Category: Burma

by Hla Min

Updated : Apr 2026

Brief Bio

• Born on February 13, 1915.
• Zartar name was Htain Lin.
• Chose his name to be Aung San to rhyme with that of his elder brother Aung Than.

• Non-de-plume during the “Thirty Comrades” days was Bo Teza.
• Editor of Oway Magazine published by RUSU

• Translated “Invictus”.

• Was assassinated on July 19, 1947
• Spouse : Daw Khin Kyi
• Children : Aung San Oo, Aung San Lin (GBNF), Aung San Suu Kyi

Centennial in 2015

I wrote the following in 2015 for the Centennial Celebration ရာပြည့် of his birthday.

AUNG SAN
(Feb 12, 1915 – July 19, 1947)

AUNG

A — Architect of Burma’s Independence;
Signed the Aung San – Atlee Agreement.
It led to the Nu — Atlee Agreement that gave Independence.

U — University Student Leader;
Served as Chief Editor of the Oway Magazine.
Refused to name the author of “Hell Hound Turned Loose”.
Was expelled, resulting in the 1938 Universities Student Strike.
Translated “Invictus”.

N — National Unity & Solidarity Proponent;
Organized the Panlong Agreement / Pinlon Sar Choke
Agreement was signed on February 12, 1947.
February 12 is celebrated as Pyi Daung Su Nay / Union Day

G —  Gone but not forgotten;
General, who promised to step down after Independence.
Gunned down at the tender age of 32.

SAN

S — Showed leadership & personal sacrifice;
Wore torn uniforms.
Ate Pebyoke ပဲပြုတ် and Nanbya နံပြား

A — Anti Fascist People’s Freedom League (AFPFL); ဖဆပလ
Co-founder

N — National Planning Advocate;
Displayed Nationalism and Patriotism by deeds and not words.

Memories

Arzani

Delegation to UK

Posts

• Arzani Nay (Martyrs’ Day)
• Centennial
• Khalay
• Pioneers
• Rangoon University

by TOKM & Hla Min

Updated : Apr 2026

Introduction by Hla Min

He had a checkered life with a a series of setbacks and victories. His life is brilliantly recounted by his son Dr. Thane Oke Kyaw Myint (Pediatrician).

Several readers have compared the accounts as befitting a romantic novel or historical episodes.

Connections

I first knew him as a dhamma friend of my parents. The two families helped build the Dat Poung Zon Aung Min Gaung Pagoda and supported Mon Sayadaw U Thilawuntha.

Two paternal uncles (who are Barristers) worked at his Law firm.

His son Dr. TOKM was my senior at SPHS. He became a saya of my beloved spouse at IM(1). He took care of my two young sons. When I published “Trivia” posts, he provided comments and details to several posts.

I learned more about his father, uncles and aunts first via his commentaries and now via his articles (e.g. the value of emotional intelligence and brotherhood, the indomitable spirit). He also covered notable events and people.

The Brief Biography of U Kyaw Myint appeared in “Who’s Who in Burma”.

He was born in April 18, 1898 in Zalun Henzada district. He is the second son of U Pein, K.S.M, A.T.M, Deputy Commissioner and Daw Mi Mi.

Seven Siblings / Outstanding Burmans

• ICS U Tin Tut is known as a diplomat, journalist and for being a victim of the the political assassination. Details can be found in the post “The Empty Tomb” and related articles on the unsolved mysteries of Burma. He is the first Burmese ICS by invitation.
• U Kyaw Myint
  His life is covered in this post. It was first published as a series of articles in Facebook.
• U Myint Thein was Chief Justice of the Union of Burma. He was detained in the Coup d’etat on March 2, 1962. He was Ambassador to China.
  Pen name : MMT
  Spouse : Daw Phwa Mi (first Burmese Female Barrister)
• Dr. Htin Aung
  Principal, Rangoon College
  First native Rector, Rangoon University
  Vice Chancellor, Rangoon University
  Diplomat, Ceylon
  Scholar : Oxford & Cambridge
  Author, Historian & Folklorist
• Daw Khin Mya Mu
  Kyauk Sar Specialist
  Thamadi Myo Wun
  Spouse : Professor U E Maung
• Daw Khin Saw Mu
  Early graduate of Burmese Department, RU
  Khit San Poet
  Spouse : ICS U Ba Tint
  Children : Daw Khin Saw Tint & Nay Oke
  Daw Khin Saw Tint wrote an article about her mom and aunts
• Daw Tin Saw Mu
  Lecturer, English Department, RU

My Father

U Kyaw Myint

By Dr. Thane Oke Kyaw Myint (SPHS60)

My father had a very chequered life.

