Author: Hla Min (Lifelong Learner)

  • Employment

    by Maung Maung Win

    Updated : May 2025

    by U Maung Maung Win (M61)

    I passed the final examination in April 1961 and was among the top five. Even with that result and an excellent resume, I found it very hard to get a job. I applied to many departments, but because Burma was not an industrialized country but based on agriculture and forest, engineering jobs were very scarce. At that time we would not have a clue and idea to apply for overseas jobs, e.g. in Singapore and many overseas shipping companies. We were the last graduates from the BOC College, as a matter of fact from a new complex, three storey with one on the left side of the building facing Prome Road. The ground floor was used as administration and office for clerical staff; the second floor for library; and the third for staff conference/meeting room. The adjacent extension also had three storeys. The ground floor of the first extension being used for car-park, the second and third floors being for lecture-theatres and offices for staff. The remaining two behind — used for lecture-theatres including T1, T2 and T3 and laboratories — were built not long ago in front of the BOC College building which was one storey building where some teaching staff and lecture-rooms and also engineering work shop with office for work shop superintendent and employees. The new complex was behind the Dome (Leik Khone) and also there was a rectangular shape pool of water in the front precinct including the Old BOC College that everything inclusive was the Faculty of Engineering, under the University of Rangoon.

    I think in 1961 the whole faculty was moved to the new larger complex, a gift from Russia in Gyogone, Insein township and also because the scope of engineering education became more extensive the Faculty of Engineering was shifted to Gyogone in 1961 and it was named the Burma Institute of Technology (BIT) but still under the Rangoon University. That time Dr Maung Maung Kha was the dean of BIT as well as professor of the Department of Physics, Rangoon University and U Sein Hla was the registrar. Both were very friendly and generous in dealing with staff and students. But the Burma Institute of Technology was still under the Rangoon University without any autonomy and independent entity yet. With the introduction of the new education system in 1964 the Burma Institute of Technology was renamed again as the Rangoon Institute of Technology with its own rector and independent authority as an independent technological university status until July 1, 1988.

    One day I was fortunate that I was called by Sayagyi U Aung Khin, head of the Mechanical through a friend U Aye (Mech. Retd. CE), my next door neighbour of my home town Moulmein and one year junior to me. Next day I went and saw him who asked me, whether I had an aptitude for teaching. As I was desperate to get a job I told him then and there that I was and on the same day 19 June 61 after writing an application, I got appointed as Assistant Lecturer through Sayagyi U Aung Khin’s generosity after the university senate approval. I will never ever forget Sayagyi U Aung Khin for his timely help to get a job for me when I was desperate after the job for which I appreciate, recognise and acknowledge his generosity, honesty and integrity as long as I live, I promise.

    Medium of Teaching

    When I got the job I had a pretty hard time in delivering my teaching of subjects and explanation in English because we were supposed to explain in English medium. Yes I tried a lot before I went into the class with a lot of practice in my room in front of the mirror; slow and steady I got the confidence and courage and I remember those four years from 61 to 64, it was a success that I could deal with the subject as well as the students. I felt quite satisfied because I enjoyed the company of students and their cooperation. Thank God for helping me out because I was educated not from a good grammar school but from an ordinary mission school where every subject was explained and taught in Burmese language and English speaking was not compulsory like Saint schools run by Catholic Mission.

    Involvement with Students

    A year later in 62 when U Aung Than (Mining) resigned to join the Mining industry, I got his job as a hall tutor in F-Block where only final year students were housed for two years until I got married in 64. Let me say something about the nature of hostels in Gyogone which was different from other hostels in Kamayut because there are only six adjacent 3 storey blocks namely A, B, C, D, E and F under three wardens who controlled and administered from their own residence on the campus for lodging, food, safety and security etc of students and each block had its own hall-tutor.

    Only in C-Block we had hair salon, reading room and student recreation such as table tennis on the ground floor. Many students played Chin Lone the Burmese traditional sport a sort of soccer made of cane usually any number of players can take part and play. Also many students played soccer in front of the blocks between lanes after their class for relaxation before dinner and many other took stroll after their dinner around Gyogone area. It was really fun and game for all students during their stay in the campus. Most of them were very friendly, obedient and co-operative which are the assets to become law abiding and responsible citizens and leaders of tomorrow.

