Category: Computation

  • Numbers — Three

    Numbers — Three

    by Hla Min

    Updated : September 2026

    Three RIT Sayas

    U Aung Myint, U Moe Aung, U Kyaw Sein (GBNF)
    U Moe Aung

    U Moe Aung (EE63)

    • Pen name : Tekkatho Moe War
    • Distinguished writer, poet, editor, publisher, zat saya, vocalist …
    • Chair of SPZP-2002 and SPZP-2010 in Singapore
    • Chief Editor and Publisher of Commemorative Swel Daw Yeik Sar Saungs for SPZP-2002, SPZP-2007 and SPZP-2010.
    • Chief Editor and Publisher of Commemorative Swel Daw Yeik Sar Magazine for Shwe YaDu (in 2014) and SPZP-2016.
    • Editor of RUESU Annual Magazine.
    • Chief Editor of RIT Annual Magazines and Hlyat Sit Sar Saung.
    • Compiled and published selected poems and articles.
    • Johnian.
    • Worked in Singapore, but moved back to Myanmar after retirement.
    U Kyaw Sein

    U Kyaw Sein (M65, GBNF)

    • Expertise : Mechanical Drawing, AutoCAD, Tinkering with devices
    • Posted and moderated several FaceBook pages.
    • Had minor health problems (e.g. vision)
    • Johnian
    • Passed away in Singapore

    U Aung Myint (M69)

    • Retired from Singapore Poly
    • Spend most time in Auckland, New Zealand
    • Hobbies : Painting, Posting motivational messages

    Three RIT Sayamas

    Daw Khin Swe Aye, Daw Tin Tin Myint, Daw Tin May Soe

    Daw Tin May Soe (ChE70)

    • Siblings / Older brothers
      U Myint Soe (C, GBNF) and U Mya Soe (C, GBNF)

    Daw Khin Swe Aye (Winnie, ChE70)

    • Spouse : U Ohn Khine (M70)
    • Younger sister of U Win Maung (George Tun, EE69er)
    • Cousin : Dr. Min Lwin (Maurice Hla Kyi)

    Daw Tin Tin Myint (Emma, ChE70)

    • Minthamee
    • Co-founder of Dana Sri Lanka (DSL)
    • Co-founder of Triple Gems Publication
    • Patron and Host of Pon Chan Chan Group in Singapore
    • Spouse : U Yu Swan (Don Min)

    Three 69ers

    U Shwe (EP69)

    • Treasurer for both the 69er HCF (Health Care Fund)
    • Joint Treasurer, EE69er HCF

    U Tin Htut (Harry, M69)

    • Pen name : Mon Yu
    • Hobbies : Music, Tai Chi, Writing

    U Thein Swe (EP69, GBNF)

    • 3rd Year Lu Ye Chun at RIT
    • Organizer for the EE69er gatherings
    • Knows names and nicknames of classmates
  • Numbers — Eight

    Numbers — Eight

    by Hla Min

    Updated : September 2026

    Engineering Eights

    Numerals

    • HIndu-Arabic numeral : 8
    • Roman Numeral : VIII

    Magggingas

    • Samma dithi / Right view
    • Samma sankappa / Right thoughts
    • Samma vaca :/ Right speech
    • Samma kamanta / Right action
    • Samma ajiva / Right livelihood
    • Samma vayamo / Right effort
    • Samma sati / Right mindfulness
    • Samma samadhi / Right concentration

    Precepts for Ajivatthamaka sila

    Abstain from

    • killing living beings
    • taking what is not freely given
    • committing sexual misconduct
    • telling lies
    • slandering or divisive speech
    • harsh speech
    • frivolous talk or talking nonsense
    • wrong livelihood

    Uposatha Precepts

    Abstain from

    • killing living beings
    • taking what is not freely given
    • ignoble conduct (sexual intercourse)
    • telling lies
    • intoxicating drinks and drugs that cause heedlessness
    • eating after mid-day (until next dawn)
      (a) dancing, singing, playing music, witnessing shows or entertainment
      (b) wearing flowers, using perfumes, beautifying with cosmetics
    • using high and luxurious seas and beds

    Importune Moments

    • Being born in hell
    • Being born in the animal realm
    • Being born in the Peta realm (of ghosts or ever-hungry beings) and in the Asura realm (of demons)
    • Being born as a long-lived Brahma in the realms of No-Perception (Asannasatta) and No-Form (Arupaloka)
    • Being born as a person in a remote borderland inaccessible to monks, nuns, and lay people
    • Being born as a person with wrong views
    • Being born as a man with no intelligence to understand the Dhamma
    • Being born as a man with intelligence but when the Buddha has not arisen

    Miscellaneous

    • Octave
      Eight notes apart
    • August
      Eighth month in the Gregorian Calendar
    • October
      Eighth month in the Old Roman Calendar
    • President’s Challenge Cup (RUBC)
      Inter-club Coxed Eights
    • Gallon
      Eight pints
    • Mile
      Eight furlongs
    • Sabbath includes 8th Waxing day and 8th Waning day
  • Obsolescence

    Obsolescence

    by Hla Min

    Updated : September 2025

    Lifelong Learner

    Opal

    In our younger days, Opal was a decent car. But, when one jokingly calls someone “Opal” (or “O Pei အို ပယ်” then one is obsolete (good to be ignored for getting old).