Early Life

Short stay at Rangoon College

He stood first in the Matriculation examination at the age of sixteen. He had distinction in all subjects including shorthand and typing. He got scholarship when he entered Rangoon College in June 1914 but was expelled from the College in July 1914.

There was going to be a scholarship exam to enter Calcutta University. The Principal of Rangoon College, Mr. Mathew Hunter had chosen two bright young men to take the exams to enter medical college in Calcutta. The two students for this exam were my father and Sayagyi U Ba Than. They were very close friends.

Just before the exams, my grandmother passed away in upper Burma where my grandfather was working. Father went to the Principal to give him leave to attend his mother’s funeral. But the dates would clash with the exams and Mr Hunter refused his permission. Father was told that if he went without the Principal’s agreement, he would be expelled on return.

My father went in time for the funeral but on return, as told to him earlier he was expelled from the College.

Self Support

My grandfather was very angry with my father being expelled. Father was told not to come back to the family.

Father supported himself by doing a unique job. He traveled from Pegu passing through small towns and villages. At that time, there were many Burmese women who had children by Englishmen, and were common law wives. The Englishmen had left Burma, but they did not money regularly.

On behalf of the women, father wrote letters in English to the men in England. He was offered food, small amounts of money, and a place to stay.

He continued doing this, going up the country till he reached Myitkyina some months later.

Bombay Burma Company

Due to father’s expertise in short hand and typing, a young English man from Bombay Burma Company gave father a job as a clerk and secretary. Father told me about the kindness of the English couple who let him stay with them.

Apart from Secretary work, he had to go with workers to the teak trees that had been cut down and later sent them down the Irrawaddy to Rangoon. Father had to supervise that the Bombay Burma Company seal was hammered deep at the end of the logs. The logs were floated down the Irrawaddy river. Logs with the seal were collected and exported to England.

Illness

A year later father had cerebral malaria and it was the young couple who looked after him during the illness.

Enlistment and Assignments

Father stayed on with the English couple till the end of 1916. By that time the war that was said to last only one year had to gone into its third year with no resolution. There were many casualties and new fronts for the conflict. The English government intensified their recruiting efforts.

The young Englishman and his wife returned to England. The husband joined the army.

Father did not want to continue working in Myitkyina. He also thought of enlisting for the war.

He first went to Pegu to reconcile with his father. Grand father was doing a job what would be equivalent to a District Commissioner (DC) but being Burmese was given the post as Extra Assistant Commissioner (EAC) but doing the same job.

Burmese doctors were appointed as Sub Assistant Surgeon (SAS). They had to work like surgeons and civil surgeons.

NB: the status of Burmese doctors before Independence can be read in the books by Dr. U Myint Swe.

In spite of my grandfather telling him not to enlist, father went ahead for enlistment.

The place for enlistment was the at the Cantonment (which was Burmanized as “Kan Daw Min” Park). It is the place with a small lake near the Shwe Dagon Pagoda.

At that time, no Burmese would be accepted. One must either be an Anglo-Burman or and Anglo-Indian.

When asked, father gave his name as “John Henry Wilson”. He could be taken for an Anglo because he was very fair with sharp facial features.

Next he was asked to go against the wall to measure his height. Father was only five foot two inches. When the sergeant cane to measure him, he stood up on his toes so that it would be five foot four (the required height for a soldier).

The sergeant asked him whether he really wanted to serve, and getting an affirmative, the sergeant write down on his enlistment as “John Henry Wilson, Anglo-Burman, five foot six”. Father became a soldier.

Note:

Since, the English keeps excellent records, there must be enlistment records for the regiment that above item written down above, would still be there in their archives.

I visited the Middle Temple Inn in London, from where my father was called to the Bar. I wanted know about my father, the Librarian asked me for date of being called, went in, back in about 15 mins and gave me a copy of information of my father as recorded in their archives.Will write more about this in a later post “My father: the Barrister”

I tried to remember but still could not get the place in India where he was sent. I only remembered that it was in a cantonment not far from Dehli.

Father was sent to where the Gloucester Regiment, the 12th Battalion was billeted. He got his training, stayed there for some time rising to the rank of corporal.

Mesopotamia Campaign and “the war to end all wars”

At the start of the war, the British army and its allies thought that it would be a short war lasting for a year or so. But it didn’t as the allies were fighting on different fronts. When the Turkish Ottoman army joined the war, that opened a new front of the war: the “Mesopotamia Front / Campaign”. Father’s regiment was sent to that front.

