloth to make a Burmese jacket.

    Only once he accepted: I was leaving Burma and had asked Ko Sein Aung, an artist whose children I looked after, for a painting to give as a farewell present to Ah Ba, especially as I did not know when I might be able to come back to Burma.

    I got off the car, carrying this painting wrapped in brown paper. The first thing he said was, “How many times did I tell you not to bring anything for me.” I said, “Saya, I am leaving Burma and do not know when I can come back again. I asked a friend to paint what I would like to say to you for everything that you have done for me.”

    I kowtowed and paid homage and handed the wrapped painting to Ah Ba.

    He opened it, looked at it and said, “Why this painting?” I replied, “Saya, I were Rahula, you would be Buddha to me”. It was a copy of one of U Ba Kyi’s paintings of Rahula asking for his inheritance from Buddha.

    The painting will still be in Saya’s prayer room till now. And like Rahula, I did inherit from my father Ah Ba who as a Buddhist, I revered as being equal to the Enlightened one, inherited not material riches but lessons for life that made me a good person and a good doctor.

    …………………………………………………

    No, Ah Ba did not die yesterday: he lived on in each of us who were his students, now scattered all over the world.

    Thane Oke Kyaw-Myint

    14 September 2012

    Memories

    Ah ba and me
    Ah Ba, with Marie, Ko Nyunt Thein and me, Jan 2011
    This is the mural of Buddha and Rahula in my old office in Children’s Hospital. The painting given to Ah Ba is a smaller version of my mural

    Posts

    • Dr. Mohan
    • Dr. Thane Oke Kyaw Myint
    • Early Doctors
    • Medical Research
  • Old Movie Poster

    Old Movie Poster

    by Hla Min

    Updated : June 2025

    ရှေးခေတ် — ရုပ်ရှင် ကြော်ငြာ

    လူထုအောင်သံ — ရုပ်ရှင်

    ပြဇာတ် — ဦးနု

    ရုပ်ရှင်ရုံ (တချို့)

    • ရန်ကုန်
      New Excelsior (ဝဇီရာ)
      Carlton (ယုဇန)
    • မန္တလေး
      Golden Cinema (ရွှေ)
    • မော်လမြိုင်
      King Cinema (ဘရင့်ရုံ)
    • ပုသိမ်
      Raphael Cinema
    • စစ်တွေ
      Sittway Cinema (စစ်တွေ)

    Notes

    • U Nu wrote the play.
    • It was prescribed as a text.
    • Bo Ba Ko and Maung Maung Tar became famous actors.

    Posts

    • Actors & Directors
    • Cinemas
  • Memories of U Silananda

    Memories of U Silananda

    by Hla Min

    Updated : June 2025

    U Silananda
    • First Rector of ITBMU (International Theravada Buddhist Missionary University)
    • Passed away on August 13, 2005.
    • I served as Master of Ceremony at the Service.
    • I carried the Box of his Ashes and accompanied Saya U Myat Htoo (C68, President of TBSA) for the Scattering of the Ashes near Golden Gate Bridge, San Francisco.

    Publication

    • Book in memory of U Silananda
    • I was a member of the Committee & Contributing Editor
    Book

    August 30, 2015

    • Attended 10th Anniversary of Sayadaw U Silananda’s demise
    • Dhammanda Vihara, Half Moon Bay
    Invitation

    Ceremony

    C 1
    C 2
    C 3
    C 4
    C 5
    C6
    C 7
    C 8
    C 9
    C 10

    Posts

    • Abhidhamma
    • Dhamma Publications
    • Sayadaws
    • Trail blazers
    • TBSA
  • Tin Moe (1933 – 2007)

