HlaMin

Category: Uncategorized

  • Notes 2

    Notes 2

    by Hla Min

    Updated : May 2026

    June 1963
    • Terms
      Some terms (e.g. Class, Intake, HCF) that are used in my posts are defined and elaborated.
    • Language
      The are natural languages and programming languages. In our student days, there were only a handful of programming languages.
      It is important to understand and master concepts.
    • Meaning
      Some words have multiple meanings. Meanings change over usage and time. A harmless word in American English might have bad connotation in British English, and vice-versa.
    • Vocabulary
      It is advantageous to have a good vocabulary. One may listen to a podcast (e.g. Merriam Webster’s Word of the day).
    • Luyechun
      The Ministry of Education ran the “Outstanding Students” program from the Summer of 1964 to 1988.

    Class

    • The term generally refers to the year of graduation.
    • The Class of 69 refers to the alumni from the academic year 1968 – 69, who graduated in 1969.
      The Class of 69++ will also include some alumni who took “sabbatical” (“waso”) and graduated a year or two later.

    Intake

    • The term generally refers to the year when the group was admitted to RIT, YIT, or YTU.
    • Most from the 1st BE Intake of 64 graduated in 1970. Most from the 1st BE Intake of 65 graduated in 1971. The Combined 1st BE Intake of 64 and 65 has held Reunion and Acariya Pu Zaw Pwe for nearly two decades.
    • Some Intakes unfortunately lost three years of their schooling, since the institute was “closed” for three years (from 1988 to 1990).

    Burma Institute of Technology (BIT)

    • The engineering school moved to the Gyogone Campus in 1961. BIT was still under the aegis of Rangoon University.
      U Yone Mo was Dean, Faculty of Engineering, Rangoon University.
    • Note: AIT (Asian Institute of Technology) might have been dubbed SEATO (South East Asian Treaty Organization) School of Engineering (or equivalent).

    Rangoon Institute of Technology (RIT)

    • BIT was renamed as Rangoon Institute of Technology in 1964.
    • The intention was to have Mandalay Institute of Technology and more.
    • Under the then New Education System, RIT became an independent Institute along with other professional Institutes. Rangoon University was renamed as RASU (Rangoon Arts and Science University)
    • I am not sure why it was not renamed as BIT (Rangoon Campus) a la IIT [Indian Institute of Technology]

    Yangon Institute of Technology (YIT)

    • Another name change occurred to be in line with the Naming Policy to refrain from using names from the Colonial Era.
    • Note: The Naming Policy did NOT have a grandfather clause. Some “old” books could not be re-published without the name changes. For example, “Trials in Burma” was forced to be re-titled “Trials in Myanmar”.

    Yangon Technological University (YTU)

    • There was another name change to YTU.
    • It may be to sound similar to NTU in Singapore.

    Swel Daw Yeik

    • It is a synonym for RIT and the engineering schools preceding and succeeding it. The term became established at the Golden Jubilee Celebrations of Rangoon University in 1970, when the Ah Nu Pyinnyar Shins of RIT took part as “Swel Daw Yeik Troupe [Ah Nyeint]”.
    • During the Adhamma Era, Swel Daw Bins were razed from the so-called “Tha Bone Kyaung” (which is a disparaging term to describe “Thamudaya Kyaung”).
    • With the dawning of the “Pwint Linn Era”, 50 Swel Daw Bins were planted to commemorate the Shwe YaDu in 2014.
    • There are many artifacts with “Swel Daw Yeik” in their name and spirit.
      They include :
      Commemorative Swel Daw Yeik Sar Saung
      Commemorative Swel Daw Yeik Magazine
      Swel Daw Yeik Foundation (SDYF)

    Health Care Fund (HCF)

    There are several HCFs. They include :

    • Steeve and Helen Kay Heath Care Fund for RIT Sayas and Sayamas
    • U Khin Maung Tun’s Family’s Eye-care for RIT Sayas and Sayamas
    • SDYF which now also handles to two funds described above
    • Class-wide HCFs (e.g. Class of 69, Class of 70 & 71, Class of 72, and Intake of 83)

    There has been some changes with to the Health Care of Sayas and Sayamas.

    • Hospitalization still has the highest priority
    • Case-by-case consideration for sayas and sayamas who have to visit clinics frequently
    • Eligible sayas and sayamas (age 60+) can have Annual medical check ups
    • If funds are available, spouses of eligible sayas and sayamas can also have Annual medical check ups.

    Alumni Association of RIT/YIT/YTU (RITAA)

    • The Association has provided SAYA’S CORNER. Tea and coffee are served.
    • Life membership dues is K60000.
    • The Association is coordinating the “Library Modernization Project”

    Languages

    There are natural languages (e.g. English, French, German) and programming languages (e.g. Java, Scala).

    Context

    • Noam Chomsky, a famous linguist, defined the Chomsky Hierarchy for languages and grammars.
    • Natural languages are usually Context Sensitive. A word often has multiple meanings based on the context.
    • Most programming languages are Context Free.

    Language

    A language has

    • Syntax : rules for forming well defined constructs
      Sample syntax : A sentence is a sequence of (a) Subject (b) Verb (c) Object.
    • Semantics : meaning
    • Pragmatics : usage

    We had to study English Grammar books (e.g. Wren and Martin) and Myanmar Thaddar မြန်မာသဒ္ဒါ by U Pe Maung Tin.

    The Burmese language has a structure similar to the Japanese language, but has a structure quite different to the English language.

    • Kyundaw Kyaung Thoe Thwa Thee (in Burmese) ကျွန်တော်ကျောင်းသို့သွားသည်
    • I School To Go (word for word translation into English is not correct).
    • I Go To School (slightly different structure is needed for the correct translation).

    Meaning

    The meaning of words can change with time.

    In the early days, a computer is a person who computes (e.g. tables for firing artillery). Even in some NASA projects, astronauts ask expert mathematicians (including a black female) to compute trajectories to check against the calculations made by electronic computers in the space capsule.

    Also, a compiler is a person who compiles data (e.g. historical data).

    During our UCC days, several computer books were ordered through the Trade Corporation (and related departments). Some one sent a book “Compiler Construction for Digital Computers” to the Ministry of Construction, and another book “The Anatomy of a Compiler” to the Institute of Medicine.

    iPad and iPhone are designed and manufactured by Apple.