Germany had sent a fleet of submarines to attack British ships carrying either troops or cargo.

Although not entirely, the British army and navy were depending on oil from Burma Oil Company in Yenangyaung. But when their ships sailing from Burma were being sunk, they looked for an alternative.

Apart from Burma, the oil fields from Mesopotamia were near to England and likely to have less loss during transport.

Just like Burma Oil Company (BOC), there was another company that could offer the required crude oil. Like BOC, the Anglo-Persian Oil Company (AOC) was owned by an Englishman. Both BOC and AOC were taken over by the British government for the war efforts.

The Mesopotamia Campaign happened mainly to save and have access to AOC refineries.

For some years now, whenever I heard about Iraq, Iran, Syria, two words often appeared: Basra and Mosul.

Mesopotamia was the area between the Tigris and the Euphrates rivers. It covered what would later become most of Iraq, parts of Northern Arabia, Eastern part of Syria and South East Turkey.

The oil rigs were in Basra and Mosul within Mesopotamia.

And that was where my father’s regiment was sent: to guard the oil fields from the Germans.

As the German army was engaged in other fronts, it was the Turkish (Ottaman) soldiers and Nomadic Arabs attacking these two areas.

It was mainly skirmishes and attacks mainly by the nomadic Arabs who were given arms by the Germans. The disciplined regiment could repel the poorly planned attacks and thus England still had access to the oil.

Armistice: 11-11-11 11AM

Father and did comrades stayed on in that area till Armistice, the end of the war at: “the 11th hour, of the 11th day of the 11th. month of the year”.

President Woodrow Wilson in his speech said, “the war to end all wars” had ended, using H.G. Wells’ words from the book “The War of the Worlds”. How ironic it was as only three decades later the Second World War happened.

Return Home

Not too long after that soldiers including my father were demobilized and could return to their home countries.

Father returned home to be with his family.

Study at Cambridge University

Since he was expelled from the College, he had never given up his hope to gain a good education. The demob and savings from his salary and other benefits on leaving the army, he now had enough money to go to England to get what he had wanted to do since 1914.

He applied to be admitted to Queens’ College Cambridge, where his elder brother [U Tin Tut] had attended gaining MA, LLB.

Father landed on the shores of England in the spring of 1919. He was twenty one years old.

After spending time in London for a week or so he got to Cambridge to seek admission. Father told me that it was a vibrant time to be as there were so many young men like him, veterans of the war, some who had left their studies and had left to fight the war as well as those like him who had come to be admitted for the first time. He wanted to study at Cambridge as this was where his elder brother studied for his BA (later MA) and LLB.

Both Oxford and Cambridge gave dispensation for veterans, so that they did not have to undergo a strict entrance exam but only had to take what was known as “the little go”.

Father went to the College with all that he had was his matriculation certificate from Burma. He had to go through an interview first to see whether he should be admitted. Father impressed the examiners that he was admitted without the need to take entrance exams.

Finally he thought he was going to get the education he had missed before. He had enough money to sustain him for the four years at the university.

During the two years he was in Cambridge, he actively participated in debates conducted by the Cambridge Union, where he sharpened not only his oratory but also would help him at the courts when he became a practising barrister in Burma. It also helped when he became a well known politician in Burma.

Two things happened that would affect his ambition to be a college graduate.

First when he was in the second year, U Tin Tut arrived. He was sent to Oxford to do his training for the Indian Civil Service (ICS). He was to be the very first Burmese to be admitted to the Service. And unlike the others who later joined, he was the only Burmese to be admitted by nomination and not by selection examinations.

On 29th December 1920, there was a nation wide students strike against the British government. Schools and the Rangoon University was closed down.

U Myint Thein was then studying in the junior BA class at the University. Not knowing when the university would be reopened, even without telling my father he traveled by ship to England. This he did without any funds for tuition fees. He arrived and requested my father to pay for his tuition and upkeep in Cambridge.

U Tin Tut gambled a lot on the races and he also was asking father to help pay some of his gambling debts.

Father decided to leave Cambridge so that he could support his younger brother. He searched for a job to sustain the three of them.

For the second time in his life, his education had to be postponed.

At that time, there was Burma Club. Many years later — at the time when Saya U Maung Nyo was studying in London — there would be the Britain Burma Club. And Prof. Woodruff, who was a visiting professor of tropical medicine in Rangoon, was a Patron.

The Burma Club was for the people who have served in Burma both before and during the war. Father got a job as the secretary of the Club. It enabled him to sustain the needs of his two brothers and allowed him to prepare for the barrister examinations.

