HlaMin

Category: Buddhism

Sayadaws, Suttas, Terms

  • Patthana

    by Hla Min

    Updated : Apr 2026

    ပဌာန်း

    7th text in Abhidhamma အဘိဓမ္မာ

    Ashin Nandamalabhivansa

    Pathan 1

    Book of Conditional Relations

    1. Root Condition
    2. Object Condition
    3. Predominance Condition
    4. Proximity Condition
    5. Contiguity Condition
    6. Co-nascence Condition
    7. Mutuality Condition
    8. Dependence Condition
    9. Strong-Dependence Condition
    10. Pre-nascence Condition
    11. Post-nascence Condition
    12. Repetition Condition
    13. Kamma Condition
    14. Resultant Condition
    15. Nutriment Condition
    16. Faculty Condition
    17. Jhana Condition
    18. Path Condition
    19. Association Condition
    20. Disassociation Condition
    21. Presence Condition
    22. Absence Condition
    23. Disappearance Condition
    24. Non-Disappearance Condition

    Patthana in Daily Life

    Patthana in Daily Life

    Subtitle : An introduction to the Law of Conditionality
    Author : U Hla Myint
    Publisher : Tathagata Meditation Center, 2010

    CONTENTS

    Introduction

    Root condition : Hetu-paccayo
    Fascination (Sense-object) condition : Arammana-paccayo
    Predominance condition : Adhipati-paccayo (sahajata, arammana)
    Continuity condition : Ananatara-paccayo
    Contiguity condition : Samanantara-paccayo
    Co-nascence condition : Sahajata-paccayo
    Mutuality condition : Annamanna-paccayo
    Dependence condition : Nissaya-paccayo (shajata, purejata)
    Strong-dependence condition : Upanissaya-paccayo (aramana, anantara, pakatupa)
    Pre-nascence condition : Purejata-paccayo (vatthu, araammana)
    Post-nascence condition : Pacchajata-paccayo
    Repetition condition : Asevana-paccayo
    Kamma condition : Kamma-paccayo (shahajata, mamakkhanika)
    Resultant condition : Vipaka-paccayo
    Nutriment condition : Ahara-paccayo (sahajarta, kabalikara)
    Faculty condition : Indriya-paccayo (shajata, rupajivita, vatthu-purejata)
    Jhana condition : Jhana-paccayo
    Path condition : Magga paccayo
    Association condition : Samapyutta-paccayo
    Disassociation condition : Vipayutta-apccayo (sahajata, pacchajata, vatthupurejata)
    Presence condition : Atthi-apccayo (sahajata, pacchajata, vatthupurejata)
    Non-disappearance condition : Avigata-paccayo
    Absence condition : Natthi-paccayo
    Disappearance condition : Vigata-apccayo

    Conclusion

    Resources

    • Patthana Theikpan (College)
    • Basic, Intermediate, and Advanced Courses on Patthana
    • A Manual of Abhidhamma
    • Charts, illustrations, mnemonics
    • Computer programs to study Patthana
    • Tri-lingual book (in Pali, Myanmar, and English)

    TBSA Publication

    Pathan 2

    Ashin Janakabhivsmsa

    Mahagandayone Sayadaw

    Mahagandayone Sayadaw
    Pathana 3

    U Ohn Kyaw (EP73)

    Pathan Lecturer

    U Ohn Kyaw 1
    U Ohn Kyaw 2

    Posts

    • Abhidhamma
    • Dhamma Books
    • Sayadaws
    • Tipitaka

  • Memories of Sagaing

    by Hla Min

    Updated : Apr 2026

    Ma Ma Mi (Daw Khin Khin Latt) is from Sagaing. She wanted Saya Chit (Dr. Chit Swe) to be a Yahan (temporary monk) at a monastery in Sagaing Hills. Some monastery compounds are named after the towns in Irrawaddy Delta.

    Ko Myint Oo and I offered to be temporary monks with Saya Chit.

    Ordination

    There are two phases to become a monk :

    (a) Novitiation (ရှင်ပြု Shin Pyu) or “Lower Ordination” to become a “Ko Yin” (ကိုရင် novice)

    (b) “Thane Wyn” or “Higher Ordination” in a Sima (သိမ် Thane) to become an Upazin ဥပဇင်း

    At least five monks are needed to conduct the “Higher Ordination”.