    Before I forget let me say how generous was Sayagyi Rector U Yone Mo (I remember him as rector not as principal even though the Institute was still under Rangoon University) because he invited six hall tutors, U Tun Shwe (A-Block), U Myo Kyi (B-Block), U San Tint (C-Block), U Shwe Yi (D-Block), U San Tun (E-Block) and myself (F-Block) but U San Tun could not make it because he spent most of the weekends with his family in the city, to his residence in 8th Miles monthly to dinner with him over friendly conversation. I worked in that capacity for two years until I got married in April 64 and also U San Tun quit when he got married, so also U Shwe Yi got married and the rest three moved out and lived in A/L quarters like us slowly one by one. I moved out to live in the assistant lecturer quarters 16C (Upper East) being 4-units two storey building meant for four assistant lecturers and their families.

    Also I like to add something about Sayar U Tha Tun, B.Sc, F.R.I.B.A. (Fellowship of Royal Institute of British Architects), A.A. Dip (Lond.), A.M.T.P.I. (Associate Member of Town Planning Institute), F.I.B.A., officiating head of Arch Dept, who came along with me sometimes to the hostels, ate and chat with me because we were best of pals.

  • 1960 – 1962

    1960

    Matriculation

    • The Brothers at SPHS (St. Paul’s High School) were disappointed when the Paulians could not take the top positions in the Matriculation examination in 1960.
    • Dr. Thane Oke Kyaw Myint lost by a mark each to Austin Kyan (Myint Htoo), “Sanjay” Nyan Win, Arthur Hla Maung, a Chinese girl and Marie Nyunt. He only claimed the sixth spot.
    • Many Paulians won the Collegiate Scholarship award.
      They include U Thaung Lwin, U Myo Myint, U Than Htut, and Dr. Myint Tun.

    [Per TOKM] : There was a Chinese girl in the 4th position. Could not recall her name. Unfortunately she could not attend university due to the citizen status of her parents and she left Burma.

    Guinea Pigs

    • We took the last Government examination for Seventh Standard.
    • We would become Guinea Pigs for the changes in the Education System.
      We had to take the first HSF Only examination in 1962 in Burmese.
      We had to take the first Matriculation Only examination in 1963 in English.
      We had to take the last I.Sc.(A) examination.
      We had to attend the first ever 2nd BE at RIT.
      Our group is unique to have studied five years at RIT. Those senior to us studied four years after completing their I.Sc.(B). Those junior to use studied six years starting from 1st B.E.

    Olympics

    • Abibi Bikili (Ethopia) won the 26-mile 2-furlong Marathon barefooted at the Rome Olympics in 1960.
      He would win the Marathon at the next Olympics, but would be wearing shoes.
      He met a tragic accident, but continued to participate at the Paraplegic Games.
    • Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr. won the Light Heavyweight title at Rome Olympics. He turned professional and became World Heavyweight Champion for three times. He changed his name to “Mohammad Ali”. He is associated with the phrases : “I am the Greatest”, “Float like a butterfly, Sting like a bee”.
    • We did not have access to see Olympics live.
      We had to wait some time to to see the “Rome Olympics” documentary at the President (Thamada) Cinema. Brother Austin (SPHS) gave us a few tickets for doing well in the tests.

    ARAE

    RUBC team won the Willingdon Trophy for Coxed Fours at the ARAE (Amateur Rowing Association of the East) Regatta held in Colombo in 1960.
    Harry Saing (Bow, GBNF)
    Victor Htun Shein (2, GBNF)
    Sunny Teng (3)
    Tin Htoon (A60, Stroke)
    Sein Htoon (M63, Cox)

    RUBC

    Senior Novice Winners
    Kyin Tun (Bow)
    Nyan Win (Sanjay, 2)
    Micky Tan (3, GBNF)
    P Chabbra (Stroke)
    Frankie Ohn (Cox)

    • Saya U Thein Aung (Micky, SPHS59) became RUBC Gold. He also served as Administrator.
    • U Kyin Tun rowed for RIT.

    1961

    Matriculation

    • Robin Ban (Dr. Kyaw Win, SPHS61) placed Second in the Matriculation examination in 1961.
      His classmates include Saya U Htun Aung Kyaw (ChE67), Dr. Thein Tun (EP67)and U Sein Shwe (M67,Fourth BE Luyechun).
    • Lina Ong (GBNF) stood First.
    • It would be the last examination for the combined HSF and Matriculation examination.
    • In the following years, the students have to sit
      (a) HSF [High School Final] Only
      (b) Matriculation Only.

    SEAP Games

    Burma hosted the Second SEAP games.

