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  • UCC — Selected Posts

    UCC — Selected Posts

    by Hla Min

    Updated : June 2025

    Prolog

    In the early days, there were no computers in Burma. IBM (International Business Machines) based in the USA and ICL (International Computers Limited) based in the UK had presence in Burma. Both companies were not ready to introduce computers to Burma. They were supposedly content with leasing unit-record equipment (calculators, tabulators, …) using punched cards (which were “reused” as wrappers of “zee thee htokes”). The companies maintained the machines with their staff. U Aung Khin was the IBM representative in Burma. U Kyaw Tha was the ICL representative in Burma. They were highly paid compared to the Government employees. Due to the policies then in place, IBM might not have “incentives” to introduce computers and computing technology to Burma.

    In the early sixties, Saw McCarthy Gyaw (Burma Railways) wanted to “upgrade” to an ICL computer, but the Coup d’etat in 1962 and subsequent restriction of foreign currency exchange (and budget planning rules) “effectively derailed” the idea of “computerization in Burma”.

    In the mid sixties, Saya Chit (Dr. Chit Swe) was Head of the Mathematics Department at IE (Institute of Economics). Saya Chit proposed the need of a computer for teaching and research to Saya Nyi Nyi (Dr. Nyi Nyi, then Secretary [Deputy Minister] of Education). Saya Nyi Nyi suggested the scope to be “extended” for a computer to serve the staff and selected students of the Universities and Institutes. Thus, the UCC Project was conceived”. Saya Chit later became Professor at Mathematics at RASU. Saya offered space at the Mathematics Department for the early volunteers of the UCC Project. Saya later obtained permission to use Mandalay Hall for use by the UCC Project before the UCC Building could be completed in Thamaing College Campus.

    Saya Chit served as the Founder/Director of UCC. He initiated the academic and training programs. He stressed the importance of technology transfer, leapfrogging technology, knowledge sharing (internally and externally), and challenging the staff and students to try their best. Saya Chit requested Saya Paing (U Soe Paing) to help design and implement the UCC project. Saya Chit also inquired the mother of Saya Myo (U Myo Min), who was working at IBM UK after completing his CA (Chartered Accountant) if Saya Myo would be interested to come back to Burma and help with the UCC project. Saya Paing “recruited” his friend Saya Lay (U Ko Ko Lay, GBNF) to help with the UCC project in general and with the UCC Building Design and Implementation in particular.

    It took a long time for UCC up and running. UNDP would be the Funding Agency. UNESCO would be the Executing Agency. Saya Paing’s articles can be downloaded from SCRIB-D.

    Note : For several years, Saya Paing tried to recruit his top students — including my cousin U Thaung Lwin (EC66) — to help with the project and become the pioneer computer engineers.
    U Thaung Lwin, who was “Top of his class”, received an offer to join IBM BURMA. It was Good News and Bad News. The Good News was that he was offered a reasonably high salary (based on the then salary of engineers joining the Government Departments). The Bad News was that he would have to wait a long time until the first computer was purchased and installed at the CSO Computer Section, He had to maintain the “leased” Unit Record Machines for several years.

    Saya TAG (Dr. Tun Aung Gyaw, EC69) was the first and longest volunteer for the UCC Project. Saya Paing transferred from the Department of Electrical Engineering (EE) at RIT to UCC as Manager of the Systems Division. Saya Lay transferred from PWD to UCC. Saya Myo joined UCC. The three served as Managers for Systems, Operations, Applications (Scientific, Business …) .

    I was fortunate enough to be a member of GENERATION ZERO along with my mentors and Saya TAG. Saya Paing left UCC in the eighties to pursue a career as Technical Adviser and Consultant for the UN projects in several countries. Saya has documented his experiences from the early States Scholarship in the USA to the UN assignments.

    Since there are blanks to be filled in the history of UCC, DCS ICST (Institute of Computer Science and Technology) and UCSY (University of Computer Studies Yangon), several people asked me to take the challenge or at the very least motivate others to share their experience and journey regarding IT in Burma.
    Relying on (a) my memory, which is reasonably good but imperfect,
    (b) my story telling skills which I inherited from my father, “THIN SAYA”, “MYIN SAYA”, and “KYAR SAYA”, (c) my training in “Communication and Leadership” from Toastmasters International to become a DTM (Distinguished Toastmaster), (d) my experience as a freelance writer, editor, translator, editor, coach, mentor, I have tried my best to prepare material in the form of readable chunks.
    I am confident that other interested sayas and alumni will help enhance the document with photos and anecdotes.

