Category: Computation

  • Obsolescence

    by Hla Min

    Updated : June 2025

    Lifelong Learner

    Opal

    In our younger days, Opal was a decent car. But, when one jokingly calls someone “Opal” (or “O Pei အို ပယ်” then one is obsolete (good to be ignored for getting old).

    T. O

    • Technical Obsolescence
    • Some artifacts can be found only in museums, antique fairs (by die-hard collectors).
    • Some technologies are disruptive.
    • Many automobile workers lost their jobs when robotics gradually displaced them. Those, who did not have alternate skills, were hit hard.
    • Secretaries (experts in shorthand and typing) found that their skills have been marginalized by the word processors, voice-activated systems and similar advanced tools.

    Thoughts

    • On the flip side, I might not have a good memory and a hobby of “connecting the dots” of seemingly diverse topics if I had early access to the wonderful world of Internet, AI, and Gaming.
    • Slate, Chalk & Talk, Log Table, Slide rule, Multiplication tables (up to 16), Grammar books, Pronouncing Dictionaries, and now hard-to-find artifacts trained us to remember (not rote learning per se, but using visualization and tricks).
    • Some people thought that I am either “brain damaged” or have an “unusual brain”.
    • One said, “You can write backwards faster than most of us can write forward”.
    • A few were not impressed.
    • A professor said, “You cannot earn money by being an expert in History in general, and History of Computing in particular.”
    • A manager said, “What is the use of knowing the Trivia (e.g. hobbies, awards) of your fellow workers?”
    • T.O. required me to unlearn some old skills, and to learn new “latest and the greatest” skills.
    Encyclopedia
    • For me, it’s easy to remember and too hard to forget. I know thousands of names.
    • After procrastinating for decades, I had a wake up call to dump my Trivia.
    • I have posted 2500+ articles and 220+ videos in the past few years.
    • I remember and appreciate the good old days.
  • Data Security

    by Hla Min

    Updated : May 2026

    Background

    In this part of the world, three companies collect and monitor data to determine if a person is credit worthy. They provide a FICO score that is used by companies and institutions to determine the risk level of a person applying for a loan (e.g to buy a house).

    Sad to say, one company was presumably STINGY or not technologically savvy to provide multiple line of defense against intruders. Even after two of its subsidiaries were hacked, the company did NOT report the intrusion to its customers and the general public, most of whom now have to figure what lies ahead with their precious private data (such as social security number, credit cards …) stolen.

    Could this incident have been prevented?

    Personal Experience

    Many years ago, I had to use a Smart Card to enter the office building and to access computers. We were told NOT to use SSN and sensitive information in e-mails. We had to refrain from printing documents heedlessly, and to shred them (or put in special bins for shredding later).

    We had to take courses about
    (a) handling different types of data — private, sensitive, classified …
    (b) secure communication channels and/or secure data
    (c) integrity

    One company developed software to encrypt or replace sensitive data from e-mails, files, database. The test environment has to ensure that no sensitive data is leaked. A subtle assumption is that insiders may explicitly or implicitly be partners in crime.

    Some Incidents

    • the backup tape for personnel data went missing; The affected personnel had great pains to correct their profile
    • lap tops containing sensitive information were stolen; The information are not encrypted, or encryption with weak keys
    • a professor posted SSNs along with the grades; A few students started identity theft
    • without a unique national ID, many companies and institutions use SSN for storing/access records;
    • Phishing attacks or malicious companies set up with the intention of getting credit reports from unwary job seekers
    • a credit card was used in rapid succession at a different state or outside the country; Some credit card companies are good in sending alerts about fraudulent uses.
    • A bug fix made by a professor was NOT properly reviewed and validated

    Rationale

    I have touched only the surface of the security problem.

    Professor Dr. Than Tun was asked “Why should we learn History?”
    He replied, “To ensure that one is not stupid or dumb”.

    To paraphrase, “Why should we learn about Computer & Data Security?”
    “To save countless people from having sleepless nights. Losing one’s identity, assets … is intolerable”.