    Burma dominated in several events :

    • Track and Field
    • Swimming and Diving
    • Boxing
    • Yachting

    1962

    Politics

    • Coup D’etat took place on March 2, 1962.
    • Sao Shwe Thaike’s son (Mie Mie Thaike) was a casualty, but the official reports stated that “It was a bloodless takeover”.
    • A 17-man Revolutionary Council was formed.
      According to Kyemon U Thaung, seven members did not know of the decision.
      Brigadier General T. Clift (Air Force) resigned.
      Commodore Than Pe (Navy, President of RUBC) passed away.

    Guinea Pigs

    • We had to take the first ever HSF (High School Final) Only examination with armored cars and security forces patrolling the street.
    • The examination was annulled for the Rangoon Division (claiming that the questions had been leaked).
    • We had to retake the HSF Only examination.
    • We were the guinea pigs of the “ever changing” Education System.
    • We would be the elite group to take Government examinations four times (without ever failing) : 7th, 9th (twice), 10th

    Two State Funerals

    • One was for Commodore Than Pe (Navy), Revolutionary Council Member & Ta Wun Khan (Minister) of Health and Education.
      He succeeded Sir Arthur Eggar as President of RUBC (Rangoon University Boat Club).
    • Another was for U Tin Maung Thant (“Ah Phyo Gyi”, alumni of Private Primary Boundary Road School), son of U Thant (Secretary General of the United Nations).

    Two Dark Moments

    • Official records said that there were 17 victims on 7th July, 1962.
    • Ko Aung Khin, who was returning home from RUBC, was hit by a stray bullet.
    • The Students Union was demolished on 8th July, 1962.
  • Dr. Aung Gyi

    Former Rector, RIT

    Former Professor, Civil Engineering

    Born from my parents U Ba Pu and Daw Aye Kyi in Namtu, Northern Shan States, Burma.

    Matriculated in 1949 from Myoma High School in Rangoon. After passing the 1st year engineering, BOC College of Engineering, Rangoon University in 1952, went to Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Mass., USA as a State scholar to join the second year engineering classes there.

    Was in Dean’s list during the studies in MIT; and obtained B.S.(Civil Engineering) in 1955 and M.S.(Civil Engineering) in 1956. After working as a junior engineer in Tippetts- Abbett-MacCarthy- Stratton Engineers, New York and Green Engineering Co., Boston for a year, returned to Burma in 1957 to join the Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Rangoon University as an Assistant Lecturer. Promoted to Lecturer and Head of the Department of Civil Engineering in 1958.

    Got married to Daw Mya Mya Mue in 1959. (Have a daughter and a son and two grand children from daughter who all live in Canada now.)

    Went to the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada on Colombo Plan Scholarship in 1963 for further studies. Obtained Ph.D (Civil Engineering) specializing in structural engineering in 1965 from the University of Alberta in Edmonton.

    Returned to Burma in 1965 and promoted to Professor and Head of Civil Engineering Department in 1966. Promoted to Rector of Rangoon Institute of Technology in 1971.

    Left Burma to join UNESCO as Programme Specialist in Applied Sciences in 1977 in Unesco Regional Office in New Delhi, India.

    Migrated to Ottawa, Canada to join the International Development Research Centre (IDRC), Canadian Research funding Agency in Ottawa as an Associate Director in 1981. Was then assigned to IDRC Regional Office in Singapore as Principal Program Officer from 1989 to 1992. Was transferred to IDRC Regional Office in New Delhi as Principal Program Officer in 1992. Was promoted to Regional Representative for IDRC Regional Office in New Delhi in 1995.
    Retired from IDRC in June 1997 and now settled down in Nepean, Ontario, Canada with wife.

    I look forward to seeing you all soon.

    With Metta,
    Aung Gyi

    Editor’s Note:
    Saya U Thein Aung (Met72, Mr. RIT68) volunteered to be Associate Editor for the commemorative issue of RIT Alumni International Newsletter for SPZP-2000. He compiled the biographies of the sayas and sayamas attending SPZP-2000. He also served as co-emcee of SPZP-2000.
    Sayagyi now have four grandchildren. The elder two are working.
    I was a guest on two separate occasions (around the SPZPs) hosted by Ko Wai Lwin in Yangon (a) one for Ma Ma Emma’s birthday (b) another for welcoming Sayagyi DAG and other sayas at U Nyan Tun U’s residence.
    Ko Ivan, Ko Fred, my spouse and I stayed at Saya’s house for two nights a few years back. Thanks