    GBNF

    The following is a partial list of GBNF (Gone But Not Forgotten) from UCC. Some descriptions are brief. Some entries have been covered in detail in other posts.

    • Dr. Chit Swe — Founder-Director of UCC; Saya passed away in Sydney Australia in 2019
    Dr. Chit Swe
    • Dr. Tin Maung — Succeeded Saya Chit as Director of UCC; During his tenure, Department of Computer Science & Institute of Computer Science and Technology (ICST) with Saya as Rector were established.
    • U Ko Ko Lay — Co-founder of UCC; Saya served as Operations Manager, Scientific Applications Manager, Professor at DCS and ICST
    • U Aung Zaw — Wrote lecture guides and manuals with Saya Paing and me; Taught at UCC, CSO, Asssumption Univeristy and Sydney; Passed away in Sydney, Australia in 2021.
    • U Mya Thein — Transferred from the Department of Commerce, Institute of Economics to UCC as Business Applications Programmer; Retired as Business Applications Manager; Taught at UCC, DCS and ICST, but also at ITBMU (International Theravada Buddhist Missionary University).
    • U Kyaw Nyein — Scientific Applications Programmer; Taught Numerical Methods and/or Numerical Analysis; Joined UN; During a UN assignment, his team was relocated due to war/conflict in the area.
    • U Win Naing — Science Scholar; 1st batch of M.Sc. (CS) with Systems Option; Scientific Applications
    • U Hla Min (EP70) — Chief Operator; Attended post-graduate course in UK, where he met his beloved; Early casualty (passed away at the tender age of 30+).
    • U Soe Myint (M72) — Retired as Pro-Rector of ICST
    • U Khin Maung Aye (M73) — 1st batch of M.Sc. (CS) with Applications Option; Railways
    • U Myint Aung (Admin) — Would often drive the E-2000 ferry.
    • Daw Khin Lay Myint (Admin) — Joined UCC as Secretary; Became BC.
    • U Shein Soe Myint (EC83) — Served in various capacities (Engineering, Teaching …); Passed away in Singapore while doing his Ph.D.
    • U Thein Tan — Attended M.Sc.; Close friend of U Zaw Tun.
    • U Aung Aung Thein — served in various capacities at UCC (Engineering, Teaching)
    • Daw Kyu Kyu Lwin — Ad hoc Tutor for Mathematics; Operator / Job Assembler; Transferred to SSB (Social Security Board) Computer Section.
    • Daw Win May Thaung — Operator / Job Assembler; Cousin: Ronnie Hla Maung (SPHS)
    • Daw Khin Mya Swe — M.Sc. (CS); Passed away in Lesotho
    • Daw Khin Toe Nyein — M.Sc. (CS); Classmate: Daw Pale (Pearl) Shein.
    • Daw Thida Aung — M.Sc. (CS); Classmate: Daw Thida Khin.
    • Daw Khin San Hlaing (Cynthia) — UCC Librarian.; M.Sc. (CS); Worked at (or attended) AIT; Passed away in Australia
    • Daw Nge Ma Than — Taught at UCC, DCS and ICST; Prisoner of Conscience; Spouse : U Myint Swe.
    • Daw Aye Aye Kyi — Operator / Job Assembler;Spouse: U Han Nyunt (SPHS)
    • U Maung Maung Gyi — Chief Operator
    • U Maung Maung Lay — Computer Operator
    • U Aung Myint — Computer Engineer
    • U Soe Thein — Business Applications Programmer

    Courses at UCC

    UCC Course

    Saya Chit was Founder/Director of UCC and Professor of Mathematics Department at RASU. Saya Chit arranged UCC to conduct degree and post-graduate diploma courses under the aegis of the Department of Mathematics, RASU. UCC also conducted training courses for computer users. Several distinguished Professors from US, UK and Europe lectured at UCC as part of the “UCC Project”.

    Saya Chit was succeeded as Director of UCC by Dr. Tin Maung (son of U Kar).

    Academic courses

    The courses given under the aegis of Department of Mathematics include :

    • M.Sc. (CS)
    • DAC

    Courses for computer users

    • COC (Computer Orientation Course)
    • CPC (Computer Programming Course)
    • Elective for Honors and Post-graduate in other disciplines
    • Intensive training (e.g. for the Population Census Data Processing)
    • Special training (e.g. for those selected as State Scholars)
    • Planning (e.g. for departments intending to purchase computers)

    Three Win Myint

    There were three people at UCC (Universities’ Computer Center) named Win Myint.