    In Yangon, the ceremony takes 15 – 30 minutes.

    The final part is an Exhortation by the Preceptor. As Mentor to the newly ordained monk, the Preceptor shares his knowledge and gives advice.

    When the Preceptor learned that Saya Chit is a renowned Professor and the Founder/Director of UCC, he gave “extra” attention by exhorting for “close to three hours”. Sayadaw enjoyed illuminating Saya Chit.

    Since I could barely squat, I was “offered” a pillow to rest my knees and I was allowed to “kneel down” on the pillow.

    Tourist Guide for a day

    After a week of monk hood, we returned to our lay life sans (without) our hair.

    Ko Myint Oo is a social animal. He knew two Guides from “Tourist Burma”. At least one of them was new. They had a reasonably tough assignment. They had to guide an American student (in his senior year at a New York University) trying to write a first-hand report about the Buddhist artifacts in Mandalay and Sagaing.

    The Guides requested help from Ko Myint Oo. Ko Myint Oo shunted and in a moment I became a volunteer tourist guide explaining (to the best of my knowledge) Buddhism & rites and rituals.

  • Payeik Kyee Pali Theik Kha

    by Hla Min

    Updated : Mar 2026

    • Payeik Kyee aka Paritta Pali and Protective Verses
      Collection of eleven Protective Verses
      is recited in part or full by monks, novices, and lay people.
    • Pali
      Language of discourse in Theravada Buddhism
    • Theik Kha
      Practice
    • Thamane Kyaw : Pen name of Sayadaw U Dhammika, who won the prestigious award of Thamane Kyaw (Distinguished novice scholar) in his youth.
    • Payeik Kyee Pali Theik Kha
      The book discusses Pali terms, phrases & grammar.
    Payeik Kyee Pali Theik Kha
    • For a comprehensive treatment on Protective Verses, refer to the epic work by “Thabyekan Sayadaw”
      and a treatise by U Jotalankara (Dhammanda Vihara, Half Moon Bay, California, USA).

  • Dhamma Books

    by Hla Min

    Updated : Mar 2026

    စွန်းလွန်း ဝိပဿနာ
    Sunlun Vipassana

    • မြင်းခြံစွန်းလွန်းဆရာတော် ဦးကဝိ
      Myingyan Sunlun Sayadaw U Kavi
    • ကမ္ဘာအေးစွန်းလွန်းဆရာတော် ဦးဝိနယ
      Kaba Aye Sunlun Sayadaw U Vinaya

    လယ်တီ ဆရာတော်
    Dhamma Lineage of Ledi Sayadaw

    • ဆရာ သက်
      Saya Thet
    • ဆရာ ဦးဘခင်
      Saya U Ba Khin
    • S N ဂိုအင်ဂါ
      S N Goenka

    ပဏ္ဍိတရာမ ဆရာတော်
    Dhamma Lineage of Panditarama Sayadaw

    • Sayadaw U Pandita
    • ဦးပညာဒီပ (ဘီးလင်း) — နာယက ဆရာတော်
      U Pannadipa (Beelin) – – Patron

    ဓမ္မဘေရီ အရှင်ဝီရိယ (တောင်စွန်း)
    Dhammaberi Ashin Viriya (Taung Soon)

    ရုပ်စုံ ဗုဒ္ဓ သာသနာဝင်
    The Illustrated History of Buddhism

    • မဟာဂန္ဓာရုံဆရာတော် ဦးဇနကာဘိဝံသ
      Author : Mahagandayone Sayadaw U Janakabhivamsa
    • ပန်းချီဆရာ ဦးဗကြည်
      Illustrator : Saya U Ba Kyi
    • Reprint : ဦးသီလာနန္ဒာဘိဝံသ နဲ့ အလှူရှင်များ
      Reprint : Sayadaw U Silanandabhivamsa and Devotees / Donors

    Mahagandayone Sayadaw

    U Silananda

    U Silananda

  • Vinaya

    by Hla Min

    Updated : Feb 2026

    Training Rules

    • The Viniya (monastic rules of conduct) describes 227 rules.
    • The offenses range from irremediable, heavy, to light.