    U Khin Maung Zaw (KMZ, EC76) wrote :

    One of the first work items on the Data Security is the classification of the data, it depends on what kind (or items) of data is collected/stored in a given application, At some point, it is termed ‘Data Asset’ and have several categories as below.


    HBI – High Business Impact
    MBI – Medium Business Impact
    LBI – Low Business Impact
    PII – Personally Identifiable Information
    HSPII – Highly Sensitive PII

    Of course, the above is not the exhaustive list, and is UN, HIPAA – Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, has one of the strictest regulatory requirements.

    Posts

    • Data Processing
    • Data Types
    • Fraud
    • Malware
    • Regulation
    • Security
  • U Thein Han & Daw Khin Khin Htwe

    by Hla Min

    Update : May 2026

    Highlights

    Uncle U Thein Han

    Uncle

    • My lone surviving uncle
    • Turned 95 in April, 2025
    • Matriculated from St. John’s Dio
    • Entered Rangoon University in 1948
    • After graduation, he worked as Systems Engineer for IBM (International Business Machines) Burma, which rented / leased Unit Record Machines to selected Government Departments.
    • Later moved to USA
    • Retired from Montgomery County in Maryland

    Posts

    • Demonetization of K100 Note
    • Do you believe in luck?
    • My Barber
    • My Life Journey
    • My Stories

    Aunt

    Uncle & Aunt
    • Taught at Psychology Department at Rangoon University
    • Later moved to USA
    • Studied Library Science
    • Retired Librarian, Library of Congress
    • Was in charge of Burmese Collection
  • Four

    by Hla Min

    Updated : Apr 2026

    Numeral

    • Hindu-Arablic numeral : 4
    • Roman numeral : IV
    • In Burmese : လေး

    Recent Buddhas of ဘဒ္ဒကမ္ဘာ

    • Kakusandha
    • Konagamana
    • Kassapa
    • Gautama

    Sacca / Noble Truth သစ္စာ

    • Dukkha ဒုက္ခ
      Unsatisfactoriness / Misery / Suffering
    • Samudiya သမုဒယ
      Cause of suffering
    • Nirodha နိရောဓ
      Cessation of suffering
    • Magga မဂ္ဂ
      The Path / The Middle Way

    Foundation of Mindfulness

    • Contemplation of the kaya / body ကာယ
    • Contemplation of the vedana / feeling ဝေဒနာ
    • Contemplation of the citta / mind စိတ္တ
    • Contemplation of the dhamma ဓမ္မ / general objects — not covered by the above three

    Brahma Vihara Practice

    • Metta မေတ္တာ
      Loving kindness / Unbounded love
    • Karuna ကရုဏာ
      Compassion
    • Mudita မုဒိတာ
      Sympathetic joy / Altruistic joy
    • Uppekkha ဥပေက္ခာ
      Equanimity

    Guardian deities

    • Dhatarattha (East) ဓတ္တရဋ္ဌ
    • Virulhaka (South) ဝိရူဠက
    • Virupkkha (West) ဝိရူပက္ခ
    • Kuvera (North) ကုဝေရ

    Mahabhuta

    • Patthavi ပထဝီ
      Earth element
    • Tejo တေဇော
      Fire element
    • Apo အာပေါ
      Water or liquid element
    • Vayo ဝါယော
      Air or wind element

    Miscellaneous

    • Four sided figures စတုဂံ
      Rectangle, Square, Parallelogram, Parallepiped, Rhombus
    • Baseball
      first base, second base, third base, home plate
    • Games
      Four quarters (e.g. Football, Basketball)
    • Rowing လေးတက်လှော်
      Coxless fours, Coxed fours, Quadruple sculls
    • Education ပညာရေး
      Freshman, Sophomore, Junior, Senior
    • April ဧပြီ
      4th month of the Gregorian Calendar

    Posts

    • Computation
    • Digital
    • Number Systems
    • Numbers
    • Numerals
  • Numbers

    by Hla Min

    Updated : Apr 2026

    U Hla Min

    Value of a number

    Value of a number in positional notation depends upon the Base or Radix.