  • U Min Wun

    Brief Biography

    • Matriculated from Taung Dwin Gyi in 1949
    • Received States Scholarship to study BSCE at MIT and MSCE at Cornell University under the “Twinning Program” initiated by Sayagyi U Ba Hli.
    • Along with Saya Dr. Aung Gyi and Saya U Maung Maung Than (GBNF), Saya U Min Wun formed the first batch of engineering students to study undergraduate program in the US under the “Twinning Program”.
    • Upon return to Burma, he was appointed Assistant Lecturer. After one year, he was promoted to Lecturer.
    • He taught at RIT for three decades.
      Retired as Professor and Head of Civil Engineering Department.
    • Vice President, BARB
    • Advisor, Myanmar Pyet Ka Dein Ah Phwe
    • Advisor, Regional College Project
    • Advisor, Bagan Restoration Project

    USA

    • Worked at CalTran for 22 years.
      Retired at the tender age of 80.
    • Attended SPZP-2000
    SPZP-2000 A
    SPZP-2000 B
    • Saya meditates and chant suttas every morning.
    • Passed away in Southern California.

    Family

    • Sayagadaw is a member of the Ludu family. Her cousins include Saya U Hla Myint (Charlie, M65), Michael Lim (EE7), Dr. Thynn Thyn Lin, , Daw Kyu Kyu Lin (T75), Dr. San Lwin Lin (EC77), Margaret Lim (GBNF) and Daisy Lim.
    • Two sons, one daughter and four grand children.

    Gathering in SoCal (Southern California)

    Date : June 25, 2019

    Place : Temple City, Southern California

    Attendees :

    • Saya U Min Wun (C) – SoCal
    • U Tin Htoon (A60) – SoCal (Co-organizer)
    • Saya U Tin Htut (M60) – SoCal
    • Dr. San Lin (C62) – NorCal (Co-organizer)
    • Saya Dr. Tin Win (M62) – SoCal
    • U Cecil Teoh (C63) – SoCal (Volunteer Photographer)
    • Saya U Thauk Lin (Henry Lam, C63) – SoCal
    • Saya Dr. Tin Aung (K C Chiu, ChE63) -SoCal
    • U Aung Khin (EP68) – SoCal
    • U Tin Nwe (EP68) – SoCal
    • U Hla Min (EC69) and spouse – NorCal
    • U Tommy Chan (C72) – SoCal

    Event

    • Garawa at Saya U Min Wun’s house
    • Lunch Gathering at Seafood Palace
    UMW G 1
    UMW G 2
    UMW G 3
    UMW G 4
    UMW G 5
    UMW G 6
    UMW G 7

    Messages

    U Cecil Teoh wrote :

    Thanks to Ko Tin Htoon & Dr. San Lin for coordinating this Luncheon & Reunion of RIT Retirees.

    Saya U Min Wun wrote :

    Lunch Gathering!I have to thank you all , the RIT Alumni from near and far alike, for visiting my home to pay me respect and above all to have nice chats and also to enjoy the delicious lunch at New Seafood Palace. I am so glad to see you all as fit and healthy as can be at the age between 70 and 80. Even I am 88 years old I felt as young as you guys to have this mini-gathering. Thank you all from the bottom of my heart. Let’s keep up this noble tradition not only in Myanmar but also abroad. 

    With Metta. Min Wun

  • Mathematics Sayas

    U Aung Hla

    • Professor of Mathematics, RU in the early days.
    • Spouse : Daw May Than (Vocalist)
    • Son : U Mya Than (Guitarist). 
    • Saya wrote notes for Burmese songs. 

    U Kar

    • Minister of Education in the Care Taker Government
    • Rector, Rangoon University.  
    • Sons : Dr. Thein Maung (EENT), Dr. Tin Maung (Director of UCC, Rector of ICST)

    U Ba Toke

    • Professor (RU and RIT)
    • Rector, MASU
    • Taught mathematics to our sayas (then engineering students).
    • As a saya of our sayas, he was invited to the SPZP’s starting with SPZP-2000 held in California, US.
    • His life and journey can be read in the book authored by Saya Dr. Khin Maung Swe (Maung Thin Char).
    Book on U Ba Toke’s Life Journey

    U Net

    • Professor of Mandalay University.
    • Daughter : Khin Mar Mar was admitted to RIT, but she left after a few days to join MASU and study Physics. She did her Masters in Computer Science.
    • Grandson : Wunna Ko Ko designed and implemented the second RIT web site. He is an expert on NLP (Natural Language Processing).