    Tin Moe (1933 – 2007)

    by Hla Min

    Updated : June 2025

    Highlights

    Tin Moe
    • Name : Ba Gyan
    • Pen name : Tin Moe
    • Laureate Poet
    • National Literary Award Wonner
    • Speaker, SF Bay Area Literary Talks
    • Scored a perfect 25 marks for Essay & distinction in Burmese for the Matric exam
    • Alumnus, Mandalay University
    • National Literary Award Winner
    • Member, Curriculum for Burmese
    • Born in 1933
    • Passed away in Southern California in 2007

    In Memory of Tin Moe

    One month

    One month anniversary

    Six months

    • A book was published in his memory six months after his demise.
    Six month anniversary
    • Displayed at the SF Bay Area Literary Talks on July 22, 2007.
    • Several Authors and/or Literary Lovers signed the book for me.
    • Cho Cho Thinn (Tin Moe’s daughter)
    • Htain Lin
    • Dr. Kyaw Tint
    • Maung Yit (Maung Maung Win)
    • Myo Sint
    • Ohn Myint
    • Tin Maung Than
    • Win Pe

    Posts

    • Literary Talks
    • Poet Art Series
    • Poetry
    • Rhyme
    • Translation of Poems
  • March 13

    by Hla Min

    Updated: June 2025

    1988

    Phone Maw
    • It was a sad and dark day.
    • It was a milestone in the struggle to restore democracy in our beloved land.
    • Phone Maw was struck by a stray bullet. He passed away.
    Soon Kyaw invitation

    Celebrations

    • March 13 is observed as “Burma Human Rights Day” (e.g. in the City of Berkeley).
    • March 13 is known as “Phone Maw & Soe Naing” Nay.
    • Soon offerings are made in their memory.

    2016

    • RITAA was formed on March 13, 2016

    2018

    • A huge vinyl with the RITAA Logo was made available on March 13, 2018. Thanks to Ko Eric Foo for the photo and Mech Ko Lay for the vinyl copy.
  • Center for Burmese Studies at NIU

    Center for Burmese Studies at NIU

    by Hla Min

    Updated : June 2025

    NIU

    Photo by Saya Dr. Yan Naing Lwin

    Jan 19, 1987 · Center for Burma Studies at Northern Illinois University at “DeKalb”- The Center will have its formal opening on July 29 and 30, 1987. Richard Cooler, the Director of the new Center, will send out the detailed announcement !

    I have arranged the key note address by U Nu, the first Prime Minister of Burma for the opening ceremony. U Nu also gave a summer class in “Buddhism” prior to the opening ceremony.

    Here is a picture that I took of the group as we toured the Lake Shore one day.

    You will notice U Nu (First and Last Prime Minister of the Union of Burma), late Professor Than Tun (History, Visiting Scholar in residence) & Mrs. Than Tun. Also, Burmese Lecturer Saya U Kyaw Hlaing. Dr. Cynthia Htaik is just behind U Nu. I still have some hair on my head! The Standard Oil Building can be seen in the back ground.

    Standard Oil Building (Chicago), Illinois, is now known as the Aon Center.

    Editor’s Notes

    • Dr. Yan Naing Lwin is Emeritus Professor and Chair of the Physics Department at Western Illinois University (WIU).
    • U Saw Tun is Head of the Burmese Department at Northern Illinois University (NIU).
    • U Kyaw Hlaing lives in Southern California.
  • Seven Siblings

    Seven Siblings

    by Hla Min

    Updated : June 2025

    ICS U Tin Tut

    U Tin Tut
    • First Burmese to become ICS by invitation.
    • Served as Foreign Minister, Brigadier of a Reserve Army, Journalist and Publisher.
    • Perished when a bomb (placed under his car) exploded. There were investigations, but no conclusive results were reported.
    • Dr. Thane Oke Kyaw Myint posted photos and articles about his Ba Gyi (e.g. The Empty Tomb).
    • “Ba Gyi Aung Nyar Dei” (a famous short story by Minthuwun (Saya U Wun) has implicit references to U Tin Tut.