    The trademark iPad belongs to Fujitsu. Former colleagues of mine worked on Fujitsu’s Intelligent Pad (iPad). The trademark was transferred to Apple.

    The trademark iPhone belongs to Cisco, which experimented with “Internet Phone” (or equivalent). The trademark was transferred to Apple.

    Vocabulary

    Children are not shy and tend to pick up words — often in multiple languages — quickly and easily.

    As people grow older, most tend to live within their comfort zone.

    Such people probably add only 10 – 20 new words a year.

    Effort

    To expand or refine one’s vocabulary, one must take extra effort.

    In our younger days, we learn from a Reader’s Digest section “It pays to increase your word power” by Wilfred Funk, co-compiler of a dictionary.

    We read Vocabulary Books which cover a lesson a day for three to six weeks. We also get tested along the way.

    With the rise of Broadcasting and Internet, it is much easier to grow one’s vocabulary.

    We can

    • subscribe to Merriam Webster for “Word of the Day”.
    • listen to “Word for the Wise” by NPR (National Public Radio).
    • use “Visual Dictionary” and “Visual Thesaurus”.

    Lu Ye Chun

    Beginning

    The Lu Ye Chun (Outstanding Student) Program was established in 1964.

    Eligible students from 7th Standard to 10th Standard were chosen to attend the Ngapali Lu Ye Chun Camp.

    The Lu Ye Chuns include

    • Ko Win Aung (M70)
    • Ma Pwint Than (EP71)
    • Ko Kyaw Zaw (EP72)
    • Ko Win Myint (UCC)

    Extension

    The Lu Ye Chun Program was extended in 1965 for eligible students from Universities and Institutes.

    There were three Camps
    (a) Inlay Camp for high school and university students
    (b) Ngapali Camp for middle school students
    (c) Rangoon “Combined” Camp

    Inlay Lu Ye Chun

    This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is 1010-a.jpg
    Inlay 1965 a
    This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is 1010-b.jpg
    Inlay 1965 b
    This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is 1010-c.jpg
    Inlay 1965 c
    This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is 1010-d.jpg
    Inlay 1965 d

    I was selected as RIT Lu Ye Chun for the Inlay Camp along with Ko Sein Shwe, Ko Zaw Min and Ma Khin Than Myint Tin (Margaret).

    Grapevine says that a 3rd BE student had schedule conflicts to attend the Lu Ye Camp.

    As a senior student, Ko Sein Shwe was given one Bar. I received three Stripes. Margaret received two Stripes.

    Ko Kyaw Sein Koe (Victor, GBNF), Ma Anita Aye Pe, Ko Khin Maung U and Ma Than Than Tin (Cherry) were selected as Lu Ye Chun for IM(1).

    Ko Soe Aung (IM2, elder brother of Ko Soe Myint [UCC], Ko Aung Kyee Myint (Agri), Ko Tun Naung (BDS), Ko Min Oo (Mathematics), Ko Ye Myint (Chemistry), Ko Myint Thein (Physics), Ko Soe Lwin (Physics), and Ko Tin Hlaing (Lay Dwin Thar Saw Chit, Burmese) were Lu Ye Chun for their respective disciplines.

    Those from Matriculation include Ko Win Myint, Ko Aung Win, Uttam Singh, and Ma Pwint Than. They joined RIT.

    Others include :
    Ko Aung Shwe (brother of Tekkatho Phone Naing), Ko Than Sit (GBNF), Ko Aung Kyaw Nyunt, Ko Aung Myint, Ko Thein Lwin, and Nelson Kaw.

    Multiple Lu Ye Chun

    Some were selected Lu Ye Chun for two or more years. They include

    • Dr. Khin Maung U
    • Dr. Thynn Thynn Lin
    • Dr. Pe Thet Khin

    Camp Staff

    In the beginning some officials from “Lu Nge Ye Yar” လူငဇယ့်ရေးရာ served as Camp Commander and staff (for Logistics).

    Selected University teachers (e.g. Dr. Daw May May Yi, Daw Po) and High School teachers (e.g. U Aung Gyi, U Khin Aung) were assigned to manage the Lu Ye Chun students. Some (e.g. U Than Tun Aung Hlaing, U Khin Maung Htwe) were chosen to lead some activities (e.g. Volleyball).

    A medical doctor (e.g. Naing Tint San) was assigned to take care of the health of the Camp attendees.

    Later, Sayagyis (e.g. U Ba Toke) served as Camp Commander.

    Visiting Lecturers

    U Thein Han (Zawgyi) and Dr. Nyi Nyi are among the Visiting Lecturers for our Inlay Camp.

    In 1988, I was invited to be a Visiting Lecturer at the Ngapali Camp along with Saya U Kyaw Myint (Physics, DHE).

    End

    The Lu Ye Chun Program ended in 1988.

    Reunion

    A few years back, a formal Reunion of Luyechuns from 1965 – 1988 took place.

    I met Saya Ko Aung Win at Yangon SPZP.

    I had phone contact with Dr. Uttam Singh (known as Uttam S Gill, NASA).

    I had a surprise reunion with Ko Win Myint at the dinner hosted by Ko Wai Lwin and Ko Nyan Tun U for Sayagyi Dr. Aung Gyi and selected sayas attending the SPZP in Yangon. Ko Wai Lwin invited Ko Ohn Khine and me to attend the gathering.

    Bogyoke Win Myint was then Deputy Minister of Construction. He told me that he was inspired by Ko Sein Shwe to join RIT and that he had published some books.

  • Notes 3

    by Hla Min

    Updated : May 2026

    First Pagoda in the USA

    U Thilawuntha

    Dat Paung Zon Aung Min Gaung Saya U Thilawunta (also fondly known as “Mon Sayadaw”) built the first pagoda in the USA on the Alleghany Mountains.

    The American devotee, who permitted the pagoda to be constructed on his land, passed away.

    Grapevine says that there were plans to contact the current owners to ask permission to renovate the pagoda or to relocate the pagoda.

    Later pagodas include the ones at Kaba Aye Taung Pulu monastery in Boulder Creek, California.