    4 Parajika (Irremediable) Offenses

    They are heavy offenses for which there is no remedy.

    • Sexual act
    • Stealing
    • Killing any human being
    • False statement about supernormal attainment

    The penalty is ex-communication from the Sangha of monks.

    13 Samghadiesa (Heavy) Offenses

    • Heavy offense that must be dealt by Sangha meetings
    • Must undergo probation and penance imposed by the Sangha to receive rehabilitation

    Light Offenses

    2 Indefinite rules

    • No fixed penalties for the transgressions
    • However, there are procedures by which the Sangha may assess appropriate punishment

    30 rules entailing expiation with forfeiture

    • forfeit something as a penalty

    92 rules entailing expiation [without forfeiture]

    4 rules entailing confession

    75 monastic rules of discipline

    • minor precepts regulating the conduct of the novice or the monk
    • mode of dress, deportment, eating, …

    7 dispute-settlements

    Posts

    • Abhidhamma အဘိဓမ္မာ
    • Buddhist Council သံဂါယနာ
    • Sutta သုတ္တန်
    • Tipitaka တိပိဋက
    • Vinaya ဝိနည်း

  • Monastic Exams & Awards

    by Hla Min

    Updated : Feb 2026

    Exams taken by most monks and/or novices

    • Pathama Nge ပထမ ငယ် : Lower grade
    • Pathama Latt ပထမ လတ် : Middle grade
    • Pathama Gyi ပထမ ကြီး : Higher grade
    • Dhammacariya ဓမ္မာ စရိယ : Dhamma teacher (e.g. Sasanadhaja Dhammacariya)

    Awards & Titles

    • Pathama Kyaw ပထမ ကျော် : First in the Pathama pyan examination
    • Alankara အလင်္ကာရ : Completed the Lanakra examination as a novice
    • Thamane Kyaw သာမဏေ ကျော် : First in the Lankara examination
    • Abhivamsa အဘိဝံသ : Completed the Set Kyar Thiha Dhammacariya before the age of 26
    • Wunthaka ဝံ သ က: First in the Dhammacariya examination
    • Thiromani သိ ရော မ ဏိ : Passed all subjects for Dhammacariya in one stroke
    • Pali Paragu ပါ ဠိ ပါ ရ ဂူ : Answered the Dhammacariya examination in Pali

    Tipitaka Exams

    Vinaya

    • Vinaya (oral)
    • Vinya (written)

    Sutta

    • Sutta (oral)
    • Sutta (written)

    Abhidhamma

    • Abhidhamma Part I (oral)
    • Abhidhamma Part I (written)
    • Abhidhamma Part II (oral)
    • Abhidhamma Part II (written)

    Tipitaka Awards & Titles

    • Tipitakadhara တိပိဋကဓရ Bearer of the Tipitaka (‘recitation or oral’)
    • Tipitakadhara Tipitakakawida : တိပိဋကဓရ တိပိဋကကောဝိဓ Bearer of the Tipitaka (‘oral’ and written’)
    • Tipitakadhara Dhammabhandagarika : တိပိဋကဓရ ဓမ္မ ဘဏ္ဍာ ကာရိက Keeper of the Dhamma Treasure
    Tipitaka Sayadaw

  • Metta (Talk)

    by Hla Min

    Updated : Aug 2025

    Video Broadcast on January 10, 2021

    Four Byamaso Taya

    • Metta
      Unbounded Love / Loving Kindness
    • Karuna
      Compassion
    • Mudita
      Altruistic Joy or Sympathetic Joy
    • Uppekkha
      Equanimity
    This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is metta-sutta-1.jpg
    Book by U Thu Kha