    Win Myint (1)

    U Win Myint and U Maung Maung Lay

    He was a High School Luyechun from Beik (Mergui). He was caught off guard when the then new Education System used the ILA (Intelligence Level Aggregate) to determine the admission to the Universities and Institutes. He found himself studying Philosophy along with others who supposedly had “low” ILA scores.

    Instead of using the marks directly, the ILA uses a “distribution” of the marks for each subject and gives a score from 1 to 20. The ILA system helped students with balanced marks. By having marks in the top tier for each subject, a student can get a good score.

    But a student with low marks in a subject (e.g. Burmese or English) would be penalized by the ILA system.

    Philosophy is derived from Phil (love of) and Sophy (Wisdom). The highest degree is called Ph.D (Doctorate of Philosophy). It is ironic that students with low ILA scores were forced to major in Philosophy.

    Ko Win Myint is an exception. He was determined to pursue a challenging career. Since he wanted to learn and work with computers, he enhanced his typing skills for both English and Burmese. It was a requirement for the position of Secretary at the newly formed UCC.

    Grapevine says that his interview at PSC (Public Services Commission) was fast and smooth. When he said, “I am Bet Thar (or similar meaning ‘I am from Beik (Mergui)’”, the PSC Chairman who was from Beik validated Ko Win Myint’s appointment as Secretary.

    He not only typed very fast, but he learned Computer Science and Applications quickly and proficiently. He became a programmer.

    Win Myint (2)

    • He majored in Mathematics and received Masters.
    • He was from SLR Settlement and Land Record dept.
    • He got appointment in UCC as programmer and then got UNV post at PG.

    Win Myint (3)

    He operated the cyclostyle (Gestener). The lecture guides were printed mostly on Sittaung paper and some on the Ye Ni paper.

    Lecture Guides

    “Introduction to Computers”, “Introduction to Computer Programming” and several Guide Books were written by Saya U Soe Paing, Saya U Aung Zaw and me. We thank Ko Win Myint (1) and Ko Win Myint (3) for the production.

    Dr. Thane Oke Kyaw Myint wrote :

    I had a different story about getting a job. I had only done 8 month internship, one of the tutors in medicine was transferred out. When Saya U Ba Than asked whom the professors wanted to replace her, they asked for me. I was called in by the Rector about posting me as tutor. When I told him I could not join not having finished my internship, he was so upset that “You want to erase with your feet, what I has written by hand”. I was made to report for duty. I went back and with the professor’s permission, I returned to finish my internship to get my medical registration.

    Soon, my friends and I had to go for interview with PSC. The Chairman of PSC was U Khin Maung Phyu. Both he and Dr U Ba Than were classmates with my father. As I went in U Ba Than said to U Khin Maung Phyu, “Ko Khin Maung Phyu, he is Ko Kyaw Myint’s son and I have already posted him to Department of Medicine.” U Khin Maung Phyu said, “How is your father?” I replied that my father was good. Then he said that I could go !!! Must be the shortest interview in PSC.

    History

    I love history including History of Computing and History of Myanmar Engineering Education.

    Why should we study History? Dr. Than Tun said, “So that one would not be stupid or dumb.” There’s an old adage, “History repeats itself”.

    A historian presents facts. He should not give his opinion.

    The historian from Smithsonian said, “There is no single correct history. There are often multiple competing histories.”

    I am grateful to my spouse, who said “You should pay back to your alma mater and your country.”

    Saya U Tin Maung Nyunt (M60) said that I should record my oral stories and put them to print for posterity. UCSY sayamas requested me to write for 30th Anniversary of ICST/UCSY.

    My beloved parents said, “Any thing that’s worth doing is worth doing well”.

    I have shared my memories about the early days of Computing in Burma.

    I am revising the posts.

    I hope that the readers will help “fill in the blanks” and correct errors and inconsistencies. Collectively, we can turn the posts into a reasonably good document worthy of printing (or at least publish as an e-book).

    Dr. Thane Oke Kyaw Myint wrote :

    When we conducted the Perinatal Morbidity and Mortality Study, the data analysis was from me at UCC. Ko Ronnie Myo Min and many UCC staff helped us with the data analysis.