    In the Decimal system (Base Ten), 1001 has a value of a thousand and one.

    In the Binary system (Base Two), 1001 has a value of 9.

    Folklore

    • “One Thousand and One Nights” (also known as Arabian Nights) is from the Arabic Folklore.
    • Scheherazade told 1001 stories to defer her death.

    Numerical Palindrome

    • A palindrome reads the same forward and backward.
    • 101, 1001 and 123454321 are numerical Palindromes.

    Ramanujan and the Beauty of numbers

    Ramanujan was highly interested in Mathematics and ignored other subjects in College.

    Ended up as an employee in a post office.
    Bold enough to send his handwritten notes to Professor Hardy (Cambridge University), who sponsored him.

    Ramanujan later fell gravely ill.
    Professor Hardy went to see him in a hospital. He supposedly told Ramanujan that he rode a taxi cab with 1729 on its license.

    Ramanujan replied, “That is an interesting number. It is the smallest number that can be represented as the sum of two cubes in two ways.”

    1729 = 729 + 1000 = 9*9*9 + 10*10*10

    1729 = 1 + 1728 = 1*1*1 + 12*12*12

    Ramanujan’s works are still being studied and refined by Mathematicians.

  • Nine

    By Hla Min

    Updated : Apr 2026

    Numeral

    • Hindu-Arabic numeral : 9
    • Roman numeral : IX

    Quality

    • Nine Qualities of the Buddha
    • Nine Qualities of the Sangha

    Month

    • September
      9th month of Gregorian Calendar
    • November
      9th month of the old Roman Calendar

    Computing

    • Casting out the Nines

    Posts

    • Computation
    • Numbers
    • Number Systems
  • Threes

    by Hla Min

    Updated : Apr 2026

    Three RIT Sayas

    U Aung Myint, U Moe Aung, U Kyaw Sein (GBNF)
    U Moe Aung

    U Moe Aung (EE63)

    • Pen name : Tekkatho Moe War
    • Distinguished writer, poet, editor, publisher, zat saya, vocalist …
    • Chair of SPZP-2002 and SPZP-2010 in Singapore
    • Chief Editor and Publisher of Commemorative Swel Daw Yeik Sar Saungs for SPZP-2002, SPZP-2007 and SPZP-2010.
    • Chief Editor and Publisher of Commemorative Swel Daw Yeik Sar Magazine for Shwe YaDu (in 2014) and SPZP-2016.
    • Editor of RUESU Annual Magazine.
    • Chief Editor of RIT Annual Magazines and Hlyat Sit Sar Saung.
    • Compiled and published selected poems and articles.
    • Johnian.
    • Worked in Singapore, but moved back to Myanmar after retirement.
    U Kyaw Sein

    U Kyaw Sein (M65, GBNF)

    • Expertise : Mechanical Drawing, AutoCAD, Tinkering with devices
    • Posted and moderated several FaceBook pages.
    • Had minor health problems (e.g. vision)
    • Johnian
    • Passed away in Singapore

    U Aung Myint (M69)

    • Retired from Singapore Poly
    • Spend most time in Auckland, New Zealand
    • Hobbies : Painting, Posting motivational messages

    Three RIT Sayamas

    Daw Khin Swe Aye, Daw Tin Tin Myint, Daw Tin May Soe

    Daw Tin May Soe (ChE70)

    • Siblings / Older brothers
      U Myint Soe (C, GBNF) and U Mya Soe (C, GBNF)

    Daw Khin Swe Aye (Winnie, ChE70)

    • Spouse : U Ohn Khine (M70)
    • Younger sister of U Win Maung (George Tun, EE69er)
    • Cousin : Dr. Min Lwin (Maurice Hla Kyi)

