Blog

  • Gatherings

    Gatherings

    by Hla Min

    Updated : June 2026

    RIT Alumni International

    • Founded by SF Bay Area Group led by Saya Allen Htay
    • First RIT Grand Reunion and Saya Pu Zaw Pwe (SPZP-2000) in October 2000.
    SPZP-2000
    • Welcome Sayas visiting Northern California
    At Seafood Restaurant
    • Tenth Anniversary of the Founding of RIT Alumni International
    USA 2
    USA 3
    • Celebrations (Birthday, Wedding Anniversary, Retirement, Appreciation …)
    USA 1

    Gathering hosted by Steeve Kay (EC70)

    • Steeve is a Multiple Golden Sponsor of Saya Pu Zaw Pwe (SPZP)
    • In 2011, he hosted a gathering in Southern California to celebrate the 40th Anniversary of his arrival in USA.
    • Benny Tan (M70), Ko Zaw Min Nawaday (EP70) and Ko Htin Aung (Richard, M70) are his former classmates.
    • Steeve thanked Henry Khoo (EC67) for picking him up at the SF International airport upon his arrival to the USA.
    • Dr. Chris Lee, Dr. Zaw Tun and Sam Chin (ChE62, who worked at Unilever) were active in the Burmese American Associations in Southern California.
    • Steeve requested me not to retire, but to re-tire (stay active with worthwhile projects).
    USA 4
    • SPZP-2002, SPZP-2007 and SPZP-2010 in Singapore
    SPZP-2007
    • SPZP-2002, SPZP-2012 and SPZP-2016 in Yangon
    SPZP-2012

    Other Gatherings

    • Discipline wide Gatherings (e.g All-Mechanical)
    All Mech Gathering
    • Celebrations (e.g Shwe YaDu in 2014)
    Shwe YaDu
    • Alumni Reunion in Los Angeles in 2015
    LA 2015
    • Class Gatherings
    Present from 69er Gathering
    69er Cap
    • Mini-gatherings
    • Micro-gatherings
  • Elections

    Elections

    by Hla Min

    Updated : June 2026

    1960 Election

    U Nu
    • Pyidaungsu Party (formerly known as Clean AFPFL) won. U Nu became Prime Minister of the Union of Burma for the Third and Last time.
    • Several military officers (who used power to support the Losing Party) were purged.
    • The 17 man Revolutionary Council staged a Coup d’etat on March 2, 1962. According to Kyemon U Thaung, six of them did not have access to high level information / decision.
    • Burma lost its hard fought Independence.

    Sham Elections

    • During the BSPP era, there were Sham Elections. Mostly single candidate nominated by BSPP. Voters had to choose White (Yes) or Black (No).
    • During one BSPP Convention, the then Number One did not get the Top Vote. A purge followed. Those suspected of “Election Fraud” were criminalized with ludicrous charges. The MI Chief and his followers became extremely powerful. Eventually they were detained or dismissed.
    • Jump Promotions and Purges led to many Toadies. e.g a Commander who baby sit the grand kids of his Boss.

    Past Elections

    • In September 1988 General Saw Maung took over. He promised to hold free and fair elections and that the soldiers will return to the Barracks.
      Citing medical reasons, he was forced out & replaced by a Ruthless Dictator.
    • The National League for Democracy won the 1990 Elections. The results were nullified. The majority of elected representatives were detained.
    • The military rule — accompanied by Nepotism, Cronyism & Terrorism — established a hand crafted Constitution in 2008 to ensure impunity for their Crimes and an unfair advantage to the past, present & future Thugs.
    • 2010 Election was virtually uncontested. Some Toadies helped the military by posing as Opposition.
    • 2015 and 2020 Elections were won convincingly by NLD (National League for Democracy).
  • December

    December

    by Hla Min

    Updated : June 2026

    Background

    • Dec means Ten. December is the 10th month of the old Roman Calendar.
    • December is the 12th and last month of the Gregorian Calendar.
    • Has 31 days
    • December 31st is celebrated as New Year’s Eve

    December 1920

    Dec 1, 1920

    • Rangoon University was established with Rangoon College & Judson College as affiliates.
    • Golden Jubilee in 1970; Diamond Jubilee in 1995; Centennial in 2020.

    Dec 5, 1920

    • First RU Students’ Strike to protest the 1920 RU Act.
    • The anniversaries use the Burmese Calendar.

    Dec 26, 1920

    U Ba Toke
    • Saya U Ba Toke was born. He is a Phwa Bet Taw of Rangoon University and the first RU Students’ Strike.
    • Saya passed away on Dec 2, 2020 (the day following the RU Centennial and a few days short of his Centennial Birthday.)