I have titled this part of my post as “Cambridge — here I come”, but for father in 1920 was “Cambridge — here I leave”.

Yet again he was thwarted from gaining a university degree.

P.S. In spite of all the obstacles, in 1948, on gaining independence, my father, the college dropout, was appointed as one of the first three Supreme Court Justices of our country. And also later became the very first Dean of the Faculty of Law at the Rangoon University.

The Four Brothers and Inns of Court

May I give some information about the Honorable Societies of Barristers: the four Inns of the Court of England and Wales. namely The Inner Temple, The Middle Temple, Grey’s Inn and Lincoln’s Inn.

The first photo is the Temple and second is the current School of Law, under University of London, showing the shields of the four Inns: On top Lincoln’s Inn and Middle Temple. below Grey’s and Inner Temple.

The full name of the Temple was Solomon’s Temple.

Originally the temple was for a Catholic Military Order (Fellow Soldiers of Christ) and the members of the Order were known as Knight Templars. This order was to protect pilgrims going to the the holy land as well as to fight with Muslim armies trying to expand their territories.

This change must be made as seen in the photo as the four Honorable Societies do not give degrees, no scrolls, no diploma nor parchment. There was only entries of a person being called to the bar in the records of the four inns.

According to my uncles (U Myint Thein and Dr Htin Aung) the exams were tougher in the Inner and Middle Temple compared to Grey’s and Lincoln’s. They therefore chose to go to Lincoln’s Inn.

There were no formal lectures nor teaching. Candidates had to attend and listen to trials going on and listen to some tutorials given at the Temple by senior barristers. And mainly one studied on his own.

The way assessments were made was for each subject, written papers had to be submitted followed by “dinings”.

When a candidate felt that he was ready to be assessed, he would invite three senior barristers to actually dine with him in the dining hall. Over dinner, questions were asked and discussions were made. The candidate was told whether he had satisfied the senior barristers and could now go to the next subject i.e. next dining.

If unsuccessful, the candidate had to undergo another dining for that subject.

Father succeeded in at the first attempt of all subjects except on Roman Civil Law which was examined in Latin. Father could answer only one question as he had to learn Latin only on arriving in England. Father had been preparing himself for the bar exams while he was in Cambridge.

At his last dining, the senior most barrister said, “young man you had answered only one out of the four questions in Roman Civil Law. But you had written it like a brief by an experienced barrister. If need be, we hope that you will study more. We are satisfied with you and you need not come back for a second dining”.

Father, the College drop out, the ex- soldier, had finally been called to the Bar on 26 January 1923 at the age of 25 years.

He would then go on to be a Judge of Court of Small Causes at the age of 25 (after only ten months as a practicing barrister), a High Court Judge in 1946 and one of the first three Supreme Court Judges at independence in 1948. He resigned in 1950 in protest against the Prime Minister’s interference with the judiciary. (This will have to be told later).

He became the Professor and Dean of Law, Rangoon University and was conferred with a honorary doctorate (LL D in honoris causa) on his retirement.

…………………..

In 1972, when I was living and studying in London, I became a friend with South African (of Dutch descent) who was taken his bar exams at Middle Temple Inn. He had stayed on to do an academic degree in law.

Candidates were allowed to bring friends to dinner even when they were not being examined.

Each table was for four. My friend and I were joined by two senior barristers. It was such a pleasant evening.

There were two entrances to the dinning hall. Barrister had to go in one, where they were given barrister gowns to wear. Visitors in formal wear had to enter from another entrance. He took me through the visitors entrance, moved to the other entrance, donned the robe and came back to me to go to the dining tables.

There were tables on a stage. My friend told me that the tables were for for judges called the Benchers.

My friend told the senior barristers about my father. They wanted to know whether father was still practising. I told them about my father being a Supreme Court Judge but had retired and had resumed his legal practice.

On another day, my friend took me to the Temple Library where records of people who been called to the Bar from Middle Temple.

When I told the librarian that I only knew about my father being called in 1923, she went to look at the records for that year, found my father’s name and brought out the to me to show me the entry for my father.

It was a very brief entry:

“Maung Kyaw Myint, of the Burma Club, St. Peter’s Square, Hammersmith W.6. (21) second son of Maung Pein, A.T.M of Pegu, Burma, special power magistrate. Called 26 January 1923”.

Then she said, “would you like to have a copy of the entry? I said yes. I was given a xerox copy of that page.

P.S: U Tin Tut and U Kyaw Myint were called to the Bar from Middle Temple. U Myint Thein and Dr. Htin Aung from Lincoln’s Inn.