    U Kyaw Myint

    U Kyaw Myint
    • Barrister, Judge of Supreme Court, Head of Tribunal that tried Galon U Saw, Dean of the Faculty of Law, Politician, Head of private Law firm that defended several people accused by the BSPP government).
    • Stood first in Burma from Central with distinctions in all subjects. Sadly, he was expelled from the University of Rangoon for attending his mother’s funeral and earned the ire of the Principal and his father. His saga is recounted in a series of posts by his son Dr. Thane Oke Kyaw Myint.
    • Dhamma friend of my beloved parents. They built Dat Paung Zon Aung Min Gaung pagoda and supported “Mon” Sayadaw U Thilawanta.
    Brief Bio of U Kyaw Myint

    U Myint Thein

    • Chief Justice of the Union of Burma
    • On March 2, 1962, a Coup D’etat took place. Arrested along the Prime Minister, Cabinet Ministers, several Sawbwas and high ranking officials. During his detainment, he was allowed only one day off to attend the funeral of his spouse Daw Phwa Hmi (an early Burmese female to be called to the Bar in the UK).
    • Ambassador to China
    • Outstanding author and translator
    • Pen name : “MMT” (for Maung Myint Thein). His works were heavily censored.

    Dr. Htin Aung

    Dr. Htin Aung
    • Principal of Rangoon College
    • First native Rector of the Rangoon University
    • Prolific writer covering history, folklore and several topics
    • “Burmese Drama” & “Thirty Burmese Tales” were prescribed texts

    Daw Khin Mya Mu

    • Lecturer in Burmese
    • Thamadu Myo Win (family court judge)
    • Expert in Kyauk Sar (stone inscriptions)
    • Spouse : Professor U E Maung
    • Her handwritten manuscripts were not published due to lack of fonts, and were ultimately lost

    Daw Khin Saw Mu

    Daw Khin Saw Mu
    • Early student of Sayagyi U Pe Maung Tin
    • Khit San Poet
    • Spouse : ICS U Ba Tint
    • Children : Daw Khin Saw Tint (RIT English, bilingual writer)
      and U Nay Oke Tint (St. Paul’s, TED-x InyaLake speaker, successful tuition saya, Chair of the Myanmar Board for organizing the 5th Irrawaddy Literary Festival)

    Daw Tin Saw Mu

    • Lecturer in English at Rangoon University
  • Burmese Presidents

    Burmese Presidents

    by Hla Min

    Updated : June 2025

    Democratic Burma

    • Sao Shwe Thaik (1948 – 1952)
      Nyaung Shwe (ညောင်ရွှေ Yaunghwe) Sawbwa
      First President of Burma; Burma gained Independence on January 4, 1948
    • Dr. Ba U (1952 – 57)
      Author : “My Burma”; Claimed that he was the first President to be elected according to the Constitution
    • Mahn Win Maung (1957-62)
      He was arrested along with the Cabinet Ministers and high ranking officials in March 2, 1962.

    Notes

    • Sama Duwa Sinwa Naung was President-Elect when the Coup d’etat took place on March 2, 1962.
    • The 17-man Revolutionary Council was led by General Ne Win.
    Sama Duwa

    BSPP Era

    • U Ne Win (1974 – 1981)
    • U San Yu (1981 – 1988)
    • Dr. Maung Maung (1988 – 1988)
    • U Sein Lwin (1988 – 1988)

    Notes

    • A new Constitution enforced the One-Party System rule by BSPP from 1974 to 1988.
    • There was a mass protest for Multi-party Democracy System (promised by U Ne Win).

    Post 1988

    U Htin Kyaw
    • U Thein Sein (2011 – 2016)
    • U Htin Kyaw (2016 – 2018)
      Retired citing medical problems
    • U Win Myint (2018 – )
      Arrested on February 1, 2022 by Power Mongers

    Notes

    • Another Constitution, which was ratified shortly after the devastating Cyclone Nargis, empowered the quasi-military Government