    Dec 1974

    U Thant Ah Yay Ah Khinn

    • Dark moment in the history of Burma
    This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is img_20190926_0001.jpg
    U Thant Ah Yay Ah Khin

    Apollo 8

    • Orbited the Moon in December 1968
    • Astronauts : Frank Borman, James Lovell, Bill Anders

    December 25

    • Christmas Eve on Dec 24
    • Christmas on Dec 25

    December 26

    • Saya U Ba Toke was born in 1920. He passed away on Dec 2, 2020 a few days before his Centennial birthday

    December 31

    • New Year’s Eve

    SEAP Games

    • Burma hosted the 2nd SEAP Games in December, 1961
    2nd SEAP Games
    • Burma hosted the 5th SEAP Games in December, 1969
    5th SEAP Games
    Poem

    Birthdays

    Several birthdays in December among my relatives & friends. They include

    • Beloved spouse : Dec 30
    • Saya U Tin Maung Nyunt : Dec 30
    • Saya Allen Htay (GBNF) : Dec 31
    • Elder sister
    • Cousin
    • Uncle (GBNF)
    • Classmates : Maung Maung Kyi (Wales, GBNF) and Aung Thu Yein (Brownie, GBNF).

    U Tin Maung Nyunt

    U Tin Maung Nyunt
    • Saya usually celebrates his birthday performing meritorious deeds.
    • Before his current medical condition, he observed Eight Precepts.
    • Practices Vipassana Meditation
    • He is a day older than Saya Allen Htay.

    My Beloved Spouse

    My spouse (in her younger days)
    • Supported my volunteer activities for nearly five decades.
    • I completed 26 years as Founder & Editor of “RIT Alumni Newsletter Updates”.
    2015 in Los Angeles
    • We attended several RIT gatherings : SPZP-2000, SPZP-2012, SPZP-2016 & 69er Golden Jubilee in Yangon; RIT & UCC Gatherings in Australia & Singapore; and many gatherings in the USA.
    SPZP-2016
    • Attended 2015 RIT Alumni Reunion in Los Angeles held at the Knott Berry Farms, and a special gathering at iNapa Winery.
    iNapa Winery
    • She is a Caring Spouse, a Dutiful Mother & a Loving Grandmother. She asked me to take care of my health and minimize use of phone & computer.
    Myee
    • She loves to sing and dance at the gatherings. I am an amateur musician who plays instruments (piano, key board, guitar, harmonica) by ear.
    NorCal RITAA

    Here’s my birthday wish:

    May you be blessed with Good Health, Abundant Wealth, Unbounded Love, Peace, Calm, Tranquility … for many more years to come.

    June 1973

    Events in December

    Saya U Ba Toke
    • December 1, 1920 : Under the RU Act of 1920, Rangoon University was established with Rangoon College & Judson College as constituent colleges.
    • RU Golden Jubilee in 1970 : I was member of the “Zay Nay Yar Cha Htar Yay” committee
    • RU Diamond Jubilee in 1995 : BARB produced documentary for “Rangoon University Sports”
    • RU Centennial in 2020 :
      I was Moderator of the RU Centennial Facebook group
    • December 26, 1920 : Saya U Ba Toke’s birthday. His life story is published in the book by Tekkatho Maung Thin Char (Dr. Khin Maung Swe, GBNF).
      Saya passed away on December 2, 2020 a few days before his Centennial Birthday
    • December 5, 1920 : First RU Students’ Strike — Caused amendments to the RU Act.
      Led to the establishment of Amyothar Kyaung (National School) & Amyothat Kawleik (College). Amyothar Aung Bwe Nay (National Day) is celebrated using the Burmese date
    • December 1961 : Second SEAP Games — Hosted in Rangoon;
      Burma dominated in Track & Field, Swimming & Volleyball. About 20 athletes from RU represented Burma in the Games (See photo by Dr. Richard Yu Khin)
    This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is university-athletes.jpg
    RU students who represented Burma in the 2nd SEAP Games in 1961
    • Dec 1969 : Fifth SEAP Games in Rangoon
    Opening ceremony for 5th SEAP Games in 1969
  • Alumni

    Alumni

    by Hla Min

    Updated : June 2026

    Paying respect

    • Paying respect to Sayas is a tradition that is unique to Myanmar.
    • The tradition is alive and well.
    • There have been seven world wide SPZPs : SPZP-2000 (US);
      SPZP-2002, SPZP-2007, SPZP-2010 (Singapore);
      SPZP-2004, SPZP-2012, SPZP-2016 (Yangon)
    • I was fortunate to be a Core Organizer for SPZP-2000 and a Coordinator for the remaining SPZPs.
    SPZP-2000

    Alumni

    Many alumni are active in the following:

    • SDYF (Swel Daw Yeik Foundation)
    • RITAA (RIT-YIT-YTU Alumni Association)
    • NorCal RITAA (in the US)
    • MES
    • MEC
    • HMEE-2018

    History

    • “History of Myanmar Engineering Education” was published in 2012.
    • The project’s initiators included Saya U Soe Paing, Sayagyi U Ba Than and several sayas and alumni. (See Acknowledgement in the Book)
    • Saya U Aung Hla Tun and team compiled the book.
    • Ko Ohn Khine (M70) and I compiled the CD Supplement for the HMEE-2012 book
    • The draft for the first two sections were prepared by Saya U Soe Paing and team.
    • Ko Ohn Khine translated Section 1 and summarized Section 2. The translations have been revised by Saya U Soe Paing.
    • Saya U Aung Hla Tun gave the copyright to RITAA.
    • HMEE-2018 was headed by Saya U Aung Hla Tun. His demise affected the progress of the project.