    This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is Oldest-Pagoda-in-USA.jpg
    Pagoda in USA

    Food For Thought

    • Listening, evaluation and feedback are important for effective communication.
    • The salutations are context and culture dependent.
    • A visiting Professor from Germany wanted to be addressed as “Professor Doctor”.
    • Saya Allen Htay told us that he could not use “Mr” during his stay in Netherlands. He was asked to use “Ingr” (based on his profession).
    • Grapevine says that the early surgeons in the UK were not necessarily doctors, and so they did not force people to address them as Dr.
    • Some overuse the “Like” button in Facebook. It is puzzling to see many Likes in an Obituary posting.
    • One should be aware of “opt-in” versus “opt-out” options.
    • Malicious software industry is responsible for losses (in down time, data corruption, identity theft, …) in the billions. The penalty of offenders is “peanuts” compared to drug dealers in most countries.
    • “To err is human. To forgive divine.” I like another version. “To err is human. To really goof, use a computer.”
    • I have made intentional and unintentional errors. Thanks to my colleagues, friends and readers for catching and correcting them.
    • Word processors also introduce some errors by correcting legal Burmese words and names. e.g. “Nwe” becomes “New” when auto-corrected. A work around is to add such words to a private dictionary for use by the word processor.
    • Without analysis of context, a program cannot decide whether you meant “goal” (objective) or “gaol” (alternative spelling for jail).
    • Inconsistencies are not easy to detect. For example, if I write about Saya U Shwe Hlaing for two posts : “Names — Shwe” and “Names — Hlaing”, the contents may not be exactly the same. I use FB for convenience (e.g. getting rapid feedback), but it is not designed for cross-referencing posts.
    • When I am not sure about an alumnus’s year of graduation or discipline, I use X for “unknown or unsure”. Most of the time, I get corrected by the readers.
    • There is no “hard and fast” rule for including or excluding names in my posts. The coverage may not be uniform for the names mentioned. My posts are not complete for “Who’s who in Burma and Myanmar?”
    • I am not consistent in tagging friends in my posts.

    U Khin Maung Zaw (EC76) wrote :

    One of the issues with Burmese names, is that there are more than one way to spell it in English, like Tun vs Htun. We used to have two ထွန်းအောင်ကျော် (I left U/Ko on purpose of clarity not for the lack of respect). One spells his name as Tun Aung Gyaw; the other as Htun Aung Kyaw. Hence they are been distinguished as TAG and HAK.

    I used to have a god-grandmother here in US in the early days – she passed some years back, may her soul RIP. We, myself and U Min Maung (EP68), jokingly told her to make sure she spelled our name MAUNG in her will. Khin Mg Zaw may not be the same as Khin Maung Zaw in legalese.

    First RIT Alumni Website

    Posted in 1999 by Maurice Chee (Hla Myint Thein, M75)

    As the Treasurer of the Bay Area RIT Alumni Group, I am pleased to announce the names of financial supporters whose donations have been helpful in taking care of the RIT Alumni web site maintenance.

    • Saya U Nyo Win (a) Kim Chen (M65) US$ 120
    • Saya Allen Htay (C58) US$ 120
    • Saya U Myat Htoo (C68) US$ 120
    • Saya U Thein Aung (a) James Wu (Met72) US$ 120
    • U Benny Tan (M70) US$ 120
    • U Maurice Chee (M75) US$ 120
    • U Gordon Kaung (M83) US$120
    • Saya K. C. Chiu (a) Dr. Tin Aung (ChE63) US$ 120
    • Saya George Chan (a) U Maung Maung (ChE66) US$ 120
    • U Hla Min (EC69) US$ 120
    • U Daniel Tint Lwin (M69, Singapore) US$ 100
    • U Ivan Lee (a) U Khin Maung Oo (M69, New Jersey) US$ 360
    • Saya U Soe Paing (EE,), Daw Saw Yu Tint (T69) US$ 120

    Note: –

    Saya U K. C. Chiu’s donation included U Htin Paw (EE58), Mr. Patrick Chin (M70), and U Kyi Kong Tham (C63)

    U Hla Min’s donation included S$50 donated by Saya U Aung Myint (M69, Singapore Polytechnic)

    Webmaster’s Note :

    The hard cost of hosting the RIT Alumni website with a hosting company is US24.95 per month. This costs does not include time and efforts put in by various people. The initial set up and programming effort took about five to six weekends, remember we do have day jobs. It takes an average of three to ten hours a week for routine content maintenance and program enhancements.

    Editor’s Note:

    U Khin Maung Zaw designed and maintained the web site. He was then working four 10-hour days and spent nights and weekends to get the sayas and alumni connected virtually and later physically at SPZP-2000. He was one of the eligible bachelors. He was then employed by Microsoft. He also found his true love and set up a loving family. It was a loss for RIT Alumni International.

    He is now retired and is providing feedback on my posts.

    Professor Robert W (Bob) Floyd
    (June 8, 1936 – September 25, 2001)

    He received his BA at the age of 17, and another BS in 1958 (working and studying part time) from the University of Chicago.

    He taught and researched at two prestigious universities : Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) and Stanford University.

    He was recommended to by Professor Donald Ervin Knuth (winner of Grace Murray Hopper Award, and ACM Turing Award) to become the Chairman, Department of Computer Science, Stanford University.

    Knuth said, “any of the papers he had written could be taken as a doctoral dissertation “. Floyd’s pioneering papers included graph algorithms, compiling techniques, tree data structures, and proof of program correctness.

    He supervised several doctoral students.

    He was also awarded the prestigious ACM Turing Award, which is considered the Nobel Prize in Computing.

    His biography, citation for the ACM Turing Award and the Award Lecture can be read from the ACM web site.

    Silicon Valley

    In the early days of computing, manufacturers of magnetic devices (core memory, tapes, disks and drums) than silicon [dioxide based] devices. Some said that “Magnetic Valley” might be a more appropriated name than “Silicon Valley”.

    Several factors are attributed to the birth and the culture of Silicon Valley.

    Professor [later Dean] Frederick Terman joined Stanford University instead of the more established ones in the East because of his health. He is known for (a) encouraging his students such as Hewlett, Packard and the Varian brothers to become entrepreneurs (b) leasing land owned by the University to the fledgling companies (c) making agreements with the companies to hire his students and/or send employees to attend courses at the University.

    The oft-told story is about William Shockley (Nobel Prize winner for co-inventing the transistor) and his decision to set up “Shockley Labs”. He was brilliant but not so good at nurturing his employees. This led the “Traitorous Eight (including Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore)” to join Fairchild semiconductors. Noyce and Moore later co-founded Intel (Integrated Electronics) with Andy Grove.  The ability to move around companies is a good aspect of the Silicon Valley culture.