Daw Phwa Hmi, who would become the wife of U Myint Thein, was the first Burmese woman to be called to the bar from Inner Temple. There was a story behind this about U Myint Thein and Daw Phwa Hmi.

P. S. in case I might forget to write about my uncles, I want to add two amusing anecdotes of them.

Anecdote #1: U Myint Thein

When U Myint Thein was studying in school at Pegu, he and his friends had a fight with another group of young men. U Myint Thein hit a man from the other side with an iron rod and broke his head.

Both groups were arrested for fighting and disturbance of peace by the police and brought before the magistrate. It was my grandfather as the EAC had magisterial function. The young men had to appear before him. All meekly accepted the fines to be given but not for Maung Myint Thein.

When each of them were asked why and the fight started, and what should be their sentence. All accepted to pay the fine for bring public nuisance.

Except my uncle, who was being given a sentence more than others because of the assault with an iron rod. He was made to pay a fine and seven days custody at the police station.

He would not keep his mouth shut that it was not fair as what he said that what he did was according to the Buddhist literature.

His father asked him to explain why. He quoted a stanza of the Mingala Sutta:

He said that in the 20 stanza of the sutta,
“Garavo ca Novato ca
Suntutthi ca katannuta”

The Burmese pronounced the Pali words differently: the word “suntutthica” was pronounced as “than dote thi sa” and therefore he said he should not be given a punishment more than the others as he was doing what was mentioned in the scripture.

Grandfather was very angry with his insolence and sacrilege in using a Pali word to be equal to an iron rod, he had not only to pay to stay in custody for fourteen days for not only assault but also sacrilege.

And that was the my uncle Myint Thein the jailbird who would many years later became the Chief Justice of the Union.

Anecdote 2: Dr Htin Aung

Badwe was studying in Trinity College Dublin for his doctorate which he finished in nine months. To celebrate, he and some friends went on the town. Although he did not drink himself, he plied his college friends with as much alcoholic drinks that they could drink.

After some time, the group became very rowdy and disturbing to other people. They became such a nuisance that the bar tender called the police and all were arrested by the police.

The next morning they were brought in front of the magistrate accused of disturbance of peace in the community. The magistrate asked whether they were all inebriated at the time of arrest. The arresting policemen said yes except for one person who happened to be my uncle.

The magistrate gave a sentence of a fine of one pound for all his friends “disorderly while being drunk”.

My uncle was fined five pounds. The magistrate said while he did not partake in the drinking but was equally rowdy and disturbing people he was fined more because of “disorderly without being drunk”. Said he should have known better than other not to disturb people.

The Age of Barristocracy

Father came back to Burma in 1923 and started practicing as a barrister in Rangoon.

Ten months later he was appointed as a judge of the Court of Small Causes, similar to a magisterial Court. He was the youngest lawyer to be made a judge, not just in Burma but in India also.

How it came about was that the sitting English judge had to return to England. The Court clerk asked the then Chief Justice as to who should be appointed in that position.

The Chief Justice said “the very bright young barrister who had appeared in court. He knows the laws and is very impressive”. The court clerk explained that father had only been working as a barrister for only ten months. The Chief Justice nevertheless decided to give the post to my father.

Father was the youngest ever — at the age of twenty three — to be become a judge in colonial India and Burma.

Nationalism

But at that time, the political climate has begun to change. Nationalism had emerged in both India and Burma.

After two years as a judge, father at twenty five years of age resigned to return to practice as well as to enter the political arena.

He stood for and won the elections of the Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLA), which was equivalent for the lower house in Parliament. The Imperial Council was similar to the upper house but their members were appointed by the Governor General and was by nomination rather then by election.

Seeing the work of many well known barristers in Indian made father stand for election and winning the position from the Kyimindaing (Kemmendine) constituency in Rangoon where he served for two terms.

It was the senior barristers of India and Burma whom he wanted to emulate. While serving as a member of the Legislative Assembly, he got to know and learn from these barristers.

As most of the MLA were barristers and he got to know them well. It seemed as though one would have to be a barrister to become a politician that was why the term “barristocracy” came into being.

Eminent barristers and political leaders

The following eminent barristers in India and Burma were the political leaders at that time.

Mahatma Gandhi : Inner Temple

Pandit Nehru : Inner Temple

Mohamed Jinnah : Lincoln’s Inn, the youngest to be called to the bar at the age of nineteen

Solomon Bandaranaike : Inner Temple

Another activist barrister was Dr. Ambedkar, a dalit, from the scheduled caste, who entered the legislative assembly to fight for the Dalits and formed the “scheduled cast federation”. He was a highly educated and committed lawyer and activist.