    YTU Library Modernization Project

    A decent Library is a requirement of the accreditation of YTU by Asean (and beyond).

    Donations — large and small — came in. Thanks to U Wynn Htain Oo (M72), Ma Nan Khin Nwe (83 Intake) and team.

    The donors include

    • U Khin Maung Tun (T78)
    • Dr. Myo Khin (C70) and Daw Mya Nwe (C73)
    • Daw Myint Myint (C69)
    • Saya U Tin Htut (M60)
    • James Shwe (M76) and Annette Shwe (A75)
    • NorCal RITAA
    • Alumni from Singapore, Australia and New Zealand

    Archive

    • The Library could have a section to help remember our beloved alma mater, our sayas and alumni activities.
    • Sayagyi Dr. Aung Gyi endorsed Ko Benny Tan’s proposal to archive the mementos.
    • We requested alumni (esp. class representatives) to record gatherings / activities.

    Health Care Funds

    • Steeve and Helen Kay Health Care Fund for RIT Sayas and Sayamas
    • Eye examination and assistance Fund provided by U Khin Maung Tun
    • The balance of both funds had been handed over to Swel Daw Yeik Foundation.
    • Other funds include 69er HCF, EE69er HCF, and those administered by the classes and groups (e.g. Combined 1st BE Intake of 64 and 65)

    Resources

    • RIT related Facebook pages
    • RIT related Google groups
    • hlamin.com

    Saya Allen Htay (C58)

    • Leader of the San Francisco Bay Area Alumni Group
    • Co-founded “RIT Alumni International” which hosted SPZP-2000 and served as President.
    • His article “Brother, can you spare US $500?” is a classic.
    • Daw Mu Mu Khin hosted a lunch in memory of Saya on December 31, 2017.
    • In memory of Saya Allen, Daw Mu Mu Kin donated Saya’s books to the YTU library.
      Also sponsored scholarships for eligible YTU students.
    This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is allen-htay-1.jpg
    This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is allen-htay-2.jpg

    Golden Sponsors

    • U Thaung Sein (Steeve, EC70)
    • U Benny Tan (M70)
    • U Khin Maung Oo (Ivan Lee, M69)
    • U Tin Myint (David Ko, M67)
    • U Maung Maung Than (M79)

      The five Golden sponsors and other donors made sure U Nyo Win’s Act (requiring the organizers to chip in if SPZP-2000 will not have the minimum number of attendees) will not be needed.

    2019

    • Completed two decades as Chief Editor of RIT Alumni International Newsletter
    • Compiled posts for the Golden Jubilee of 69ers
      Attended both events on December 14, 2019

    2020

    • Broadcast educational videos

    2021 – Present

    • Writing and revising posts in hlamin.com
    • Request help to transform into digital and/or printed books for posterity
  • 1960s

    1960s

    by Hla Min

    Updated : June 2026

    1960

    Education

    • Last 7th Std Government exam : We took it in March

    Elections

    • Caretaker Government finally held Elections.
    • Pyidaung Su Party (former “Clean AFPFL“) led by U Nu won by a land slide. The victory would be short lived.
    U Nu

    1961

    Education

    • Last HSF & Matric (Combined) exam
    • First batch of Female Engg Graduates : Tin Tin Ohn (Amy), Julie Han, Yin Yin Kyi, Mi Mi Lay (all Textile) & Pauline Reynolds (ChE)
    • Faculty of Engineering moved to Gyogone Campus. Also called Burma Institute of Technology (BIT)

    SEAP Games

    • Burma hosted the Second SEAP (South East Asia Peninsular) Games in December.
    • Burma dominated most events and placed first.
    • About 20 RU students represented Burma.
    2nd SEAP Games

    1962

    Education

    • First “Matric Only” exam
    • First “HSF Only” exam : We (from Rangoon Division) had to take the exam in March & again in August