    Metta

    • Pali term
      Written in Burmese as Myitta
    • Rendered as
      Unbounded Love
      Loving Kindness
    • One of the four Bhamaso Taya or Bhama Vihara (along with Karuna, Mudita, and Uppekha)
    • Practiced as a form of meditation
    • U Silananda‘s book on Protective Verses has a section on how to practice Loving Kindness Meditation.
    • Tipitaka Mingun Sayadawgyi recited the Two Methods of sending Metta.
      As mentioned in Metta Sutta
      Alternative: 528 “Metta” (13 x 4 x 12)
      They can be found on YouTube and CDs.
    • “Metta Sutta” is one of the eleven Suttas in “Paritta Pali” (Protective Verses).
      Also known as Karaniya Metta Sutta
      Chanted at most Buddhist ceremonies.
    • Myitta is covered along with Thitsar (Truth) in Dr. Min Tin Mon‘s book “Myitta and Thitsar“
    • U Thu Kha wrote a book on Metta Sutta.
    • U Jotalankara‘s book explains the 528 Metta.
    • A Physics teacher said, “Myitta So Dar Ah Hlyar Ah Nan Ma Shee Bay Mei Ah Thwar Ah Pyan Shee Bar Thay Dae.”
    • Metta is also used as a name or part of a name.
    • Metta is a Myanmar comedian.
    • Mettananda Vihara is a monastery in Northern California.
      Moved from Central Avenue, Fremont to Castro Valley.
    • Metta Vihari is an association that performs Chanting, and also offers food dana at selected gatherings.

    Practicing Metta

    By Way of LOCATION:

    • May I be well, happy and peaceful.
    • May all beings in this house be well, happy and peaceful.
    • May all beings in this area be well, happy and peaceful.
    • May all beings in this city be well, happy and peaceful.
    • May all beings in this country be well, happy and peaceful.
    • May all beings in this world be well, happy and peaceful.
    • May all beings in this universe be well, happy and peaceful.
    • May all beings be well, happy and peaceful.

    By Way of PERSONS:

    • May I be well, happy and peaceful.
    • May my teachers be well, happy and peaceful.
    • May my parents be well, happy and peaceful.
    • May my relatives be well, happy and peaceful.
    • May my friends be well, happy and peaceful.
    • May the indifferent persons be well, happy and peaceful.
    • May the unfriendly persons be well, happy and peaceful.
    • May all meditators be well, happy and peaceful.
    • May all beings be well, happy and peaceful.

    Metta Sutta

    • Third sutta in “Paritta Pali”
    • also referred to as Karaniya Metta Sutta
    • Desirable qualities of a Practitioner
    • Loving Kindness Meditation
    • Formal
      Translation from Pali into Burmese/Myanmar and English
    • Informal
      Books by Saya U Thu Kha and Saya Dr. Mehm Tin Mon

    Chanting

    Two ways (as per Mingun Tipitaka Sayadawgyi)

    • Referred in Metta Sutta
    • 528 “Metta” (13 x 4 x 12)
    This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is pp-12-13.jpg
    This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is pp-14-15.jpg
    Buddhist Dictionary

  • Karuna, Mudita, Uppekha (Talk)

    Karuna, Mudita, Uppekha (Talk)

    by Hla Min

    Updated : Aug 2025

    Video Broadcast on January 11, 2021

    Four Byamaso Taya

    • Metta
      Unbounded Love / Loving Kindness
    • Karuna
      Compassion
    • Mudita
      Altruistic Joy or Sympathetic Joy
    • Uppekkha
      Equanimity

    Karuna

    • Pali term
    • Rendered as Compassion
    • One of the four Bhamaso Taya
    • Buddha is called “The Compassionate One”
    • Mahayana Buddhists emphasize the importance of Compassion
    • Sayadaw U Sobhana (GBNF) had four Indonesian siblings as his students.
      Named one of them Karuna.
      She was present at Sayadaw’s Last Journey.
    • U Moe Myint (M76) and several alumni are members of the “Karuna Ah Thinn” in Singapore.
      One activitiy is to help the needy for the Last Journey of their loved one.
    • We saw an outpouring of Karuna in the relief efforts for Disaster Recovery (e.g. Cyclone Nargis)

    Practicing Karuna

    • May suffering ones be suffering-free
    • And the fear-struck fearless be
    • May the grieving shed all grief
    • And all beings find relief

    Mudita

    • Pali term.
    • Rendered as Altruistic Joy or Sympathetic Joy
    • One of the four Bhamaso Taya
    • One should feel joyful when one hears good news about others.