Dr. Ambedkar studied at Columbia University and London School of Economics and he was called to the bar at Grey’s Inn. He attained following degrees: BA, MA, PhD, MSc, DSc, LL D, D Litt, Barrister at Law (Grey’s Inn).

He founded the Scheduled Caste Alliance. One tactic he used was to have the untouchable to change their religion from Hinduism where they were at the bottom of the ladder, to Buddhism which had no hierarchy.

Father was to become close to Nehru from India and Mr. Bandaranaike, who not only knew fellow barristers but also MLAs.

He visited Calcutta to meet with Dr. Ambedkar and also with Nataji (Subaru Chandra Bose).

Father also visited Mahatma Gandhi in his ashram, every time when he was in India when he and his disciples were doing “satyagraha” the nonviolence movement.

Nehru and Indira

Nehru was arrested and put in prison. On being released, he and the young Indira came to visit Burma and stayed with my father for three weeks. Nehru gave copies of his books “Letters to a daughter” and “Glimpses of India”. The first book was signed by both the father and the daughter.

When U Myint Thein was arrested by Ne Win, the MI (Military Intelligence) people came, ransacked and took away many of my father’s books. We did not know why the Nehru books, books by Jung and Freud, a complete collection of Gandhi’ speeches, law books and even some books of fairy tales were taken.

Father was told that the books would be returned after some time but they never came back. May be most of them were illiterate and could not read them.

Father knew Nataji very well. Apart from members of the Indian community, my father visited him often in the Mandalay jail where he was imprisoned from 1924 to 1925. Later U Myint Thein also did the same.

In Burma not just the barrister but also eminent lawyers entered politics:

Dr. Ba Maw, MA Calcutta, LL D Bordeaux

U Pu, Barrister at Law

Dr Ba U, MA, LL D (Cambridge).

Non-separation versus Separation

During the separation movement, Dr. Ba Maw, Rambyae U Maung Maung and my father U Kyaw Myint founded a political party. They were for non-separation.

U Ba Pe (a journalist), Barrister U Pu and U Shein were for separation from India. U Ba Pe was the founder of the Burmese Newspaper: Thuriya (the Sun). Their stand was for separation from India.

During the campaigning, U Ba Pe called his faction as “Pe Pu Shein” the initials of the three leaders of their party. But he addressed my father’s party as “Maw Myint Byae” – the “byae” was a derogatory word meaning “disorderly”.

Due to standing for non-separation, father did not win in the next legislative assembly and returned to his practice as a barrister.

Deciding late for standing in the election, the Kemmendine constituency went to another candidate. Father was given the Kungyangone constituency where he lost mainly because of his non-partition stance.

The positive side of standing for election in Kungyangone was that he met my mother. And married her.

The Eligible Bachelor and a Man About Town

Father returned to his practice as a barrister and became very busy. As Burma had been annexed to India, the Burmese Courts were under the judicial system of India.

There were many Indians businessman in Burma who had kept some of their enterprises in India. Father was traveling from Burma to appear before the courts in India. For some cases, Burma not having a Supreme Court at that time, he had to travel to New Dehli from time to time.

Being an eligible bachelor had “dalliances” with young ladies but never serious except for a couple of them: Daw Yin May and Daw Khin Khin Gyi. As both my father as well as the two ladies had passed away, I think I could write a few sentences about my father’s love life!

One of the main reasons he stayed a bachelor was because of his three younger sisters, Daw Khin Mya Mu, Daw Khin Saw Mu and Daw Tin Saw Mu. Grandfather had remarried and the step mother was very unkind to father’s sisters. In spite of grandfather objections, father took them under his wings and they lived together in Lewis Street Rangoon.

Father and Daw Yin May did have a serious relationship. I was told by one of father’s previous staff that, father would as much as possible visit Daw Yin May in the evenings whenever she was less busy. She was then living in the house in the Dufferin Hospital compound.

Father had left his job as a judge to enter politics. According to my father, she asked father what would happen then. It was about the time when Nehru was in jail. He said there could a chance of being imprisoned.

Due to this uncertainty, Daw Yin broke her relationship with my father and eventually married Col. Min Sein.

When they were still favouring each other, father sent a bouquet of flower to Daw Yin May every day.

According to Prof. Daw Hla Kyi, Daw Yin May told her about receiving daily bouquets from father. She said that she also received flowers every day from the gardener of the hospital!