    Dr. TOKM added :

    The next project we did was “Risk Approach in Delivery of MCH Care”. We did a prospective study on the risk of mothers dying during pregnancy and child birth. As the outcome was measured by “relative risk” and “absolute risk” it was much easier to analyse the data.

    Our team used 1MB handheld Sinclair computer for our study. Our team did not have monitors nor printers. Your nephew Peter (Khin Tun) worked out RR and AR on Sinclair, read the result on Saya U Tin U’s old TV and copied out the results by hand. Peter still had a copy of the final report. I left my copy at home and got lost.

    UCC Gatherings

    Over the years, I attended several mini-gatherings and gatherings hosted by UCC sayas and alumni.

    Yangon

    Saya U Soe Paing regular hosts gatherings (usually dinner meeting) at his house. Sayagadaw Daw Saw Yu Tint (Alice, T69) was my class mate. She also attended CPC course.

    U Thein Oo, Daw Than Than Tint, Daw Tin May Lwin and several others help organize the gatherings.

    U Thein Oo, U Htin Kyaw, U Aung Aung and several others provided us transportation to or from Saya Paing’s house.

    UCC 40th Anniversary Gathering

    • It was the Reunion of Staff, Teachers (Past and Present) and Students.
    • Daw Ngwe Tin, Aye Aye Myint and sisters, Maung Myint, who maintained the UCC building rooms were among the attendees.
    • Dr. Tin Maung (GBNF) was represented by Sayagadaw and Saya’s daughter.
    • There was fun and laughter, music and dances, and good old memories.
    • Daw Khin Lay Myint joined UCC as Secretary and then worked as Administrator Officer. She is now GBNF.
    • U Soe Myint (M72) joined UCC as Operator. He served as Shift Lead, expert in Mechanical Drawing and AutoCAD, and retired as Pro-Rector of ICST. He is also GBNF.

    UCSY Gathering

    In January 14, 2018, I attended the 5th UCSY Acariya Pu Zaw Pwe as “Generation Zero” representative and the “Most Senior” (not by age). Several attendees started their studies and/or careers at UCC.

    Sao Yan Naing, son of Dr. Saw Naing (SPHS59), gave me a ride to the Pu Zaw Pwe. He is a nephew of Dr Myo Khin & a cousin of Soe Lin Maung (UCC).

    Sydney in 2006

    During my visit to Sydney in 2006, I met several UCC alumni.

    Saya U Aung Zaw (GBNF) and Daw Kyawt organized a Reunion and mini-PZP for Saya Dr. F Ba Hla (GBNF) & Saya Dr. Chit Swe (GBNF). They were helped by U Sein Myint Maung & Daw Khin Aye Mu, U Htay Aung (Victor) & Daw Tin Tin Hlaing to name a few. I met Daw Thanda Htwe and “UCC Pha Yaung Daing”.

    U Sein Tin hosted a dinner and also created a short music video.

    USA

    Dr. Raiful Ahad (Fremont), U Khin Zaw (Cupertino), U Aung Myint Oo (EC84) and Daw Thida Khin (Fremont), U Sein Myint (EC76) & Daw Sao Mon Sint (New Jersey) and U Toung (EC69, Connecticut) hosted UCC gatherings (especially to welcome and alumni visiting US).

    Ivan Lee (M69) hosts an annual joint gathering for UCC and RIT sayas and alumni at his home in New Jersey.

    Singapore

    U Tin Aung Win (C80), U Zaw Tun and Daw Pale Shein organized buffet gathering. U Aung Aung, & Daw Kyin Mya are regulars at the gatherings.

    U Shein Soe Myint (EC83) is GBNF.

    Some (e.g. U Win Latt, Daw Myint Myint Thein) have moved from Singapore.

    Activities

    Table Tennis (Ping Pong)

    U Saung Tin (CSO) and U Thein Oo are excellent players.

    Volleyball

    Rafiul Ahad (who was 3rd in Burma in Hurdles) hurt his knee.
    Daw Nwe Nwe Win (Judy) is often the sixth member of an all-male team.

    Soccer

    UCC team (including Saya U Ko Ko Lay & U Kyaw Nyein) played against other teams in and around Hlaing Campus.

    UCC Dobat

    U Win Hlaing played the Dobat. Others (e.g. Maung Myint, U Hla Pe) would play Wah Let Khote (bamboo clapper) and Ya Gwin.

    Donlaba

    UCC used to celebrate Thingyan and Su Paung Donlaba.