    The entrepreneurship (initiated by Professor Terman) lives on. Yahoo, Google and several other companies were founded by Stanford alumni.

    Some pointed out Harvard, MIT, and Cornell produced early computers (e.g. Mark I) and disciplines (e.g. Time sharing system, AI Lab, Computer Graphics, Machine Vision).  Their alumni also founded computer companies (e.g. DEC).

    So, what defines “Silicon Valley”?

  • Notes 9

    Notes 9

    by Hla Min

    Updated : May 2026

    U Lun (Thakin Kodaw Hmaing)

    • Principal, Ah Myo Tha Kaw Leik (အမျိုးသားကောလိပ် National College)
    Amyotha Kaw Leik

    U Than Tun

    • Father of Ashin Pannagavesaka (Bobby Myo Tun, A69)
    • He passed away in his late 90s.
    Than Tun

    U Han Zaw

    • Retired minister
    • Spouse: Daw Thwin Thwin Aye Hmi (A69)
    Han Zaw

    U Ba Khin

    • He matriculated from St. Paul’s High School and was First in the whole of Burma.
    • He was the first native Auditor General. He also managed four Directorates.
    • He is a renowned Vipassana teacher. His teacher was Saya Thet. His disciple was Goenkaji.
    Talks by U Ba Khin

    U Thein Oo

    • He transferred from Commerce Department to UCC.
    • He founded MCC with U Tin Win Aung, and Ace with his spouse Daw Than Than Tint.
    • He is Past President of MCF.
    Thein Oo

    Dr. Thein Htut and Dr. Nyunt Win

    • Dr. Thein Htut is the son of Colonel Min Sein and Dr. Daw Yin May (first Triple FRCS). He is RUBC Gold.
    • Dr. Nyunt Win (Eddie, GBNF) is the grandson of U Po Sa.
    • They moved to Australia.
    Nyunt Win & Thein Htut

    Theikpan Maung Wa

    • ICS U Sein Tin
    • First student in Masters course for Burmese
    • Author
    • Cofounded Khit San Sar Pay with Zawgyi and Minthuwun
    Theikpan Maung Wa

    San Shwe Myint

    • Character created by Cartoon Myint Thein

    Pathan

    • By Ashin Nandamarlabhivansa (Ph.D)

    Pediatricians

    • Credit: Dr. Thane Oke Kyaw Myint

    RASU Rowing

    • Credit: Dr. Nyan Taw

    Roll of Honor

    • Donors for YTU Library Modernization

    UNSG (United Nations Secretary General)

    • U Thant was the 3rd UNSG and the First Asian UNSG.

    University Athletes

    • They represented Burma in the Second SEAP Games (Rangoon, December 1961)
    • Credit: Dr. Richard Yu Khin

    U Wun

    • Laureate Poet — Minthuwun
    • Lexicographer — မြန်မာအဘိဓာန်
    • Cofounder of Khit San Sar Pay with Zawgyi and Theikpan Maung Wa
    • Head, RU Translation
    • Professor at RU; Visiting Professor at Osaka University

    U Kyaw Mya Thein (Phy, ICST)

    • He wrote “Kar Ku La Thinchar” (Calculus in Burmese).
    • He retired as Pro-Rector of ICST.

    U Kyaw Myint (Phy, DHE)

    • He retired as DG of DHE.
    • The photo was taken at a fundraiser for his Foundation.
  • Notes 10

    Notes 10

    by Hla Min

    Updated : May 2026

    Bro Clementian

    Teaching and Learning

    Teaching is only one aspect. A teacher learns by teaching and receiving feedback from the students. A teacher should be a life long learner.

    Learning is another aspect. We should not encourage Rote Learning and mindless repetition. “Learning how to learn” and similar courses propose efficient and effective techniques.

    Degree

    Liberal education is usually offered at the Bachelor’s level.

    A university degree was necessary for getting decent jobs. Now, there are some companies that do not mandate a university degree for selected jobs.

    Disciplines

    In the beginning, there were no computers and no Computer Science. Among the computer pioneers were engineers, mathematicians, physicists, psychologists, and linguists.

    Edgser W. Dijkstra, who won the ACM Turing Award (equivalent of Nobel Prize in Computer Science), had to put “Theoretical Physicist” in his marriage license instead of “Programmer” or “Computer Scientist”.

    The same is true for any emerging discipline.

    Research and Development transcends multiple disciplines. It requires collaboration.

    Main Facebook pages

    • For relatives and close friends
    • For not-so-close friends
    • RIT Updates

    Member of selected pages

    • Old Burma
    • RIT Updates
    • Lifelong Learning
    • Memories
    • Myanmar

    I used to be a member of the following:

    • ကံ့ကော်မြေ (ရာပြည့်တက္ကသိုလ်)
    • စကားပရိယာယ်
    • စွယ်တော်ရိပ်ဖေါင်ဒေးရှင်း
    • NorCal RITAA
    • P.B.R.S Group
    • RIT 69ers
    • Team Old School IT
    • YUBC Old Members
    • Buddhism Q&A

    Proper use of “Like” button

    • Some users use the “Like” button indiscriminately.
    • Puzzled to see Likes in an Obituary posting. Shouldn’t one be sad?
    • Before clicking “Like”, check if the posting is current or old, and determine if the contents are really likeable.

    Malware

    • Malicious software industry is responsible for losses (in down time, data corruption, identity theft) in the billions.
    • According to one report, the industry is more profitable and safer than the drug dealing.
    • The penalty of offenders for malicious software is “peanuts” (e.g. little or no jail time) compared to drug dealers (e.g. life imprisonment and death penalty) in most countries.

    Option

    • One should be aware of “opt-in” versus “opt-out” options.
    • Many do not read “fine print”.

    Retire vs. Re-tire

    • U Thaung Sein (Steeve Kay, EC70) is a Multiple Golden Sponsor of SPZPs.
    • He told me, “You should not retire. You may re-tire (as in re-threading a tire). We will try to support you and your projects
    • I am retired from working to make ends meet.
    • I am re-tiring as long as my physical and mental health permit.
    • Took a few on-line courses (for credit) Too taxing and slow; Opted to audit 100+ courses (covering many subjects)
    • Listen to one Blinkist every day
    • Listened to Merriam Webster’s Word of the day (WOTD) Podcast every day.
    • Ride stationary bike for 30 minutes every day.
    • Write or revise several posts every day.