Prof. Daw Hla Kyi was from Pegu and her father worked under my grandfather in Pegu. She had many stories of my father and his three brothers.

Father also had a relationship with Daw Khin Khin Gyi but again he was looking after his sisters on top of being involved in politics.

Father told me that Daw Khin Khin Gyi asked him to give a pair of velvet slippers from Mandalay adorned with semiprecious stones. This he did get a pair (setting semiprecious stones into the slippers was not easy and they were more expensive).

She married lCS U Shwe Baw. Father told me that he was very happy that both of them got married to very good men.

Dr. Daw Yin Yin Nwe asked me when did my father got to become a life long friend the princes of Shan State.

And below is the answer.

At the time, Shan States were different in governance to the mainland Burma. The British allowed the Sawbwas to retain their status and administer and govern as before. But the British foresaw that it would be to the advantage of the Shans to be part of Burma even though the Shan rulers were more closer and related to the kings of Thailand.

Father was appointed as the legal (constitutional) adviser to the Shan rulers. He had to travel to the Shan States and explain why a constitution would be drafted even before getting independence. That a consultation and an agreement would be made (which would be the Pinlon conference).

Father was helping the Shan royalties to understand definitely how things would be or should not be when the time came.

It was a lengthy process as father was going to each of the Sawbwas and later as a group.

The Mongrai family was related to the Thai royalty and efforts were made so that they would stay in the Union of Burma, with state governance for the Shans.

During his visits he stayed with Nyaung Shwe Sawbwa and came very close to Sao Shwe Thaike. Similarly he became very close with the Sawbwas of Kengtung and Sipaw.

I would like to mention two ladies who had made their marks in not just in the history of the Shan States and the Sawbwas, bit also internationally.

They were:

Daw Mi Mi Khaing : educationalist/author

Sao Ohn Nyunt: paintings of her by Sir Gerald Kelly became international renowned, for her beauty and demeanor: I have put up only right of the paintings by Kelly.

The two photos in black and white are photos of Daw Mi Mi Khaing, again good friends with father.

Interludes

Interlude (1) : Daw Phwa Hmi

She was Burma’s first barrister at Law from Inner Temper Inn. She became my aunt when she married U Myint Thein. My uncle was an eligible young man, Cambridge graduate and barrister at Law (Lincoln’s Inn). They would be the first Burmese couple to be barristers. How did they meet?

While working at the Burma Club and studying to be called to the Bar, father had taken down very complete notes on various laws and on trials that he observed in courts. Father unlike me had a very fine and readable writing. Younger Burmese preparing for the Bar exams used his notes even when he went home.

One evening, U Myint Thein was at the Club to borrow the notebooks. He found that it was already taken by a lady. He got to know her by him telling her that he was the brother of the person who wrote the Notes. And gentlemanly let the books be taken by the lady. He also offered to come to wherever she was residing to collect the books and return them to the Club.

The “young lady” was no other than Daw Phwa Hmi. Letting her have the notes first, offering to collect them from her residence just my uncle’s ploy to get to know about this young lady!

In the pretext of studying together, he became very friendly with her. Both were called to the Bar about the same time. Ba Dwe wooed her and was accepted so that they were to get married on return.

Father was told about his engagement and was asked to prepare for the wedding. But on his way back by ship, father had just reached Aden he received an urgent telegram from his younger brother:

“HAVE MET EVA. STOP. MARRYING HER SOON. STOP. CAN YOU MARRY MA PHWA HMI IN MY PLACE. ENDS

Father was very upset and sent back the following telegram:

YR TELEGRAM RECEIVED. STOP. AM SUEING YOU FOR BREACH OF PROMISE. STOP. ON BEHALF OF MA PHWA HMI. ENDS.

At that time, if a gentleman after betrothal, would not marry the lady, he could be sued and would be usually ordered by the court to give substantive amount of cash to the lady. And gentlemen’s clubs could “black ball” him and would lose memberships of the clubs.

U Myint Thein knew that his elder brother would and could do as per the telegram. He came back and married Daw Phwa Hmi. Father was upset because his brother would not keep his promise to not only a fellow barrister but the country’s first woman barrister.

Sadly, they had not any children. My aunt got pregnant, difficult labour during which she had what must had been amniotic embolism that caused a stroke and she was left with paralysis on one side of her body. The baby did not survive.

P.S. Eva, the English lady whom my uncle would like to marry, kept in touch with him. She died two years later of cancer. My aunt magnanimously allowed my uncle to put a framed photo of Eva on the mantelpiece in their dining room.