    Dr. Chit Swe, Win Maung, Hla Min, Tun Aung Gyaw, Soe Myint, Khin Maung Aye, Daw Khin Khin Latt

    UCC had a Su Paung Donlaba for several years at Kaba Aye Sun Lun Gu Kyaung and other monasteries.

    The Donlaba monks would be offered Soon at the UCC Thingyan.

    There would also be Water Throwing and occasionally “Ye Pet Khan” to selected mandats.

    Ad Hoc Trips

    U Aung Zaw led some trips (e.g. to Maw Tin Zun).

    Soul Mates

    Some found their soul mates while working or studying at UCC.

    • Aung Aung & Kyin Mya
    • Aung Myint Oo & Thida Khin
    • Boe Ba Shan & Phyu Phyu Win
    • Kyaw Zwa Than (Jaws) & Khin Khin Kyu (K-cube)
    • Htay Aung & Tin Tin Hlaing
    • Myint Oo & Tin Tin Hla
    • Myint Swe & Nge Ma Ma Than
    • Myint Zaw & Nwe Nwe Win (Judy)
    • Sein Myint (Bei Gyi) & Sao Mon Sint (Cindy)
    • Sein Myint Maung & Khin Aye Mu
    • Soe Than & Wai Wai Than
    • Than Maung Maung & Khin Si Thoung
    • Thaung Tin & Tin Tin Aye
    • Thein Oo & Than Than Tint
    • Win Hlaing & Thida Kyi
    • Win Myint & Nu Nu Aung

    Khin Maung Zaw (KMZ) wrote :

    Ko Soe Myint Gyi was one of the very humble people I have ever known. He spoke very soft, never see him angry nor heard him raise his voice. Even though I am some years junior to him (he’s M72 and me EC76) he always treated me with dignity and respect. I really miss him, may his beautiful soul rest in peace.

    Anniversary Soon Kway

    U Thein Oo and Daw Than Than Tint Soon Kway at Yaw Sayadaw’s Kayung Daik.

    Attendees include

    • Saya U Soe Paing and Daw Saw Yu Tint (Alice, T69)
    • U Myint Swe
    • Daw Tin Moe We (Sweetie)
    • Daw Myint Myint Thein (Susan)
    Soon Kyway

    Dr. Htay Lwin Nyo (GBNF)

    • He matriculated from SPHS in 1968. Hewas admitted as Roll Number One to 1st BE.
      He was selected RIT Luyechun.
    • He graduated among the top of the EP74 class.
    • He studied Computer Science at UCC.
    • He received a Ph.D. in EE from Syaracuse University, New York.
    • His final job was as Part Time Professor at San Jose State University (SJSU).
    • He used the spare time for his hobbies :
      (a) Tinkering old cars (b) Painting (c) Cooking (d) Stock Market (e) Writing movie scripts
    • He did not miss a class. When he did not show up for a few classes, the students were alarmed and requested SJSU authorities to check his home. They found the doors locked. After a few days, they broke in to find him lifeless on his bed. Postmortem indicated an aneurysm.
    • Since he was single and had no next-o-kin in the USA, SJSU asked the Burmese Community to help. Members of the “RIT Alumni International” and BAPS helped with the fund raising for the final journey of HLN.
    • I was honored to push the incinerator, and later to scatter the ashes in the ocean. There was no next-of-kin of HLN in the USA. KMZ remembered that Kyaw Swa Than (Jaws, UCC) was HLN’s cousin. The missing link was supplied by some alumni (including Ko Ko Kyi). KMZ set up special web page for HLN. My poem was also posted there. I wrote about HLN’s Sea Burial for BAPS Newsletter.

    HLN Memorial Pages

    U Khin Maung Zaw (EC76, KMZ) set up the “HLN Memorial Pages” in the ex-RIT web site (which is now defunct). I wrote a poem “HTAY LWIN NYO“.

    BAPS Newsletter

    I also wrote “A Sea Burial for Professor Htay Lwin Nyo” for the BAPS Newsletter and the RIT web site.

    Ko Ko Kyi (EC72) wrote :

    Ko Hla Min, sad to read about Htay Lwin Nyo’s sea burial. I played a small part in notifying his first cousin Myo San Than in Toronto, when my brother called me from Birmingham, UK and informed me about HLN’s demise. Apparently, someone from California had contacted a friend of my brother’s and asked him to inform me, as he knew that HLN had a cousin living in Toronto. I informed HLN’s cousin Myo San Than, who called his elder brother living in Winnipeg, Canada. Subsequently, this cousin went to the US for HLN’s funeral. HLN was a good friend of mine, although he was two years my junior at RIT.