    Salutation

    • Context and culture dependent.
    • We call some old unrelated people as “Uncle” and “Auntie”.
    • At St. Paul’s High School, we call our sayas without the formal U. e.g. Saya Sein
    • I was reprimanded by a reader for writing Saya Aung Khin instead of Saya U Aung Khin or Sayagyi U Aung Khin.
    • A visiting German wanted to be addressed as “Professor Doctor” (not just Professor or Doctor).
    • Saya Allen Htay was told not use “Mr” in Netherlands. He was asked to use “Ingr” (for Engineer).
    • Early surgeons in the UK were not necessarily doctors. So they did not force people to address them as Doctor
    • People who have Honorary Doctorates usually put “Honoris Causa” (meaning the degree was awarded for esteem).

    Speed and Scope of Writing

    • A friend said, “You write too fast and too much. Slow down.”
    • A few said, “We have read every post”.
    • One said, “Cover topics of interest to the general reader, not just engineers and scientists”.
    • One can please some readers all of the time, and all readers some of the time, but one cannot please every reader all of the time.
    • I am just disseminating the teachings of Thin Sayas, Myin Sayas, Kyar Sayas

  • It seemed not long ago

    by Hla Min

    Updated : May 2026

    SF Bay Area Alumni Group

    Alumni Group
    • Standing:
      Saya U Maung Maung (George, ChE66), U Hla Min (EC69), Saya U Thein Aung (James, Met72), Saya Dr. Nyo Win (K H Chen, M65), Saya U Myat Htoo (C68), Benny Tan (Tan Yu Beng, M70)
    • Seated :
      U Kaung Kaung Oo (Gordon, M83), Saya Allen Htay (C58, GBNF), Saya Dr. Tin Aung (K C Chiu, ChE63), Maurice Chee (U Hla Myint Thein, M75)
    • Photographer : U Khin Maung Zaw (KMZ, EC76)

    Founding Members

    • Met at Benny’s house several times
    • Discussed the formation of “RIT Alumni International” to support the Newsletter and web site
    • Decided to hold a Grand Reunion and SPZP in October 2000
    SPZP-2000
    • Served as members of the Working Committee and Steering Committee for SPZP-2000

    Saya Allen Htay (GBNF)

    Saya Allen
    • Leader of the group
    • President of “RIT Alumni International”, which organized the First RIT Grand Reunion and Saya Pu Zaw Pwe in San Francisco, California, USA in October 2000.
    • His classic article, “Brother, can you afford US $500?” was partly responsible for five Golden Sponsors, and the generous donations by sayas and alumni.
    • Retired three times. His former students U Thein Aung & U Myat Htoo coaxed him to un-retire twice.
    Saya Allen’s grandsons
    • Saya did not recover from a debilitating stroke. Did not live long enough to spend time with his grand children. One grandson had “Allen” as his first name. Another had “Allen” as his middle name.

    Saya K C Chiu (Dr. Tin Aung)

    Saya K C
    • Brother of Saya Dr. Aung Soe (C61)
    • Past President of BEA
    • After retirement, he relocated to Southern California.
    • He wrote : In early ‘80, Dr. Tin Win was working in Houston and came to the Bay Area on business trip. Dr. Tin Win was visiting me at home while Lily and I were discussing BEA matter. I believed they were meant for each other. The rest is history.

    Saya Dr. Nyo Win (K H Chen)

    Saya Nyo
    • Past President of BAPS
    • Core Organizer for SPZP-2000
    • Founding member of NorCal RITAA and served as a member BOD (Board of Directors)
    • Retired after working in high technology companies in the Silicon Valley & Taiwan

    Saya U Maung Maung (George)

    Saya George (Left)
    • Founding member of NorCal RITAA and served as the inaugural President.
    • Organized a fund raiser for the “Staff Training” component of “YTU Library Modernization”.

    Saya U Myat Htoo (C68)

    U Myat Htoo
    • Past President of Theravada Buddhist Society of America (TBSA)
    • Past President of Burmese American Democratic Alliance (BADA)
    • Founding member of NorCal RITAA; Served three terms as Chair, BOD of NorCal RITAA
    • Co-emcee of SPZP-2000
    • Plays the ukelele and piano. A favorite song is theparody of “Lost Neikban”.

    U Hla Min (Life Long Learner)

    Hla Min
    • Completed 26 years as Founder and Chief Editor of “RIT Alumni International Newsletter”
    • Editor and Content Provider of RIT Alumni websites
    • Chose to re-tire (re-thread) rather than retire (per Steeve’s suggestion)
    • Decided to pay back to his alma mater(s): RIT and UCC (per advice of spouse, sayas, colleagues & friends)
    • Wrote 40+ postings of “Memories of UCC” in three days during his vacation to Myanmar.
    • Owner, Admin and Moderator of hlamin.com web site & several Facebook groups.
    Screenshot
    • Broadcast 220+ Educational Videos on selected topics. Channel for YouTube is @hmin3664

    Benny Tan (Tan Eu Beng)

    Benny (Right)
    • Succeeded Dr. Nyo Win as President of BAPS.
    • Successful entrepreneur.
    • Multiple Golden Sponsor of SPZPs.
    • Designed the banner and mementos for SPZP-2000.
    • Now spending quality time with six grand children and taking trips & cruises around the world.

    Saya U Thein Aung (James)

    Set Hmu Maung
    • Mr. RIT in 1968. His mentor was Commander Maung Maung (Mr. Burma in 1947). A few years back, he handed over the “Sa-Lwe” for Mr. RIT68) to U Wynn Htain Oo (M72).
    • Co-emcee of SPZP-2000
    • Contributing Editor for BAPS Newsletter
    • Associate Editor of the Commemorative Issue of RIT Alumni Newsletter

    Maurice Chee (Hla Myint Thein)

    Maurice
    • Succeeded Benny as President of BAPS.
    • Wore multiple hats for SPZP-2000. Co-Chair of the Working Committee with Benny; Financial Controller; Published the commemorative issue of “RIT Alumni Newsletter”; Did name tags; Coordinated the culinary experts for the follow-up lunch gathering.
    • Founding member & Past Vice President of NorCal RITAA.
    • In August 2016, he organized the Soon Kway gathering at Dhammananda Vihara, Half Moon Bay for my birthday and to recognize my volunteer work.