    Coup d’etat

    • On March 2, a 17-member Revolutionary Council staged a Coup d’etat. President Mahn Win Maung, Prime Minister U Nu & Cabinet Ministers, Sao Shwe Thaik & Sawbwas, and several high-level Government employees were detained.
    • Sama Duwa Sinwa Naung (President-elect) did not become President.
    Sama Duwa
    • Per Kyemon U Thaung, seven Revolutionary Council members were not aware of the major decisions.
    • Brigadier General T. Clift (Air Force) resigned. He was succeeded by Col Thaung Dan (who became Brigadier General). Several senior Air Force personnel were appointed Ambassadors or Military Attache to pave way for younger officers.
    • Commodore Than Pe (Navy) passed away. He was Minister for Health & Education.
      Commander Thaung Tin (who became Commodore) succeeded CTP as Chief of Navy. Col Hla Han became Minister for Health &Education.
    • Col Chit Myaing was the last original Revolutionary Council member to pass away. He served as Ambassador to Yugoslavia and UK before moving to USA.
    • Tin Maung Thant (son of U Thant) passed away during his visit to Burma. The funeral cortège was larger that of Commodore Than Pe.
    • The usage of “Tar Wun Khan” was later changed back to “Minister”.

    Dark Days in July

    • 7th July : 17 official victims
    • 8th July : Demolition of RUSU Building

    1963

    Education

    • Matric exam : We took it in May
    • SPHS has five students in Top Five, seven in Top Ten, and ten in Top Twenty
    SPHS63
    • Last batch for General Honors program

    1964

    Education

    • New Education System
    • Most Faculties became autonomous Institutes with Rectors.
    • RASU & MASU offered Major

    Admission to RIT

    • In Nov 1964, three batches of students were admitted to RIT
    • Matriculated were admitted to 1st BE based on Intelligence Level Aggregate (ILA)
    • Those who passed I.Sc(A) were admitted 2nd BE based on marks.
    • Those who passed I.Sc(B) were admitted to 3rd BE based on marks.

    Luyechun

    • Shwe Wa Gyaing Camp in Ngapali
    • Students from 7th to 10th Std were selected as Luyechun

    1965

    Education

    • On April 1, private schools were nationalized.
    • SPHS became No. 6 Botathaung State High School. Non-native De La Salle brothers left Burma. e.g Bro Austin to Malaysia, Bro Felix to Germany, Bro Charles to UK

    Luyechun

    • Khaung Daing Camp in Inlay
    • Program extended to Universities & Institutes
    • RIT : Sein Shwe, Hla Min, Zaw Min, Khin Than Myint Tin
    • IM(1) : Kyaw Sein Koe, Anita Aye Pe, Khin Maung U, Cherry Hlaing

    Decline of Economy

    • After detaining prominent members of Pyidaung Su (formerly Clean AFPFL) and new AFPFL (formerly Stable AFPFL), the Revolutionary Council & government sought help from left-wing Gurus (e.g. U Chit Hlaing who threw in Buddhist terms into “Burmese Way to Socialism” & U Ba Nyein who proposed indiscriminate Nationalization.
    • Burma Socialist Program Party (BSPP) was formed with core cadres. It later opened up membership for Ah Yan Party Win (Associate member). Party membership became a requirement for important positions.
    • Free Economy was replaced by rations (e.g. half a can of Condensed Milk per family) using the “Si Sar Oke”. It created a Black Market and the rising cost of living.
    • The Demonetization crippled the Industry and even had ripple effect on University students. Hostel students, whose money had been demonetized, had to be given free rides to return home.
    • Per Dr. Nyan Taw (SPHS63) :
      Both my father U Hla Taw (retired Chief of UMP/ DIG) and my mother Daw Marie Hla Taw together with Col Chit Yaing, Chief Justice U Myint Thein, DIG U Tin Maung Maung and DIG U Khin Maung Maung were taken away by MI (Military Intelligence) in 1964. My parents were released in 1967.

    Changes in Education

    Bachelor Degrees

    • Education
    • Law

    NRC rule

    • Enforced for Professional Courses
    • Bernard Khaw (First in Burma in the Matric of 1965) had to study Chemistry. He moved to USA and studied Chemical Engineering.
    • Chu Pu Thein (who scored highest marks in Physics in the first ever HSF Only exam in 1962) moved to Italy
    • Many had to study in RASU. Chemistry students had very high marks and/or ILA.
    • A medical student was expelled after he was “found out to be not 3 NRC.”
    • A few students who had been admitted to RASU because of 3 NRC were allowed to study medicine. They lost a year, but not their dreams.

    Names

    • There was discrimination against students having foreign names.
    • Two families. They were cousins. Those who retained non-Burmese names were admitted to RASU. Those with Burmese names were allowed to study professional degrees.

    Security Concerns

    • Shortage of rice (never heard before in the “Rice Bowl of Asia”) was transformed into “Tayoke Bamar Ah Yay Ah Khin”. Grapevine says that a lorry strategically placed “Beggars” around Rangoon.

    1969

    Men on the Moon

    Poem
    • Apollo 11 landed on the moon on July 20, 1969.
    • My poem “Men on the Moon” was forwarded by Mr. Hall (USIS) to NASA.
    • The poem was also published in the Guardian daily newspaper.