    Khin Maung Zaw (KMZ, EC76) wrote :

    I was actually a former classmate of HLN’s younger brother Aung Lwin Nyo in St. Paul’s High School [SPHS (6) Botataung]. All their brothers were OPs, HLN was 2 years senior to us, Old Paulians. I did not know HLN that well until we met again, the third time, at UCC. Of course he was part of our rival group while at RIT. Both of us ended up in US, he was several years earlier than me.

    We met again when he moved to West Coast, namely San Jose, California while I was in Seattle. We visited him in San Jose, went Yosemite among other places, he visited us in Seattle, went up to Vancouver, Canada. Couple of years moved, he became upset with me for a reason unknown to me at the time, refused to take my calls. I eventually met him on one of my visits to California, forced him to tell me why he did not want to talk to me any longer. According to him, there were some rumors back in Yangon about his demise, his parents were very upset and he surmise that it could have been me who spread these rumors. I had to swear to him that those were nothing to do with me at all, as I lost contact with everyone, family and friends, back in Burma at that time.

    So one could imagine my despair when I received a call, a year or so later, from Maurice Chee (M75) that HLN was found dead in his apartment, asking me if I knew him and also requested me to make an announcement on www,ex-rit,org site. I had to explain Maurice the background story, told him I would not do so until I have a solid information. I ended up calling HLN’s head of department at SJSU, San Jose State University. She assured me that they went to HLN’s apartment, broke it inside with the help of the Police. Sad news indeed. While Maurice Chee, Ko Banny Tan (M70), U Hla Min and RIT Alumni at BAPS, Bay Area alumni group, started working on the funeral, I called a friend, HLN’s cousin, in Manitoba, Canada, Kyaw Zwa Than (ex-UCC), to get the contact of HLN’s family back in Rangoon. I finally spoke with the elder brother, Ko Kyaw Lwin Nyo, who requested us to proceed with the funeral.

    PS: I met HLN’s elder brother for the first time, this passed November 2018, at the OPA, Old Paulians’ Association, dinner. My OP friends told me that Aung Lwin Nyo met similar fate, passed away while in his bed some years back. Myo San Than (as mentioned in U Ko Ko Kyi’s comment) is the younger brother of Kyaw Zwa Than. KZT’s family : KZT, his wife KCube (Khin Khin Kyi) and their two sons, Alex and Nicholas, have since moved to Denver, Colorado, USA.

    Daw Nge Ma Ma Than (GBNF)

    • Ma Nge (Theresa, GBNF) is the youngest child of U Aung Than (brother of Boyoke Aung San & Arzanee U Ba Win).
    • She matriculated from MEHS.
    • She graduated from RASU.
    • She studied and taught at UCC, DCS and ICST.
    • At UCC, she and Judy (Nwe Nwe Win) were considered as “UCC Twins”. Grapevine says that some guy approached them and gave each a copy of his “Yee Zar Sar” (love letter).
    • She found her love life U Myint Swe (ex-UCC).
    • During the Adhamma Era, she, her brother and U Myint Swe were detained by the higher authorities.
    • She became a Prisoner of Conscience.
    • I last met her at the 5th Acariya Puzaw Pwe of ICST.
    • Her health declined, but she kept on smiling. She did not complain about the aches and pains.
    • U Myint Swe reported the journal of her hospitalization and medical treatment.
    • Even in her final days, her thoughts were with former Prisoners of Conscience.
    Ma Nge at the hospital
    Ma Nge and her cousin

    U Soe Myint (M72, GBNF)

    • M72 friends call him “Phone Gyi Soe Myint”. At UCC, he is known as “Sunlun Soe Myint”.
    • His father U Thein Nyunt (Retired Secretary of Religious Affairs) was a friend and an early devotee of Sayadaw U Vinaya. U Soe Myint also served as Kappiya from his younger days.
    • He came to see me during my last visit and shared his knowledge about U Lokanatha (Italian American monk) and how he provided financial support to buy the land for Kaba Aye Sun Lun Gu Kyaung.
      He gave me a “Chone Hte” (for monk) to take back to the US.
    • On a subsequent visit to Yangon, we were sad to learn of his untimely demise.
    • On the fateful day, he made two trips to the Kaba Aye Sunlun Gu Kyaung monastery, because he forgot his donation on his first trip. He also visited his nephew & niece who were having dialysis treatment. May be because of his karma or because of the trips he took that day, he passed away around 3 AM.