    Daw Tin Tin Myint (Emma, ChE70)

    • Minthamee
    • Co-founder of Dana Sri Lanka (DSL)
    • Co-founder of Triple Gems Publication
    • Patron and Host of Pon Chan Chan Group in Singapore
    • Spouse : U Yu Swan (Don Min)

    Three 69ers

    U Shwe (EP69)

    • Treasurer for both the 69er HCF (Health Care Fund)
    • Joint Treasurer, EE69er HCF

    U Tin Htut (Harry, M69)

    • Pen name : Mon Yu
    • Hobbies : Music, Tai Chi, Writing

    U Thein Swe (EP69, GBNF)

    • 3rd Year Lu Ye Chun at RIT
    • Organizer for the EE69er gatherings
    • Knows names and nicknames of classmates
  • Two

    by Hla Min

    Updated : Apr 2026

    Bicameral Parliament ပါလီမန်

    • US Congress : Senate & House of Representatives
    • UK : House of Lords & House of Common
    • Old Burma : Upper House & Lower House

    Extremes to be avoided ရှောင်ရန် အစွန်းနှစ်သွယ်

    From ဓမ္မစကြာ

    • Sensual pleasures
    • Self mortification

    Meditation

    • Samatha သမထ — Concentration meditation
    • Vipassana ဝိပဿနာ — Insight meditation

    Nama-rupa

    နာမ ရူပ

    • Nama — Mental formations & characteristics
    • Rupa — Physical characteristics

    Number

    • Hindu-Arabic numeral — 2
    • Roman numeral — II
    • နှစ် (Two in Burmese)
    • ဒုတိယ (Second)
    • Duece, Duo, Duet, Duel, Pair

    Reality

    သစ္စာ

    • Sammutti sacca — Pannatti — Apparent reality သမုတိသစ္စာ
    • Paramattha sacca — Paramattha — Ultimate reality ပရမတ္ထသစ္စာ

    Rowing — Coxless Pairs

    ပဲ့နင်းမဲ့ နှစ်တက်လှော်

    • Stroke & Bow
    • ARAE Regatta Trophy — Venables Bowl : Won by RUBC crew (Tin Htoon & Harry Saing) at 1958 Regatta in Calcutta

    Two tier architecture

    • Front end & Back end
    • Client & Server

    Two valued logic

    • Constants — True & False
    • Truth table — 4 entries : FF, FT, TF, TT
    • Logic Functions — 16

    Worldly and beyond

    • Loki လောကီ — Mundane (Worldly)
    • Lokotra လောကုတ္တရာ — Supramundane (Beyond world)

    Chief Disciples

    အဂ္ဂသာဝက

    • Sariputtra ရှင်သာရိပုတ္တရာ
    • Mogallana ရှင်မဟာမောဂ္ဂလန်

    General

    အထွေထွေ

    • Ascent & Descent
    • Bicycle : cycle with two wheels
    • Binary number system : 0, 1
    • Bifocal : Having two foci
    • Back court & Front court — Basketball
    • Closed & Open — Case; Interval
    • Dilemma
    • Diode : Cathode & Anode
    • Dual & Primal
    • Duality — Principle (e.g Geometry, Logic, Linear Programming)
    • February — 2nd month in the Gregorian Calendar
    • East & West; Eastern & Western
    • First half & Second half
    • First term & Second term
    • Gemini : Heavenly Twins — Castor & Pollux
    • Gemini project : Two astronauts
    • High & Low
    • It takes Two to Tango
    • North & South
    • President & Vice President
    • Prolog & Epilog
    • Sports : Men’s Doubles, Women’s Doubles, Mixed Doubles
    • Tea for Two — Song
    • TF (True or False) Quiz
    • Two heads are better than one — Proverb
    • Two Phase Commit — Database
    • Up & Down
  • One

    by Hla Min

    Updated : Apr 2026

    Numeral

    • Hindu-Arabic numeral : 1
    • Roman numeral : I
    • တစ် (One)
    • ပထမ (First)