    T. O

    • Technical Obsolescence
    • Some artifacts can be found only in museums, antique fairs (by die-hard collectors).
    • Some technologies are disruptive.
    • Many automobile workers lost their jobs when robotics gradually displaced them. Those, who did not have alternate skills, were hit hard.
    • Secretaries (experts in shorthand and typing) found that their skills have been marginalized by the word processors, voice-activated systems and similar advanced tools.

    Thoughts

    • On the flip side, I might not have a good memory and a hobby of “connecting the dots” of seemingly diverse topics if I had early access to the wonderful world of Internet, AI, and Gaming.
    • Slate, Chalk & Talk, Log Table, Slide rule, Multiplication tables (up to 16), Grammar books, Pronouncing Dictionaries, and now hard-to-find artifacts trained us to remember (not rote learning per se, but using visualization and tricks).
    • Some people thought that I am either “brain damaged” or have an “unusual brain”.
    • One said, “You can write backwards faster than most of us can write forward”.
    • A few were not impressed.
    • A professor said, “You cannot earn money by being an expert in History in general, and History of Computing in particular.”
    • A manager said, “What is the use of knowing the Trivia (e.g. hobbies, awards) of your fellow workers?”
    • T.O. required me to unlearn some old skills, and to learn new “latest and the greatest” skills.
    Encyclopedia
    • For me, it’s easy to remember and too hard to forget. I know thousands of names.
    • After procrastinating for decades, I had a wake up call to dump my Trivia.
    • I have posted 2500+ articles and 220+ videos in the past few years.
    • I remember and appreciate the good old days.
  • Numbers — Four

    Numbers — Four

    by Hla Min

    Updated : September 2026

    Numeral

    • Hindu-Arablic numeral : 4
    • Roman numeral : IV
    • In Burmese : လေး

    Recent Buddhas of ဘဒ္ဒကမ္ဘာ

    • Kakusandha
    • Konagamana
    • Kassapa
    • Gautama

    Sacca / Noble Truth သစ္စာ

    • Dukkha ဒုက္ခ
      Unsatisfactoriness / Misery / Suffering
    • Samudiya သမုဒယ
      Cause of suffering
    • Nirodha နိရောဓ
      Cessation of suffering
    • Magga မဂ္ဂ
      The Path / The Middle Way

    Foundation of Mindfulness

    Four Foundations of Mindfulness
    • Contemplation of the kaya / body ကာယ
    • Contemplation of the vedana / feeling ဝေဒနာ
    • Contemplation of the citta / mind စိတ္တ
    • Contemplation of the dhamma ဓမ္မ / general objects — not covered by the above three

    Brahma Vihara Practice

    • Metta မေတ္တာ
      Loving kindness / Unbounded love
    • Karuna ကရုဏာ
      Compassion
    • Mudita မုဒိတာ
      Sympathetic joy / Altruistic joy
    • Uppekkha ဥပေက္ခာ
      Equanimity

    Guardian deities

    • Dhatarattha (East) ဓတ္တရဋ္ဌ
    • Virulhaka (South) ဝိရူဠက
    • Virupkkha (West) ဝိရူပက္ခ
    • Kuvera (North) ကုဝေရ

    Mahabhuta

    • Patthavi ပထဝီ
      Earth element
    • Tejo တေဇော
      Fire element
    • Apo အာပေါ
      Water or liquid element
    • Vayo ဝါယော
      Air or wind element

    Miscellaneous

    • Four sided figures စတုဂံ
      Rectangle, Square, Parallelogram, Parallepiped, Rhombus
    • Baseball
      first base, second base, third base, home plate
    • Games
      Four quarters (e.g. Football, Basketball)
    • Rowing လေးတက်လှော်
      Coxless fours, Coxed fours, Quadruple sculls
    • Education ပညာရေး
      Freshman, Sophomore, Junior, Senior
    • April ဧပြီ
      4th month of the Gregorian Calendar

    Posts

    • Computation
    • Digital
    • Number Systems
    • Numbers
    • Numerals
  • Nine