    69ers

    • Most of us graduated with BE. A few with BArch.
    EE69ers

    SEAP Games

    • Burma hosted the Fifth SEAP Games in December 1969. There were riots in the Thamaing College Campus which held some events (e.g. Boxing).
    Placard bearers for 5th SEAP Games

    News & Censorship

    • Nation newspaper was the first to be closed (by orders of the higher authorities). U Law Yone was detained. He later moved to Thailand and published the “Nation”. He eventually moved to the USA.
    • Finally, there were only four Burmese and two English newspapers. They published the news vetted and/or translated by News Agency Burma.
    • The two new newspapers were Loketha Pyithu Nay Zin and Working Peoples’ Daily (WPD).
    • The then Number One chose Shwe Oo Daung and U Khin Maung Latt as Chief Editors of “Loketha Pyithu Nay Zin” and Working People’s Daily (WPD) and promised them full authority. Some time later, U Khin Maung Latt was asked, “Do you want to be an Ambassador?” Daw Khin Myo Chit stepped in and said, “Ko Latt will go back teaching at his school”.

    Selection of Sayas and State Scholars

    • In the days of our teachers, the Dean & Professors had the say to select and appoint assistant lecturers, and to select bright students to apply for State Scholarship to study at the prestigious universities in the USA and UK.
    • Later, the Public Service Commission (PSC) was established to vet candidates for most positions.
    • Some engineers and architects had to join government departments as “Work Charge” while waiting to get permanent positions approved by PSC.
  • New Year

    New Year

    by Hla Min

    Updated : June 2026

    Hla Min

    Universal

    • January 1 is usually accepted as “New Year’s Day”.
    • Some countries celebrate it as a holiday.
    • December 31 is “New Year’s Eve”.
    • Some sing “Auld Lang Syne” to usher in the New Year.

    Old Calendars

    • The old Roman Calendar has only 10 months starting with March
      So, March signified the New Year
    • Some civilizations celebrate Vernal equinox or First Day of Spring
      e.g. Persian New Year
      So, the New Year will fall around 20th – 22nd March

    Lunar New Year

    • Falls around end of January or beginning of February
    • Celebrated by Chinese and Vietnamese

    Luni-solar New Year

    • Falls in mid-April
    • Celebrated by Burmese / Myanmar, Thai, Cambodia, Laos
    • Burmese New Year follows Thingyan (which means change)
      Maha Thingyan means Great Change (from one year to the next).
      Cula Thingyan means Small Change (from one month/yathi to another month/yathi)
    • 3 or 4 days of Thingyan (also known as Water Throwing Festival)

    Miscellaneous

    • New Year of the indigenous people
      e.g. Karen New Year
  • Contributions

    Contributions

    by Hla Min

    Updated : June 2026

    Author

    Hla Min
    • Author for five decades.
    • Wrote articles, poems, newsletters, translations, study guides and manuals.
    • 9 articles for the Encyclopedia of Asian American Folklore and Folklife. They can be read from Google Books.
    • Broadcast 220 Educational Videos on Facebook and YouTube.

    History

    • I love history, encyclopedias, stories and knowledge sharing. My beloved father, relatives, teachers, colleagues, friends, barbers and taxi drivers told me interesting stories. I hope that my posts can supplement the history books and encyclopedias.
    • I volunteered as a Docent for the CHM (Computer History Museum) for two years.
    • I was a member of HMEE (History of Myanmar Engineering) projects. U Ohn Khine (M70) and I served as contributors and proofreaders. We compiled the CD Supplement for the HMEE Book published in 2012.

    Volunteer

    • I served as Executive Committee member for selected organizations.
    • I was Treasurer and Vice Captain of RUBC (Rangoon University Boat Club).
    • I was Class Representative, Joint Secretary and Secretary of RIT EE Association.
    • I co-founded RIT Alumni International, which hosted the First RIT Alumni Reunion and Saya Pu Zaw in San Francisco Bay Area in October 2000.
    • I volunteered as an Organizer for SPZPs held in USA, Singapore and Yangon.
    • I co-founded NorCal RIT AA and served as BOD (Board of Directors) member.
    • I served as Vice President and BOD of TBSA (Theravada Buddhist Society of America). I was a Contributing Editor of Dhammanda Newsletter and the book “Paying Homage to Sayadaw U Silananda”. I was Master of Ceremonies at the Memorial Service for Sayadaw U Silananda.
    • I belonged to several Toastmasters Clubs. I am a DTM (Distinguished Toastmater). I served as Club Coach, Mentor, Ambassador, Area Director, Contest Chair, Test Speaker and Judge.