    U Khin Maung Zaw (KMZ)

    KMZ (Second from Right)
    UCC-RIT Gathering
    • Belongs to three circles — St. Paul’s High School, RIT and and UCC — like Saya U Soe Paing and me.
    • Took the group photo
    • Designed and implemented http://www.ex-rit.org website, which contributed to the planning & implementation of SPZP-2000. Many contributed to “Count down to the Reunion” and “Post Reunion” pages. I wrote 64 posts for “Count down to the Reunion” and 36 posts for “Post Reunion”.
    • Was then an eligible bachelor; Worked four 10-hour days & had a three day weekend
    • His RIT web site was largely responsible for the success of SPZP-2000. Promised to have Version 2.0 of the web (with better features). Could not fulfill his promise.
    • Luckily for him, he moved to the challenging and lucrative job at Microsoft, and also became blessed with a wonderful family.

    U Kaung Kaung Oo (Gordon Kaung)

    Gordon (Center)
    • Youngest member of the group
    • Founded “Mechanical Solutions” in San Francisco
    • He and his spouse Lillian Kaung (EC83) later set up iNapa Winery & hosted RIT-related gatherings. The Winery survived two fires.
    • Founding member of NorCal RITAA; Succeeded U Maung Maung as President
    NorCal RIT Alumni Association
    • Donated Premium Wine bottles for selected events (e.g. the Annul Dinner and Summer Picnic for NorCal RITAA, 2005 RIT Alumni Reunion in Los Angeles).

  • Gatherings in Singapore

    by Hla Min

    Updated : Apr 2026

    April 2002

    U Moe Aung

    Saya U Moe Aung wrote :

    The first ever gathering of RIT Alumni in Singapore took place at NTU Lecture Theatre, Singapore, on 13 April 2001 (Thingyan Eve).

    A pamphlet was distributed to all who attended the ceremony full of songs and dances to mark the Burmese new year.

    This gathering was also done with the intention to hold a RIT SPZP in Singapore in 2002.


    SPZPs in Singapore

    Singapore alumni hosted

    • SPZP-2002 in December 2002
    • SPZP-2007 in April 2007
    • SPZP-2010 in December 2010

    Monthly Gathering of Seniors

    Singapore

    U Thein Lwin (EE, GBNF) is an alumnus of Lehigh University, USA. He taught at RIT and Singapore Polytechnic. He is the elder brother of U Myo Myint (ChE from USA), U Kyi Lwin (George, C67), U Tint Lwin (Daniel, M69) and U Thet Lwin (Henry, EE72).

    Daw May Than Nwe (GBNF) stood first in Physics Honors in 1962 and joined the faculty as Assistant Lecturer.

    Saya & Sayams passed away within a span of a few months.

    U Tu Myint (M) studied Bachelor & Masters in the UK. He supervised the M73 students for the Hovercraft Project. He taught at RIT and Singapore Polytechnic.

    U Kyaw Sein (M65, GBNF) was a moderator of Engineering Groups in Facebook.

    U Tint Lwin (Daniel, M69) is Retired Associate Professor of NTU. He helped the alumni to have meetings at NTU.

    U Myint Thin (M71, GBNF) is RIT Luyechun. He represented RIT in Rowing. He sponsored Sayagyi U Ba Than to attend SPZP-2007 in Singapore.

    U Nyan Win Shwe (M72) is a Past President of the Burma Club. He chaired SPZP-2007.

    U Tin Aung Win (M73) attends gatherings in Singapore. He joined U Tint Lwin to meet Saya U Ba Than (when he was visiting Singapore for medical check up).

    Gatherings

    Singapore 1
    Singapore 2
    Singapore 3

  • A – E

    by Hla Min

    Updated : Apr 2026

    Outline of Articles & Talks

    Apple ပန်းသီး

    • Adam’s Apple — Different size for male and female
    • Newton’s Apple — Folklore
    • Apple Computers — Steve Jobs & Steve Wozniak
    • Apple Music — Beatles
    • Apple Varieties — Over 100

    Ba Gyan ဘဂျမ်း၊ ဗဂျမ်း

    • Cartoonist ကာတွန်း — Cartoon displays during Tazaungdaing
    • Minister ဝန်ကြီး — Pagan U Ba Gyan survived 19th July 1947 with slight wounds to his finger
    • Poet ကဗျာဆရာ — Pen name: Tin Moe

    Ba Than ဘသန်း

    • Author / Translator — Dhammika ဓမ္မိက ဦးဘသန်း
    • Journalist — UPI (News Agency)
    • Mechanical Engineering Professor စက်မှုအင်ဂျင်နီယာ ပါမောက္ခ
    • Police Surgeon & later Rector ဆေးတက္ကသိုလ် ပါချုပ်
    • Harpist စောင်း ဦးဘသန်း

    Basketball ဘတ်စကက်ဘော

    • Black Cat ကြောင်နက် — Sam Wu
    • Burma မြန်မာ့ လက်ရွေးစင် — Thein Han (Maths, RIT)
    • RASU ဝ/သ — Black Cat အဖွဲ့သား တော်တော်များ
    • RIT စက်မှုတက္ကသိုလ် — Soe Win, Tommy Ah Nain, Han Sein (စိုးဝင်း — ခေါင်းဆောင်။ သုံးယောက်ကွယ်လွန်)
    • (ရှေး) RU ရန်ကုန်တက္ကသိုလ်
    • NBA — National Basketball Association
    • NCAA — National Collegiate Athletic Association
    • WNBA — Women’s National Basketball Association
    • World Championship
    • Olympics : 1992 Dream Team

    Bedin ဗေဒင်

    • Background
    • UCC — Hla Min, Win Latt, Zaw Tun (လှမင်း၊ ဝင်းလတ်၊ ဇော်ထွန်း)
    • RIT Civil — Min Wun, Aye Win Kyaw (မင်းဝန်၊ အေးဝင်းကျော်)
    • BARB — Myint Sein (မြင့်စိန်)
    • MARB — Khin Aung Bo, Myint Lwin, Than Htay, Kyaw Myint, Hla Win (ခင်အောင်ဗိုလ်၊ မြင့်လွင်၊ သန်းဌေး၊ ကျော်မြင့်၊ လှဝင်း)