Interlude (2) : Daw Mi Mi Khaing

She was a prominent educator and writer.

During the British times, the Sawbwas were initially living on levies from their subjects and the income for mining of silver.

Their eyes were opened by seeing bright young men like U Kyaw Myint as well as how these Western educated young men were holding important jobs,, They wanted their sons to have similar education. As mining was important, few of the Shan princes were sent to University of Colorado to get degrees in Geology.

Saopha Kuang Kiao Intakeng, father of Sao Sai Mong Mangrai, decided to send his son Sao Sai Mong Mangrai for studies in the West. He studied at the University of London, Cornell University, University of Michigan. Cambridge. He became famous as historian, scholar, linguist, lexicographer of the Shan script and language. His most well known publication was “Shan States and British Annexation” published by Cornell.

Sai Saing Mong met and married Daw Mi Mi Khaing, the first Burmese lady to write about Burmese Culture and traditions in English.

Well known publications of Daw Mi Mi Khaing were:

• Burmese Family: University of Indiana 1962
• Cook and Entertain the Burmese way 1973, Karoma Publishers.
• The World of Burmese Women 1984
• People of the Golden Land
• Burmese Characters and Customs 1958
• Burmese Names and a guide 1955

And many more: the most well known of her books was “Burmese Family”.

And many more articles in various English magazines and periodicals.

Daw Mi Mi Khaing was also very well known for the Kanbawza College.

There was earlier a College in Taunggyi only for the son’s of the sawbwas.

Daw Mi Mi Khaing opened the first private college in Burma, in the Shan States, a school very much like the well known colleges of England. (My elder brother attended this college after he studied at the St. Joseph College in Darjeeling India).

I did not meet either of them but learn about both from my father telling me about the two famous intellectuals.

I only had the good fortune to meet and know of their brilliant daughter Dr. Yin Yin Nwe PhD (Cantab) doctorate in geology. Due to the connections between the Shan Lords and my father, I got to know members of the Mangrai family, and Yin became a “sister” to me.

The daughter took after both parents, worked for many years in UNICEF and currently a well sought adviser on development in many countries.

Most of what I knew was from my father and from my uncle U Myint Thein, who succeeded my father as the legal adviser to the Shan princes. When my father got appointed as a High Court Judge, his younger brother to take over his responsibilities in the Shan State.

POST SCRIPT:

1. My father became close friends with the families of the Sawbwas , Mahadevis, other consorts. And he was showered with gifts, mainly products of the Shan States. This included many silk cloths and other woven clothes for his “Gaung Paung” headdresses, shirts, jackets and long gyi.

All of these became very handy during the Japanese Occupation: mother told me that dress materials were very scant during this period. Most of the clothes that my mother, my sisters and other members of the family were by using these gifts given to father.

Other source was material from parachutes.

2. There was one episode told me without mentioning names. One of the wives of a Prince eloped with a member of the household staff. The Prince was so upset. My father was there at that time. He asked my father to get back his wife (also a close friend of father). Father said he gave his car, a driver and a bodyguard who was armed. He asked my father to persuade her to come back. Failing this the bodyguard was to shoot both of them.

Father caught up with them before they have reached May Myo. The lady told father about why she had left. Father stopped the body guard from harming them and the two left. He went back and told the prince that they must have left early and could not catch them in time.

I was very intrigued with what father told me.

Request for corrections

I have been jotting down what I remember about my father. He had led a very full life.

If there are mistakes in my writings please let me know and correct me. I will change or delete the affected parts as needed.

I do not want to hurt people’s feelings. My memory is not as good as before. I forget some names and events from the past.

Writing about my father and the family is in some way catharsis for me. It is also very poignant because memories about what happened on 2nd March 1962. The dark day in Burma left psychological scars on the family.

It was also sad to experience 8-8-88 and the aftermath. I had to resign from my job in 1990 and eventually leave our country.

With Metta,
Thane Oke Kyaw-Myint

More to come

Before I write further, I reread the following books, as I would like write about

1. assassination of Aung San and associates, as my father was the Chairman of the Special Tribunal
2. assassination of U Tin Tut, my father’s elder brother
3. Why my father resigned from the Supreme court, in protest

The books are:

1. A History of Burma by Dr Htin Aung (my father’s younger brother)
2. The River of Lost Footsteps by Thant Myint U
3. Eliminate the Elite by U Kin Oung
4. A Burmese Heart by Daw Tinsar Maw Naing
5. Golden Parasol by Wendy Law-Yone
6. Biography of Commissioner of Police (Rest.) U Ba Aye. (In Burmese)