    My Dreams

    U Hla Min & spouse
    • Jules Verne said, “If one can dream, others can and will fulfill.”
    • I have realized my dream of getting the Sayas and Alumni connected physically and electronically. I founded the RIT Alumni (International) Newsletter in April 1999. I served as Content Provider and Editor of the inaugural RIT website designed by U Khin Maung Zaw. They helped the implementation of SPZP-2000 in USA and subsequent SPZPs in Singapore and Yangon.
    SPZP-2000
    RIT Alumni Newsletter
    • My second Dream was to help History projects. I served as a member of the HMEE project. With U Ohn Khine (M70), I compiled the CD Supplement for the HMEE book published in 2012.
    HMEE-2012
    HMEE Book
    • My third dream was to celebrate Three Anniversaries in 2024 : (1) Centennial of Engineering Education in Burma / Myanmar (2) 60th Anniversary of RIT (Rangoon Institute of Technology (3) Silver Jubilee of RIT Newsletter. With the help of alumni volunteers, we were able to record memories of selected Sayas and publish them.
    • My spouse, sayas and friends suggested that I should share my knowledge and experience while my physical and mental health are reasonably good. Several sayas, colleagues, classmates and some Junior alumni are GBNF (Gone But Not Forgotten).

    Request

    • It takes a lot of time to write, edit and organize posts into quality material that can be transformed into digital and printed books.
    • I request the collaboration from SME (Subject Matter Experts) and volunteers who share my passion.
  • Dark Moments

    by Hla Min

    Updated : June 2026

    July 19, 1947

    Arzanis
    • See Posts

    March 2, 1962

    • The Coup d’etat ended Parliamentary Democracy in the Union of Burma.
    • President Mahn Win Maung, Prime Minister U Nu & cabinet ministers, and Shan Sawbwas were detained.
    U Nu

    7th July 1962

    • It saw indiscriminate shooting at the student protesters.
    • The official death tally was 17.
    • Ko Aung Khin was hit by a stray bullet as he was returning from RUBC to his home in Windermere Road.

    8th July 1962

    • It saw the revered RU Student Union Building demolished.
    • The then No. (1) and No. (2) said that they did not give orders for the two sad events.
    • Some people reported hearing strange sounds and seeing strange images in or near the residence halls (e.g. Mandalay Hall). Some believe that there might be ghosts.

    1963

    • There were pamphlets and Sar Saungs commemorating the anniversary of 7th July.
    • The higher authorities gave ultimatum to the hostel students to leave.
    • All classes except those from the Faculty of Medicine and the Faculty of Engineering were closed.
    • Final exams were held locally (e.g. at State High Schools).
    • The schools were reopened in November 1964 under a new Education System.

    1964

    • The use of Intelligence Level Aggregate (ILA) system and the 3 NRC rule created a Tier System among the Once Equal Disciplines.
    • A sayagyi told his students, “If all of you go to medical and engineering, there will not be talent left to cover other important fields.”
    • There were some exceptions. Dr. Min Oo (in 1963) and Dr. Zaw Win (a few years later) stood Second in the whole of Burma in Matric. They chose to study Maths and received their Doctorates from Germany. Dr. Min Oo retired from McMasters University in Canada. He earlier taught in Germany and in the US as a visiting professor. Dr. Zaw Win is GBNF.

    Mid-1960s

    • Nationalization of Schools took place on April 1, 1965.
    • “Burmese Way to Socialism (Despotism, Nepotism)” created 2nd and 3rd Class Citizens.
    • Shortage of rice (unheard of in the “Rice Bowl of Asia”) caused unease. The problem was redirected to create a riot known as “Tayoke Bama Ah Yay Ah Khinn” တရုပ်ဗမာ အရေးအခင်း

    1974

    U Thant Ah Yay Ah Khin
    • “U Thant Ah Yay Ah Khin” ဦးသန့်အရေးအခင်း can be read in a book with rare photos. Htein Win Sar Pay ထိန်ဝင်းစာပေ has published books about the two Ah Yay Ah Khinn in 1974 and 1988. Ko Khin Maung Zaw mailed me a copy of “U Thant Ah Yay Ah Khinn”. At the 5th ILF (Irrawaddy Literary Festival), Ko Htein Win gave me a copy of the 8-8-88 Ah Yay Ah Khinn.

    Late 1980s

    1988
    • There were several more closure of the schools.
    • Many students lost three precious years of their lives (1988, 1989 and 1990). There were no classes, exams and Convocation for the three years. The 1st BE Intake of 1983 graduated in 1992. Those who failed the 6th BE in 1987 had to repeat again in 1991.
    • Some, who witnessed the events in March and August of 1988, had a long wait before they could freely express their experiences.
    • In August 1988, Dr. Tin Aung (Physics) and U Tun Aung Chain (History) were in the US as members of the Burmese Education Delegation. Dr. Tin Aung was elected in abstentia as a Patron / Nayaka နာယက of the “Sayas and Sayamas from All Universities and Institutes” Ah Phwe အဖွဲ့ supporting the 8-8-88 movement. Upon his return to Burma, Dr. Tin Aung was forced to resign.
      When Dr. Tin Aung’s pacemaker needed replacement, his former students from Myanmar and Overseas donated for his health expenses.
    Dr. Tin Aung
  • Abhidhamma Books & Courses

    Abhidhamma Books & Courses

    by Hla Min

    Updated : June 2026

    U Silananda

    U Silananda
    • Chief Resident Monk of Dhammananda Vihara
    • First Rector of IMBTU
    • Taught Abhidhamma courses in Burmese and English.
    • The course in Burmese is available in CD and MP3 tapes.
    • The course is English is available as a 3-volume book.