    Biology

    • Discipline ဘာသာရပ်
    • Zoology သတ္တဗေဒ — Dr. Ko Ko Gyi, U Sein Lwin, Daw Vera; U Bobby Kyaw Myint, Dr. Shirley Aye Cho
    • Botany ရုက္ခဗေဒ — Dr. Lynsdale, Dr. Daw Yi Yi, Dr. Kyaw Soe
    • Marine Biology — Nyan Taw (Dicky)
    • Maung Maung Win (George), Thaung Su (Walter)

    Books စာအုပ်များ

    AZ 1
    AZ 2
    • U Aung Zaw — Dhamma and Bawa; Cetana Thi Thar Kan
    KMS
    • Dr. Khin Maung Swe (Tekkatho Maung Thin Char) — Life journey of Saya U Ba Toke
    K
    • U Khin Zaw (“K”, BBS) — Burma in my Life-tiime
    SKMH
    • Shwe Ku May Hnin — Nga Doh Khit Ka Tekkatho
    TOKM
    • Dr. Thane Oke Kyaw Myint — Birthday present from students
    MSY
    • U Win Pe (Maung Swan Yi) — Bah Leh He

    Boundary

    • Definition / Use
    • Boundary Road လမ်း
    • Boundary Road School ကျောင်း — Daw Tin Tin Aye, Daw Yi Yi, Daw Khin Khin Aye, Teacher Kywe
    • Alumni (e.g. A1 Family Members) ကျောင်းသားဟောင်း
    • GBNF ကွယ်လွန် — Tin Maung Thant, Myint Sein, Nay Win, Myat Hla Sein, Myo Set

    Breath

    • Practice (ancient, modern)
    • In-breath, Out-breath ဝင်သက် ထွက်သက်
    • Controlled breathing
    • Equal in-breath and out-breath (for restoring “balance”)
    • 1:2 (to induce “sleep”)
    • 20 (or so) out-breath (to “agitate” a dull mind

    Broadcasting အသံလွှင့်

    • Brief History — U Khin Zaw, U Pe Thaw မြန်မာ့အသံ ဦးခင်ဇော်၊ ဦးဖေသော်
    • Burmese Section, English Section အစီအစဉ် — မြန်မာ၊ တိုင်းရင်းသား၊ အင်္ဂလိပ်
    • News သတင်း
    • Entertainment ဖြေဖြော်ရေး

    Buddha ဗုဒ္ဓ

    • The Blessed One, The Worthy One, The Fully Enlightened One
    • Buddhism — Theravada Buddhism (Way of the Elders), Mahayana Buddhism
    • The Illustrated History of Buddhism — Mahagandayone Sayadaw, Artist U Ba Kyi
    • Buddha Dhamma

    Byamaso ဗြဟ္မစိုရ်

    • Metta မေတ္တာ — Loving Kindness, Unbounded Love
    • Karuna ကရုဏာ — Compassion
    • Mudita မုဒိတာ — Altruistic Joy, Sympathetic Joy
    • Uppekkha ဥပေက္ခာ — Equanimity

    Calamity ကပ်

    • Famine
    • War
    • Disease

    Calendar ပြက္ခဒိန်

    • Solar — Julian, Gregorian
    • Lunar
    • Luni-Solar
    • Civil
    • Fiscal
    • Academic

    Cards

    • Types — ID
    • Playing Card ဖဲ — Bridge, Solitaire, Spider
    • Betting games လောင်းကြေး

    Change ပြောင်းလဲ

    • Gradual Change တဖြေးဖြေး
    • Disruptive Change ရုတ်တရက်

    Checkers ကျား

    • Myanmar — Kyar
    • Computer Program (AI)

    Chess စစ်တုရင်

    • Overview
    • Myanmar — Sit Tu Yin
    • Championship — Traditional, Lightning, Rapid
    • Ratings — Master, Grand Master
    • Chess Computers / Programs — David Levy’s Wager, Deep Thought, Deep Blue

    Chemistry ဓာတုဗေဒ

    • Discipline
    • Sayas and Sayamas
    • Professor & Head — U Po Tha, U Aung Khin, Dr. Ko Ko Gyi

    Civil Engineering မြို့ပြ အင်ဂျင်နီယာ

    • Discipline
    • Sayas and Sayamas
    • Professor & Head — U Ba Hli, U Mya Han, Dr. Aung Gyi, U Min Wun, Dr. Win Thein
    • Dr. San Hla Aung, Allen Htay

    Com-

    • Prefix meaning “Together”
    • Company
    • Companion
    • Community

    Commerce ဝါဏိဇ္ဇ

    • Discipline
    • Sayas and Sayamas
    • Professor and Head — Saw William Paw
    • Dr. Khin Maung Kyi — later: Research Professor
    • Dr. Khin Maung Kyawe — later: BERB
    • U Mya Thein, U Thein Oo — later: UCC

    Dana ဒါန

    • Types of Dana
    • Sharing Merits

    December

    • 1920 — RU; First RU Students’ Strike
    • 1961 — Second SEAP Games
    • 1969 — Fifth SEAP Games
    • 1974 — U Thant Ah Yay Ah Khin
    • 2002 — SPZP-2002 (Singapore)
    • 2004 — SPZP-2004 (Yangon)
    • 2010 — SPZP-2010 (Singapore)
    • 2012 — SPZP-2012 (Yangon)
    • 2014 — Shwe YaDu (Yangon)
    • 2016 — SPZP-2016 (Yangon)
    • 2019 — GJ of Graduation for RIT 69ers
    • 2019 — ICST/UCSY Acariya Pu Zaw Pwe
    • 2020 — RU Centennial
    • 2023 — RUBC Centennial

    December 1920

    • Rangoon University Act : December 1, 1920
    • First RU Students’ Strike : December 5, 1920
    • U Ba Toke : December 26, 1920

    Dhammapada ဓမ္မပဒ

    • Editions — Pali, Burmese, English
    • U Lokananatha

    Dictionary အဘိဓာန်

    • Dictionary Types — Burmese, English, Pali, Computer, Bilingual, Trilingual, Technical …
    • Lexicographers — Judson, Minthuwun, Dr. Ba Han, Tet Toe, U Hoke Sein

    Economists ဘောဂဗေဒပညာရှင်များ

    • Dr. Aye Hlaing
    • Dr. Hla Myint
    • Dr. Maung Shein
    • Dr. Ronald Findlay
    • Dr. Solomon
    • Dr. Tun Thin
    • Dr. Tun Wai

    Electrical Engineering လျှပ်စစ်အင်ဂျင်နီယာ

    • Discipline
    • Communications
    • Computer
    • Control System
    • Device
    • Electronics
    • Instrumentation
    • Power
    • Signal Processing
    • Telecommunication