    Four Decade Old Photo

    • Win Hlaing
    • Henry Maung Maung (Census, GBNF)
    • Kyu Kyu Lwin (GBNF)
    • Khin Si Thoung (Busi Baung – USA)
    • Khin Khin Win (Five Star Line – USA)
    • Phyu Phyu Win (Singapore)
    • Win May Thaung (GBNF)
    • Tin Tin Yi (Port Authority)
    • Hla Hla Win (Wa – GBNF)
    • Aung Myint (AM, GBNF)
    • Soe Myint (Sunlun, M72, GBNF)

    Seven of the eleven in the photo are GBNF (Gone But Not Forgotten)

    Annotation by KMZ, AM, Judy, Sweetie

    Epilog

    Computer Science and Technology is continually evolving.

    There are two (or more) early definitions of Computer Science.

    • Computer Science is the study of phenomena surrounding Computing.
    • Computer Science is the study of Algorithms and Data Structures.

    The first definition has the same flavor as a definition of Physics. It is general to say, “Physics is the study of natural phenomena.”

    The second definition might sound restrictive, but it still covers a lot of topics and application.

    There is a book called “PROGRAM = ALGORITHMS + DATA STRUCTURES”.

    Professor Donald Knuth (Stanford University) thought that he could finish his 7-volume book “THE ART OF COMPUTER PROGRAMMING” in a couple of years. It was an under-estimate of the growth of Computers, Computer Science and Applications. It took over two decades to complete and revise the first three volumes and part of the fourth volume. One reason was that his book contributed to the growth of the Design and Analysis of Algorithms.

    • I have covered some topics in the early days of Computing in general and UCC in particular.
    • I missed out several people. I mentioned many names, but did not elaborate on some of them.
    • I did not cover in-depth the PDP configuration and use, the introduction of PCs, and robots.
    • It would take a long time and I would not be able to fill in all the blanks.
    • I believe an idea that characterizes Jules Verne. “If one can dream, others can fulfill”.
    • I had a personal experience to support that idea. In 1999, I started “RIT International Newsletter” and dreamed that sayas and alumni will get reconnected electronically and physically. With the help of sponsors (including five Golden Sponsors), able and dedicated sayas and alumni, volunteers, supporters and well-wishers, the First RIT Grand Reunion and SPZP (Saya Pu Zaw Pwe) was held in San Francisco in October 2000. The world-wide SPZPs were subsequently held in Singapore in 2002, 2007 and 2010, and in Yangon in 2004, 2012 and 2016.

    I have paid back to RIT.

    I am now paying back to UCC, DCS and ICST.

    Thanks to my family members for supporting me in the endeavors to pay back to the institutions and my mentors that helped me develop to where I am today.

    I am confident that sayas and alumni of UCC, ICST & UCSY will enhance my posts into a document that historians will envy.

  • Kamma

    Kamma

    by Khin Maung U

    Updated : June 2025

    Dr. Khin Maung U

    First published in Ashin Kelatha Journal in 1999.

    by Dr. Khin Maung U

    Kamma is a Pali word meaning action or doing. In its general sense kamma means all good and bad intentional actions whether mental, verbal or physical (thoughts, words and deeds). In the Buddhist teachings, all physical (kãrya kamma), verbal (vacî kamma) and mental (mano kamma) actions are known as the three kammas. All beings perform these three kammas at all waking hours. All their work, great or small, is performed by means of these three kammas. These three kammas become inert when a person is asleep. In the case of a dead person, the three kammas cease to function as far as that body is concerned.

    In its ultimate sense, kamma means all moral and immoral volition. The Buddha says:
    “O Bhikkhus, I declare that volition (cetanã) is kamma. Having volition, one acts by body, speech and thought” (Aînguttara Nikãya).

    When any action of thought, word or body takes place, volition determines or causes its concomitants to perform their respective functions simultaneously. For this reason, volition is predominant in all actions. Involuntary, unintentional or unconscious actions, though technically deeds, do not constitute kamma, because volition, the most important factor in determining kamma, is absent. Thus, the real nature of action (kamma) of man is mental.