    Abhidhamma Course (in Burmese)

    This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is abhidhamma-book-1.jpg
    Abhidhamma (Burmese)
    • Sayadaw U Silananda gave a course at Dhammananda Vihara (then in Daly City) over several weekends.
    • Saya U Tin Maung Nyunt (M60) completed the course.
    • Some devotees converted the 26 tapes into MP3 format.
    • Ko Jeffrey (from Fremont) loaded them onto an MP3 player, and offered them as dhamma dana to students taking Abhidhamma courses.

    Handbook of Abhidhamma Studies

    • Three Volumes by Venerable Sayadaw U Silananda
    • Transcription by Sarah E Marks
    This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is handbook-1.jpg
    Abhidhamma (English)
    This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is handbook-2.jpg
    Back cover

    Dr. Nandamalabhivamsa

    Dr. Nandamalabhivamsa
    • He succeeded U Silanandabhivamsa as Rector of IMBTU
    • He taught Abhidhamma in Myanmar and beyond.
    • Fundamental Abhidhamma Part I was first taught in 1997 at Maryland, USA. The book was edited by Dr. Khin Maung U (First in Burma in the Matric exam of 1963). The second edition was published by the Center of Buddhist Studies (CBS), Sagaing Hills in 2005.
    • Fundamental Abhidhamma Part II was published by the Center of Buddhist Studies (CBS), Sagaing Hills in 2007.
    This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is abhidhamma-1.jpg
    Fundamental

    Fundamental Abhidhamma

    Part I

    • By Dr. Nandamalabhivamsa
    • First edition : June 1997
    • Editor : Dr. Khin Maung U
    • Myanmar-Buddhist Meditation Society, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
    • Second, extended edition : January 2005
    • revised : November 2005
    • Center for Buddhist Studies (CBS), Sagaing Hills, Sagaing, Myanmar

    Contents

    The History of Abhidhamma

    (1) Why is it called Abhidhamma?
    (2) Who is the author?

    (8) The role of Abhidhammattha sangaha
    (9) The role of Vibhavani
    (10) Ledi Sayadaw
    (11) Paramatthadipani, the critic of Vibhavani

    The Fundamental of Abhidhamma

    Chapter 1 : Citta
    Chapter 2 : Cetasika
    Chapter 3 : Rup (Matter)
    Chapter 4 : Pikinnaka (Miscellaneous)
    Chapter 5 : Vithi : Mental Process

    This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is abhidhmma-2.jpg

    Fundamental Abhidhamma

    Part II

    • By Dr. Nandamalabhivamsa
    • Version Dec 2007
    • Center for Buddhist Studies (CBS)
    • Mahadubodhayon Monastery, Sagaing Hills, Sagaing, Myanmar

    Contents

    • Chapter 5 : Vithi
      Mental Process
    • Chapter 6 : Vithimutta
      Passive Mental Process
    • Chapter 7 : Paccayasangaha
      Compendium of Causality
    • Chapter 8 : Kammatthana Sangaha
      Meditation Subject

    Kusalakari Monastery

    • Ashin Garudhamma teaches two courses at the monastery in Spady, Fremont.
    • One is Pali.
    • The other is Abdhidhamma.
    Gary dhamma

    Abhidamma Newsletter (1999)

    • Sayadaw U Silanandabhivamsa was Patron of Dhammachakka Meditation Center, Berkeley, C.A.
    • Abdhidhamma Newsletter was published by the Abhidhamma Study Group of DMC.
    This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is abhidhamma-newsletter.jpg
    Abhidhamma Newsletter

    Abhidhamma Newsletter
    Volume 1 Number 3 (April 1999)
    Adviser: Venerable U Silananda
    Editor: Maung Tin-Wa (Ph.D.)
    Editorial Board: James Cameron, U Aye Cho, Aung Khin (M.D.).
    Marc F. Lierberman (M.D.), Yan Naing Lwin (Ph.D.),
    Sarah E, Marks, Tin Than Myint (M.D.), Bach Dong Nhut,
    U Han Nyo, Phil Rohrer, Larry Rosenberg,
    Anna Spievogel (M.D., Ph.D.), Tin Myo Than (M.D.),
    Hla N. Tin (Ph.D.), Rita Adelman
    Graphic Designer: Scott Jordan
    Transcribing and Word Processing: Pat McMahon
    Published by the Abhidhamma Study Group of Dhammachakka Meditation Center, Berkeley, C.A.