    Dr. Chit Swe

    • Professor of Mathematics
    • Founder-Director of UCC,
    • Rector of RASU.
    • Saya founded UCC with the help of U Soe Paing, U Myo Min, and U Ko Ko Lay.
    • Saya U Soe Paing wrote “Computer Ah Sa UCC Ga” and several articles.
    • I posted 40+ blogs on “Memories of UCC”.
    Dr. Chit Swe

    Mathematics Sayas and Educators

    As an assistant to Dr. Chit Swe in his projects (e.g. “High School Mathematics”, “Children’s Treasury of Knowledge”, “TOSS (Team of System Specialists”), I worked with several Mathematics sayas and educators (Mathematics curriculum, …)

    They include U Tin Hlaing, U Sein Min, Dr. Khin Maung Win, Dr. Khin Maung Swe, Dr. Pyke Tin, Dr. Kyaw Thein, Dr. Saw Tin, Dr. Kyaw Nyunt, U Soe Min, U Soe Nyunt, U Soe Naing and U Sein Win.

  • Dr. Nyunt Wai

    • Old Paulian
    • Stood Fourth in Burma in the Matriculation of 1963
    • Taught in Myanmar and Malaysia
    • Hobbies
      Writing poems and articles
      Painting
    • Founder of “Sagar Pariyae” Facebook Group
  • News & Newspapers

    Broadcast on October 22, 2020

    NEWS does not stand for

    North, East, West, South

    Notable Events, Weather, Sports

    *****

    Collection and Distribution

    Before the Internet

    News Agencies

    AP
    AFP
    Reuters
    UPI

    Correspondents

    Local
    Foreign
    Special / Area / Event

    *****

    News Agency Burma (NAB)

    English Section
    Myanmar Section

    Select news for translation

    U Ohn Pe (Tet Toe)
    U Kyaw Min (Min Kyaw Min)
    Spouse of Sao Aung Myint

    *****

    Early Newspapers in Burma

    Myanmar
    10+ Morning Newspaper
    A few Evening / Weekly

    English
    Nation
    Guardian

    Guardian

    Features / Sections
    Breaking News
    World News
    Local News
    Editorial
    Letters to the Editor
    Articles / Columns
    Cartoons
    Poetry
    Horoscope
    Horse racing
    Examination results
    Lottery results
    Advertisements
    Special Supplements

    *****

    After Coup d’etat

    Many newspapers were shut down

    Four Myanmar newspapers
    including Loke Thar Pyi Thu Nay Zin (with Shwe Oo Daung as Chief Editor)

    Two English newspapers
    including Working People’s Daily (with U Khin Maung Latt as Chief Editor)

    WPD Newspaper
    WPD Supplement on Modern Burmese Writings

    ******

    Miscellaneous

    Censorship

    Decline / Demise of hard copy newspapers

    Need for Fact Checking of news on the Internet

  • May 8, 2020

    Ye Lay

    In September 2017, Peter and Win Mar hosted us at their house in Reading. We say first hand several expertise of their younger son Ye Lay.

    Peter asked Ye Lay to play music for his guests. He was the leader, guitarist, composer and vocalist of a band.

    During his visit to Myanmar, he would entertain his grandma with her favorite songs (e.g. Danny Boy). He would present his grandpa with his favorite “medicine” (Scotch Whiskey). Min Sway-Tin (Peter’s cousin) would arrange Ye Lay to give lectures (e.g. Python and applications) at the Physics Department and selected places. Ye Lay would also do programming / testing in the evenings and night for a project that he was working back in the UK.

    During our visit to Reading, Ye Lay had taken a break to consider his options :

    • study for a second Masters (specializing in AI)
    • study for a doctorate
    • work as software developer and SME (Subject Matter Expert) in the UK or abroad

    Peter asked Ye Lay to be my guide to visit Oxford University and to discuss with him at home and during the trip.

    I called Ye Lay the other day to inquire about Win Mar’s health. He said that his mom is doing well. Ye Lay and Min Ko are staying with Win Mar. Since Min Ko had rented a flat / apartment for a couple of months, Pru visits daily from the flat.