    Myanmar Mudita Sar Saung

    • Saya U Nyunt Htay (Met73) is Chief Editor
    • Contributor : Tekkatho Moe War (U Moe Aung)
    This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is mudita-1.jpg
    This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is mutida-2.jpg
    This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is mudita-3.jpg

    Upekkha

    • Pali term
    • Rendered as Neutral [Feeling]
    • Also translated as Equanimity
    • One of the four Bhamaso Taya

    In a loose usage in Burmese, “Upekkha Shu” means “ignore”. It is not representative of the importance of Upekkha, which provides a balance of life and avoids the two extremes stated in the Dhammacakka Sutta

    It is non-trivial to sense Upekkha while practicing Vipassana (Insight) Meditation.

    Feelings may be be categorized as

    • Pleasant Feeling
    • Unpleasant Feeling
    • Non-Pleasant and Non-Unpleasant Feeling

    Upekkha is synonymous with “Non-Pleasant and Non-Unpleasant Feeling”.

    Buddhist Dictionary

  • Samvega

    by Hla Min

    Updated : Aug 2025

    Urgency

    • It is a Pali word meaning “Sense of urgency”. We’ve heard it many times especially when we attended the last journey of our loved ones.
    • We feel the pain even when the dearly departed are in their 80s. The pain grows when we learn that someone young (not so old) had passed away.
    • We feel shocked and upset when we hear about the untimely demise. My cousin nephew Dr. Peter Tun warned about lack of PPE, but he succumbed to Covid.

    Gone But Not Forgotten (GBNF)

    • The list of GBNF for RIT 69ers is now 128. About 40% of our classmates are no longer with us. Covid claimed about 20.
    • U Sein Win (Win Kyaw, C69) was an expert in Palmistry. His spouse is a professional Palmist. Not sure whether he knew his life span, but he is GBNF.
    • U Myint Sein was a former classmate at PPBRS. He was Principal of BARB. He later founded Idea Astrology. Not sure whether he informed his spouse and son about his life span or his sudden demise, but he is also GBNF.
    • My uncle was sent as a state scholar to Japan during the Second World War. He was in Hiroshima & Nagasaki before both cities were ravaged by the Atomic Bombs. He was lucky. His luck ran out when he was sentenced to seven years by a kangaroo court during the Adhamma Era. The UN Human Rights Rapporteur pleaded with the government to release him. Sadly, he passed away early (because of the harsh environment & treatment). His siblings all lived to be 80+ years. The eldest sister lived to be 94.

    Dr. Khin Tun (Peter)

    Dr. Peter Tun
    • He is the elder son of my cousin U Tin U. He became one of the early doctors in UK to fall victim to COVID-19. He is an MRCP and a former Associate Dean of Oxford University. He at the Royal Berkshire Hospital. His ward needed PPE, but he was told that they would be supplied when there is a case. He replied, “It would be too late”. Sad to say, he passed away on April 12, 2020. Could his life been saved?
    • The news shocked not just his immediately family, but many around the world. BBC and the newspapers in UK have reported several heroes who died in the battle fighting COVID-19.
    • Should Samvega sink in?

    Posts

    • Covid
    • GBNF
    • Pandemic
    • Peter Tun — Chronicles

  • GBNF — 2025

    by Hla Min

    Updated : July 2025

    U Pyinnyadipa

    • Patron, Panditarama Monastery
    • Former Chief Sayadaw, Hse Mile Gone Monastery
    • Former Chief Sayadaw, Tathagata Meditation Center, San Jose, California, USA
    • Passed away in Yangon on June 18, 2025
    • I was Interpreter for some of Sayadaw’s talks (at TMC)

    Daw Myint Thwe

    Daw Myint Thwe
    • Passed away in Sydney, Australia
    • Spouse : Dr. Freddie Ba Hli (GBNF)
    • Daughter : Tin Tin Hlaing (ex-UCC)
    • Sons : Tha Hlaing (EC83, ex-UCC), Min Thet Tun (GBNF)
    • U Sein Tin (EC75, ex-UCC) created a video for the Memorial Service
    • Daw Mya Win (Alison, BBS, former classmate) gave a Eulogy

    Maung Kaung

    • 1st BE Intake of 64
    • M71
    • GBNF #143
    • U Ohn Khine & team maintain the GBNF list for the Class

    Kaung Aye (Peter)

    • Studied M.Sc (Computer Science) at UCC
    • Passed away in Sydney, Australia
    • Spouse : Theresa Wong
    • Aung Ngwe Tun (Glen) & ex-UCC group posted photos & videos of the last journey