    By Hla Min

    Updated : Apr 2026

    Numeral

    • Hindu-Arabic numeral : 9
    • Roman numeral : IX

    Quality

    • Nine Qualities of the Buddha
    • Nine Qualities of the Sangha

    Month

    • September
      9th month of Gregorian Calendar
    • November
      9th month of the old Roman Calendar

    Computing

    • Casting out the Nines

    Posts

    • Computation
    • Numbers
    • Number Systems
  • Four

    by Hla Min

    Updated : Apr 2026

    Numeral

    • Hindu-Arablic numeral : 4
    • Roman numeral : IV
    • လေး (Four in Burmese)
    • စတုတ္ထ (Fourth in Burmese)

    Recent Buddhas မြတ်စွာဘုရား

    • Kakusandha ကကုသန်
    • Konagamana ဂေါဏဂုံ
    • Kassapa ကဿပ
    • Gautama ဂေါတမ

    Sacca / Noble Truth သစ္စာ

    • Dukkha ဒုက္ခ
      Unsatisfactoriness / Misery / Suffering
    • Samudiya သမုဒယ
      Cause of suffering
    • Nirodha နိရောဓ
      Cessation of suffering
    • Magga မဂ္ဂ
      The Path / The Middle Way

    Foundation of Mindfulness သတိပဌာန်

    • Contemplation of the kaya / body ကာယာနုပဿနာ
    • Contemplation of the vedana / feeling ဝေဒနာနုပဿနာ
    • Contemplation of the citta / mind စိတ္တာနုပဿနာ
    • Contemplation of the dhamma ဓမ္မာနုပဿနာ/ general objects — not covered by the above three

    Brahma Vihara Practice

    ဗြဟ္မာစိုရ်တရား

    • Metta မေတ္တာ
      Loving kindness / Unbounded love
    • Karuna ကရုဏာ
      Compassion
    • Mudita မုဒိတာ
      Sympathetic joy / Altruistic joy
    • Uppekkha ဥပေက္ခာ
      Equanimity

    Guardian deities

    လောကပါလ

    • Dhatarattha (East) ဓတ္တရဌ
    • Virulhaka (South) ဝိရူဠက
    • Virupkkha (West) ဝိရူပက္ခ
    • Kuvera (North) ကုဝေရ

    Mahabhuta

    မဟာဘုတ်

    • Patthavi ပထဝီ
      Earth element
    • Tejo တေဇော
      Fire element
    • Apo အာပေါ
      Water or liquid element
    • Vayo ဝါယော
      Air or wind element

    Undergraduate Classes

    ဘွဲ့ကြို

    • Freshman
    • Sophomore
    • Junior
    • Senior

    Baseball

    • First base
    • Second base
    • Third base
    • Home plate

    Miscellaneous

    အထွေထွေ

    • Four sided figures စတုဂံ
      Rectangle, Square, Parallelogram, Parallepiped, Rhombus
    • Games အားကစားပြိုင်ပွဲ
      Four quarters (e.g. Football, Basketball)
    • Rowing လှေလှော်
      Coxless fours, Coxed fours, Quadruple sculls
    Coxed Fours
    • April ဧပြီလ 4th month of the Gregorian Calendar

    Posts

    • Computation
    • Digital
    • Number Systems
    • Numerals
  • Three

    by Hla Min

    Updated : Feb 2026

    Numeral

    • Hindu-Arabic numeral : 3
    • Roman numeral : III
    • သုံး (Three in Burmese)
    • တတိယ (Third in Burmese)

    Triple Gems

    ရတနာ သုံးပါး

    • Buddha ဗုဒ္ဓ The Blessed One, the Worthy One, the Fully Enlightened One
    • Dhamma ဓမ္မ Teachings of the Buddha
    • Sangha သံဃာ Monastic Order of the Buddha

    Tipitaka တိပိဋက

    • Vinaya ဝိနည်း Monastic rules of conduct
    • Sutta သုတ္တန် Discourses
    • Abhidhamma အဘိဓမ္မာ Ultimate Reality

    Trinity

    • Father
    • Son
    • Holy Spirit

    Three valued logic

    • True
    • False
    • Don’t know

    Musical note

    • Ascent / Rise
    • Sustain
    • Descent / Decay

    Apollo Modules

    • Command Module
    • Lunar Module
    • Service Module

    Apollo 11

    • Neil Armstrong : Mission Commander
    • Michael Collins : Command Module Pilot
    • Buzz Aldrin : Lunar Module Pilot
    Men on the Moon

    Positive Color Model / RGB

    • Red
    • Green
    • Blue

    Traffic Light

    • Red
    • Amber
    • Green

    Speech / Writing

    • Introduction
    • Body
    • Conclusion

    Education

    • Primary
    • Secondary
    • Tertiary

    Khit San Sarpay ခေတ်စမ်းစာပေ

    • သိပ္ပံမောင်ဝ ICS U Sein Tin
    • ဇော်ဂျီ (ဦးသိန်းဟန် U Thein Han)
    • မင်းသုဝဏ် (ဦးဝန် U Wun)