  • Trips

    by Hla Min

    Update : June 2026

    Late October (2019)

    • Visited former classmates, colleagues & students in Singapore

    Hosts

    • Ko Zaw Tun (UCC) & Ma Kyu were our main hosts
    • Ko Ngwe Soe (Silver, UCC) & Ma Nu hosted us at their second home in Jahore.
      Silver took us to Melecca.
      Earlier he took us to Sentosa which was about to bring down the Lion Statue. He also wanted to jolt my memory of the “Myo Putt Ya Htar မြို့ပတ်ရထား”.

    Gatherings

    Mini gatherings

    • 69ers
    • M73 group with their Saya U Tu Myint
    • ex-UCC & ex-ICST

    Micro gatherings

    • Boe & Ma Phyu
    • Ma Pale & Ko Ye
    • Ko Zaw Tun & Ma Kyu offered Soon at their house (in addition to the regular ones at the Singapore Chan Myay Monastery).

    Early November

    • Continued our trip
    • KK picked me up at the Mingalardon air port and placed me at a hotel.
    • KK hosted two gatherings : mostly professional speakers and coaches.
    ILF
    • Flew to Mandalay to attend the 5th Irrawaddy Literary Festival. I was a Panelist at two sessions : one on Education and another on Poetry.
    Panelist
    • During a break, Ko Thein Htut (UCC) took me on a quick trip around Sagaing & Mandalay.
    • Did not meet Ko Kyaw Kyaw Soe. He had to take a trip to see his ailing son.
    • Received an autographed copy from Ko Htein Win (Dat Pon).
      He had to wait a long time before he could publish his photos and related articles about two Dark Moments in Burma : U Thant Ah Yay Ah Khin and 8-8-88.

    Mid November to End of December

    • There were several gatherings back in Yangon in November and December, 2019.

    RIT Gatherings

    • RIT 69er Monthly Breakfast Gathering
    • Golden Jubilee of 69ers (Main event at Gyogone Campus, Reunion Dinner organized by Ko Aung Min at his old office compound)
    GJ of Graduation
    • Lunch hosted by Ko Tin Win (Min)
    • Guest of the Class of 72 (M72 Annual Gathering and PZP, additional : Indian Lunch, Chinese Dinner)
    • Guest at All Mechanical Gathering /Dinner
    All Mech Gatherinng
    • Dinner by Ko Nyunt Htay
    Ko Nyunt Htay

    UCC / ICST Gatherings

    • Acariya Pu Zaw Pwe of UCSY/ICST
    ICST PZP
    • Several ex-UCC gatherings
      (MICT, Sweetie’s apartment, Soon Kyway by Ko Soe Win & KZ, …)
    Sweetie

    SPHS Gatherings

    • Wedding of Eddie Shein’s daughter
    • Soon for Uzin Saya Beatson
    With Sayadaw Beatson

    RUBC

    • RUBC Annual Regatta
    RUBC
    • Attendees include :
      U Tin U (Most Senior Past Captain), U Maung Maung Than Tun (Oldest Past Captain, GBNF), Dr. Myo Tint (Past Captain, GBNF), U Sein Htoon (Past Captain), U Myo Myint (Gold), U Tun Mra, U Tin Myint (GBNF), Dr. Thein Hlyne …

    MARB

    Veda
    • Visited the new Building
    • Thai Tarot Master donated Air Conditioners

    Sun Lun

    • Some meditation sessions
    • Received two books from Mi Mi Win (Junior Win) about her grand parents U Khin Maung Latt and Daw Khin Myo Chit

    Miscellaneous

    • Birthday Lunch by Ko Myint Toe & Ma Nwe
    • 49th Anniversary of Saya Dr. Soe Win and Sayama Daw May Saw Lwin
    • Thar Yay (Zeyar’s house warming …)
    • Nar Yay (Ma Cherry’s demise…)
    • Other gatherings :
      Ma Hazel,
      my friends,
      my spouse’s friends…
    • Thanks for the rides :
      Ko Ohn Khine,
      Ko Win Maung (Lake),
      Ko Tin Aung Win (Oscar),
      Ko Tin Win,
      Ko Ye Myint,
      Ko Aung Myin Bo,
      younger son of Y Patail

    Updates

    • There were restrictions (for Travel & Gatherings) during the pandemic.
    • Eighteen 69ers & several family members succumbed to Covid
    • Some ex-UCC — U Mg Mg Lay, U Mg Mg Gyi, U Aung Myint — are GBNF.

    Posts

    • 69ers
    • Gatherings
    • Literary Talks & Festivals
    • Pu Zaw Pwes
    • UCC Alumni
    • Visits