    Miscellaneous

    • Ace — ဖဲချပ်။ လေသူရဲ
    • First day of the month — လ အစ
    • January ဇန္နဝါရီ လ— 1st month of Gregorian Calendar
    • March မတ် လ — 1st month of old Roman Calendar
    • Monocle — မျက်မှန်
    • Monograph — စာတမ်း
    • Monopoly — စျေးကွက် ကို တဦးထည်းကြီးစိုး။ Board Game ကစားနည်း
    • Monarchy — ထီးနန်း
    • Monotheism — Belief in one god or deity
    • Single — တဦီးချင်း။ အိမ်ထောင်မရှိ
    • Singleton — Bridge ဖဲကစားနည်း မှာ Suit တခု မှာ Card တချပ် ဘဲရှိ။
    • Unique, Uniqueness
    • Universe — စကြာဝဠာ
    • Universal
    • Unicycle — စက်ဘီး
    • Union — ပြည်ထောင်စု (စသဖြင့်)
    • Unit — အတိုင်းအတာ
    • Unity — စည်းလုံးမှု
    Poem
  • Four

    by Hla Min

    Updated : Apr 2026

    Numeral

    • Hindu-Arablic numeral : 4
    • Roman numeral : IV
    • လေး (Four in Burmese)
    • စတုတ္ထ (Fourth in Burmese)

    Recent Buddhas မြတ်စွာဘုရား

    • Kakusandha ကကုသန်
    • Konagamana ဂေါဏဂုံ
    • Kassapa ကဿပ
    • Gautama ဂေါတမ

    Sacca / Noble Truth သစ္စာ

    • Dukkha ဒုက္ခ
      Unsatisfactoriness / Misery / Suffering
    • Samudiya သမုဒယ
      Cause of suffering
    • Nirodha နိရောဓ
      Cessation of suffering
    • Magga မဂ္ဂ
      The Path / The Middle Way

    Foundation of Mindfulness သတိပဌာန်

    • Contemplation of the kaya / body ကာယာနုပဿနာ
    • Contemplation of the vedana / feeling ဝေဒနာနုပဿနာ
    • Contemplation of the citta / mind စိတ္တာနုပဿနာ
    • Contemplation of the dhamma ဓမ္မာနုပဿနာ/ general objects — not covered by the above three

    Brahma Vihara Practice

    ဗြဟ္မာစိုရ်တရား

    • Metta မေတ္တာ
      Loving kindness / Unbounded love
    • Karuna ကရုဏာ
      Compassion
    • Mudita မုဒိတာ
      Sympathetic joy / Altruistic joy
    • Uppekkha ဥပေက္ခာ
      Equanimity

    Guardian deities

    လောကပါလ

    • Dhatarattha (East) ဓတ္တရဌ
    • Virulhaka (South) ဝိရူဠက
    • Virupkkha (West) ဝိရူပက္ခ
    • Kuvera (North) ကုဝေရ

    Mahabhuta

    မဟာဘုတ်

    • Patthavi ပထဝီ
      Earth element
    • Tejo တေဇော
      Fire element
    • Apo အာပေါ
      Water or liquid element
    • Vayo ဝါယော
      Air or wind element

    Undergraduate Classes

    ဘွဲ့ကြို

    • Freshman
    • Sophomore
    • Junior
    • Senior

    Baseball

    • First base
    • Second base
    • Third base
    • Home plate

    Miscellaneous

    အထွေထွေ

    • Four sided figures စတုဂံ
      Rectangle, Square, Parallelogram, Parallepiped, Rhombus
    • Games အားကစားပြိုင်ပွဲ
      Four quarters (e.g. Football, Basketball)
    • Rowing လှေလှော်
      Coxless fours, Coxed fours, Quadruple sculls
    Coxed Fours
    • April ဧပြီလ 4th month of the Gregorian Calendar

    Posts

    • Computation
    • Digital
    • Number Systems
    • Numerals