    Early Schools in Burma

    • English School
    • Vernacular School
    • Anglo-Vernacular School

    Miscellaneous

    • Three Hindu Deities
    • Triangle : Three-sided figure
    • Triangulation : Surveying technique
    • Three Seasons in Myanmar : Hot, Rainy, Cold
    • Tricycle : Cycle with three wheels
    • Tripod : Camera stand with three legs
    • Trio : Group of three (e.g Kingston Trio)
    • Trilogy : e.g Three books about WWII by Cornelius Ryan
    • Trine : e.g Sign in Palmistry
    • Trigonometry : Branch of Mathematics
    • Triple Jump : Hop, step & jump
    • Transistor : Base, Emitter, Collector
    • March : Third month in the Gregorian Calendar
  • Demise of a Top Company

    by Hla Min

    Updated : Feb 2026

    SGI

    • Silicon Graphics Incorporated (SGI) sold $10,000+ work stations.
    • Its customers include the movie companies doing computer animation.
    • With the advent of powerful graphic chips and PCs which offer graphics and animations at reasonable prices, SGI folded.

    SGI Buildings

    • Computer History Museum (CHM) bought one of the SGI buildings on Shoreline Boulevard, Mountain View.
    • Google bought most of the remaining SGI buildings and created its GooglePlex.

    Caution

    • A top company may be toppled by competitors and innovators.

    Posts

    • Competition
    • Innovation
    • Obsolescence
    • Technology
  • Email

    When one is sending e-mail to specified recipients, one is pushing one’s message to others. The intended recipients may (a) welcome your message (b) defer to check your message (c) may ignore your message (d) flag your message as “junk” …

    Some e-mail systems send acknowledgement for important messages. Some may ask you to verify for the first time. E-mail systems may maintain “Black lists” and “White lists”.

    Some have multiple e-mails either with different email providers (e.g. Gmail and Yahoo mail) or even with a single email (e.g. one for private, another for business).

    Some email systems provide encryption.

    In one of my jobs, we could not specify sensitive information in e-mails.

    Do not assume that your deleted e-mail is gone forever. There is logical deletion and physical deletion. Even with physical deletion, copies of the e-mail may still linger in one or more mail servers and backup devices.

    Email providers will scan your e-mail (e.g. using AdSense or a Recommended System) to offer you targeted advertisements.

    U Khin Maung Zaw (KMZ, EC76) wrote :

    (1) One of the surprises we discovered while on an IBM mainframe system is that a small file which keep track of the email system had the heaviest activity. Part of this small checked the flags, like who in your distribution list had seen/viewed your message. We then acquired a SSD, Solid State Device, mainly for passing files and this email network file on SSD, and saw the high improvement in the overall performance.

    Heard from the grapevine that, later email systems attempted as such but it did not scale well as the user population exploded.

    (2) One of my directors at the time proudly let his subordinates know that he had no more than 20 messages in his inbox at any given time. Of course, he spent some time deleting them as they came in,

    (3) In my last company, email system had come very close to abuse, thousand or more messages a day, and people spent hours a day just for going through daily mails, this is even with the files. There are many times that you could even go through messages from immediate manager.

    Many of these messages originated from plethora of monitoring systems, hardware/infrastructural /applications, drove people nuts.

    (4) When we first started in my last company, in late 90s, everyone (not in the executive levels) had the inbox size of 20MB. It became minuscule as soon as we had, notifications came every day to remove/archive the old messages. In the mid-2010s the inbox size was at 250MB, that’s in Office365.

  • Digit

    by Hla Min

    Updated : Feb 2026

    Term

    • A digit may stand for a finger.
      The use of ten fingers for counting may have given rise to the Decimal Number System.
    • A digit may stand for a symbol of a Number System.

    Base

    • A Number System has a Base (or Radix). The Base specifies the number of digits used in the system.
    • Decimal Number System (Base 10) uses ten digits : 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.
    • Binary Number System (Base 2) uses two digits : 0 and 1.
    • Octal Number System (Base 8) uses eight digits : 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.
    • Hexadecimal Number System (Base 16) uses sixteen digits :
      0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F.

    Computing

    • Some early computers and calculators use Base 10.
    • Most computers use Base 2 internally. Since binary numbers are long, they are expressed externally using Octal and Hexadecimal.
    • Computers and programs support easy Conversion between the Number Systems.

    Digital

    • Digital displays (read outs) are common.
    • There are converters from digital to analog (and vice versa).
    • Digital displays (read outs) are common.