    Ye Lay remembered my chats with him. He said he had read my posts of his father’s final days (e.g. Ye Lay singing “Loch Lomond” and the trip to St. Andrew in Scotland for his second Masters degree). I requested him to archive Peter’s posts about cooking (e.g. recipes of his mother, grand uncles and grand aunts), his ancestors and photos.

    Ye Lay is adding “Cloud” expertise to his repertoire. I wish him success in his endeavors.

    Peter & Win Mar
  • To The Shwe Duo

    Poem by Tekkatho Moe War (Saya U Moe Aung)

    In memory of Saya U Tin Shwe and Saya U Hla Shwe

    U Tin Shwe (EP66, GBNF)

    U Tin Shwe

    U Hla Shwe (T69, GBNF)

    U Hla Shwe

    ရွှေ နှစ် ရွှေ သို့

    ရွှေနှစ်ရွှေ…..

    ဝေတော့လည်း တူ

    ကြွေတော့လည်း အတူတူ

    ငြူစူခြင်း ကင်း

    မျှဉ်းမျှဉ်း အသက်ရှူ

    စိုက်ထူမှတ်တိုင်

    မယိမ်းယိုင်ခဲ့…..

    မနိုင်ဝန် ပိ

    အလှည့်သင့်လာ

    သောအခါ မှာ

    ခန္ဓာအမွေ

    ကြွေသာ ကြွေလည်း

    မသေ ဝိညာဉ် ဝဲပျံနေသေးတကား ….။ ။

    ( ကိုတင်ရွှေ- လျှပ်စစ်စွမ်းအား နှင့် ကိုလှရွှေ- ချည်မျှင် သို့)

    တက္ကသိုလ် မိုးဝါ

    (၂၆ ဇန္နဝါရီ ၂ဝ၁၅ – ည ၉:၅၅ နာရီ)

    To the Shwe Duo

    Poem by Tekkatho Moe War

    Translated by Hla Min

    SHWE duo

    Blossom in unison

    Disappear together

    Free from complaint

    Even with thin breath

    Showed mark [of courage and wisdom]

    Never ever wavered …

    Pressed by burden

    At the awaited turn [of journey’s end]

    Body — inheritance [from previous lives]

    Succumbs [to failing health]

    Yet, “Wei-nyin” is fresh, alive and hovering.

  • P – T

    Psychology

    • Discipline
    • Department
    • Dr. Hla Thwin

    Queue

    • FCFS : First Come First Served
    • FIFO : First In First Out
    • Data Structure
    • Deque : Double Ended Queue
    • Queuing Theory

    Question

    • FAQ : Frequently Asked Question
    • Q&A : Question and Answer

    Retire vs. Re-tire

    • U Thaung Sein (Steeve Kay, EC70) is a Multiple Golden Sponsor of SPZPs. He told me,
      “You should not retire. You may re-tire (as in re-threading a tire).We will try to support you and your projects.”
    • I am retired from working to make ends meet.
    • Took a few on-line courses (for credit)
      Too taxing and slow
      Opted to audit 100+ courses (covering many subjects)
    • Listen to Blinkist
    • Listen to Merriam Webster’s Word of the day (WOTD) Podcast
    • Ride stationary bike for 40+ minutes daily
    • Write or revise several posts every day.
    • I am re-tiring as long as my physical and mental health permit.

    Rowe Co. Ltd.

    • Before nationalization, Rowe Co. Ltd. was one of the busy shops in Rangoon that offered a wide range of products.
    • My mom bought a Rayleigh bicycle for me.
    • Rosie (Mai Khin Nyunt, ChE71) still has a Rowe’s bag.

    Serendipity

    Some inventions are attributed to Serendipity.

    Three notable examples are

    • Discovery of X-rays by Rontgen
    • Discovery of Penicillin by Alexander Fleming
    • 3M’s Post-it notes

    Three

    • 3-D : Three dimension
    • 3-D Matrix
    • 3-D Model
    • 3-D Photo
    • 3-D Printer
    • 3-layer architecture

    Tie

    • Aequal (in examination result)
    • Joint champion
    • Joint winner

    Tie Breaker

    • 12-point game in Tennis
    • Extra holes in Golf
    • Extra innings in Baseball
    • Less misses in High Jump and Pole Vault
    • Lower body weight in Weightlifting
    • Overtime (selected sports)
      May need double or more overtime (in Basketball)
    • Penalty
      Penalty kicks in Soccer
      Penalty shootout in Ice Hockey

    Time

    • Calendar
    • Clock
    • New Year
    • Time Arrow
    • Time Management