    Encyclopedia စွယ်စုံကျမ်း

    • Types
    • Wikipedia
    • Encyclopedia of Asian American Folklore and Folklife

    Engineering အင်ဂျင်နီယာဘာသာရပ်

    • HMEE — History of Myanmar Engineering Education ပညာရေး သမိုင်း
    • 1923 — Amendment of RU 1920 Act
    • 1924 –First classes
    • 1928 — First batch of graduates
    • Civil
    • Mechanical and Electrical
    • Mining
    • Chemical, Textile, Architecture

    English အင်္ဂလိပ်စာ

    • Department
    • Sayas and Sayamas

    Evaluation

    • Formative evaluation
    • Summative evaluation
    • Impact

  • Burmese in Cambodia

    by Hla Min

    Updated : Apr 2026

    U Soe Aung (M/Auto 70) visited Kampuchea (Cambodia) for a conference.

    He was surprised and delighted to see a Burmese Inscription at a temple in Ankor Wat.

  • Athletes

    by Hla Min

    Updated : Apr 2026

    2nd SEAP Games

    Tun Naung (Noel Tin)

    • Star sprinter
    • Represented RU and Burma in the First SEAP Games in Bangkok in 1959, and the Second SEAP Games in Rangoon in 1961
      Won Bronze in 1959 and Gold in 1961 for 4x 100 m Relay
    • Team mates include Tun Mra (Sprint), Kyaw Mra (Hurdles) and Soe Mra (Pole Vault).

    Mra Brothers

    Mra Brothers
    • Sons of U Shwe Mra (ICS; Chief Secretary, Union of Burma; UN)
    U Shwe Mra & Tun Mra
    • Tun Mra
      Represented RU and Burma in the First SEAP Games in Bangkok in 1959, and the Second SEAP Games in Rangoon in 1961
      Won Bronze in 1959 and Gold in 1961 for 4x 100 m Relay. Full Green, Old member and Patron of RUBC. Appeared in Saya Nyein’s program for RU Diamond Jubilee.
    RU Athletic Club
    • Kyaw Mra (GBNF)
      Represented RU and Burma in the First SEAP Games in Bangkok in 1959, and the Second SEAP Games in Rangoon in 1961
      Won Silver for Hurdles at the Second SEAP Games. Retired as National Coach for Track and Field. Full Green, Old member of RUBC.
    RU Athletes
    • Soe Mra won Gold for Pole Vault at the Second SEAP Games. He won Gold in subsequent Games.
    Inter-Varsity Sports
    • Win Mra was a Medalist in Burma Pole Vault before doctors asked him to retire.
      He is an excellent guitarist and vocalist.
      Taught English at RIT. Retired as Myanmar Ambassador to the United Nations. Chair of Myanmar Human Rights Commission.
    • Maung Maung Mra succeeded his elder brothers as Burma Pole Vault Champion.
      Won Bronze at the Fifth SEAP Games.
      Also competed for RASU in High Jump at the Inter-Institute Tournament.
    • Dr. Aung Mra represented IM(1) in Track and Field. Pole Vault seems to be the favorite for the Mra brothers.

    Kyaw Khin (GBNF)

    • Represented SPHS, RASU and Burma in Track and Field.
    • Events include 800m, 1500m, 110m Hurdles and 400m Hurdles
    • Became National Coach in Track and Field

    Richard Yu Khin (GBNF)

    • Won Gold in Yachting with U Maung Maung Lwin (Commodore of Rangoon Sailing Club)
    • Trained with Burma Selected Swimmers, but he could compete in two sports at the SEAP Games.

    U Aye (M62) wrote :

    Mg Hla (Badminton), was from Moulmein. We were together at Moulmein College (1956-58). He was selected as a National player even at that time.

    Aye Kyaw (Swimming) was from Mudon. He joined Navy after graduation.

  • Moderators, Providers & Organizers

    by Hla Min

    Updated : Apr 2026

    Moderators

    Several sayas & alumni accepted to be Moderators of “RIT Updates” FB Group. They are Organizers, Ah Nu Pyinnya Shins, Technology & Education Experts and more.

    In alphabetical order

    • U Aung Myaing, Saya (Okpo Maung Yin Maung)
    • U Khin Maung Zaw (KMZ)
    • U Ko Ko Kyi, Saya (Kenneth)
    • Daw Mai Khin Nyunt (Rosie)
    • U Moe Aung, Saya (Tekkatho Moe War)
    • U Myint Pe (Seik Kyee, Cartoon)
    • U Nyunt Htay, Saya (Ah Htet Min Hla)
    • U Ohn Khine (Gaing Gyi)
    • U San Lin (Maung Lu Pay)
    San Lin
    • Dr. Soe Thein, Saya
    • U Thein Htut (Mandalay)
    Thein Htut
    • U Thein Ngwe (Ko Thein Tokyo)
    • U Tin Aung Win (Oscar)
    • U Tin Lin, Saya (ChE)
    • U Win Thein Zaw (Wai Lu)
    • U Wynn Htain Oo (Maung Mar Ga)

    Provider of Photos, Info & Comments

    • Dr. Freddie Ba Hli, Saya (EE)
    • U Soe Paing, Saya (EE, UCC)
    • Allen Htay, Saya (C58)
    • U Myo Myint Sein, Saya (A58)
    • U San Tun, Saya )M59)
    • U Tin Htoon (A60)
    • U Aye (M62)
    • U Moe Aung, Saya (EE63)
    • U Myo Myint (EC67)
    • U Than Htut (M67)
    • U Htun Aung Kyaw, Saya (ChE68)
    • 69ers
    • U Tin Aung Win (M69)
    • Frederick Thetgyi (M69)
    • Daw Tin Tin Myint, Sayama (ChE70)
    • U Myint Than (M71)
    • U Khin Maung Myint (M71)
    • M72 Group
    • Daw Tin Aye (C73)

    Thanks to Saya U Moe Aung and EP/EC83 group for providing photos of the group’s Garawa.

    Several classes (69, 70 & 71, 72, … 76, 77, 84, 87 & 91, …) used to have Reunion and/or PZPs.

    Members may post photos from their gatherings.

    Organizers

    • SPZP
    SPZP-2000
    • HMEE
    HMEE Team
    • SDYF
    SDYF