    According to Abhidhammã, 29 types of consciousness (Citta) consisting of (i) 12 types of immoral consciousness (akusala citta) and (ii) 8 types of moral consciousness (kusala citta) from among the 54 types of mundane consciousness (kãmãvacara citta) pertaining to the sentient realm, (iii) 5 types of moral consciousness (kusala citta) pertaining to the realms of form (rüpãvacara citta or jhãnas), and (iv) 4 types of moral consciousness (kusala citta) pertaining to the formless realms (arüpãvacara citta or jhãnas), are called kamma because they have the power to produce their due effects quite automatically, independent of any external agency.

    The eight types of supramundane consciousness (lokuttarã citta) are not regarded as kamma because they tend to eradicate the roots of kamma; in them, the predominant factor is wisdom (paññã) while in the mundane, it is volition (cetanã).

    Inherent in kamma is the potential of producing its due effect.

    Every volitional action is inevitably accompanied by its due effect just as every object is accompanied by its shadow. Kamma is action and vipãka, fruit or result, is its effect. If kamma is likened to a seed, then the fruit, arising from the tree, is vipãka, effect or result. As kamma may be good or bad, so may vipãka be good or bad. As kamma is mental, so vipãka, too, is mental; it is experienced as happiness or misery, according to the nature of the kamma seed. The concomitant material conditions may be advantageous (ãnisamsa) such as prosperity, health and longevity, or disadvantageous (ãdinava) such as poverty, ugliness, disease, short life-span, etc.

    As surely as water seeks its own level, so does kamma, given opportunity, produce its inevitable result not as reward or punishment, but as an innate sequence. From a Buddhist standpoint, happiness and misery are not rewards and punishments assigned by a supernatural, omniscient power to one that has done good or evil. The sequence of action and effect is a natural law of kamma.

    There are inequalities and many different destinies of human beings in the world. For example, one perishes in infancy and another lives to the age of eighty or more, one is sick and infirm and another healthy and strong, one is a millionaire and another a pauper, one is handsome and another ugly, one is brought up in luxury and another in misery, one is a genius and another a half-wit.

    What is the cause of these inequalities? The Buddha’s reply is:
    “All living beings have actions (kamma) as their own, their inheritance, their congenital cause, their kinsman, their refuge. It is kamma that differentiates beings into low and high states” (Majjhima Nikãya).

    According to Buddhism, the disparities that exist in the world are not due to blind chance. They are due, to some extent, to heredity and environment, and, to a greater extent, to kamma which includes not only the present kamma, but also the proximate or remote past kamma. While Buddhism teaches that kamma is the chief cause of inequalities in the world, it does not teach fatalism or the doctrine of pre-destination.

    In the Aînguttara Nikãya, the Buddha states: “If anyone says that one must reap according to his deeds, in that case there is no religious life nor is an opportunity afforded for the entire extinction of sorrow. But if anyone says that which one reaps accords with one’s deeds, in that case there is a religious life and an opportunity afforded for the entire extinction of sorrow.”

    Thus, Buddhism does not hold the view that everything is due to past kamma. Kamma is not fate. Kamma is not irrevocable destiny imposed upon us by some unknown power to which we must helplessly submit ourselves. The past influences the present but does not entirely control it, for kamma of the past as well as the present are in effect in the present. The past and present influence the future. One’s action (kamma) of a later day may modify the effects of one’s action (kamma) of a former day.

    One may at any moment change for the better or for the worse. In Buddhism, therefore, man has a certain amount of free will, and there is almost every possibility to mould one’s kamma. If this were not so, what possibility would there ever be of a man’s getting free from all kamma forever. It would be perpetually self-continuing energy that could never come to an end.

    What is the cause of kamma? Ignorance (avijjã), not knowing things as they truly are, is the chief cause of kamma. Dependent on ignorance arise kammic activities. Associated with ignorance is its ally, craving (tanhã), the other root cause of kamma. Evil actions are conditioned by these two causes. All good deeds of a worldling, though associated with the three wholesome roots of generosity (alobha), goodwill (adosa) and knowledge (amoha), are nevertheless regarded as kamma because the two roots of ignorance (avijjã) and craving (tanhã) are dormant in him.

    Who is the doer of kamma? Who experiences the effects? Volition (cetanã) is itself the doer. Feeling (vedanã) is itself the reaper of the fruits of action. Apart from these pure mental states there is none to sow and none to reap.

    Venerable Buddhaghosa writes in Visuddhimagga:
    “No doer is there who does the deed,
    Nor is there one who feels the fruit,
    Constituent parts alone roll on,
    This indeed is right discernment.”

    Where is kamma? Kamma is not stored anywhere within or without the body. It is not stored somewhere in this fleeting consciousness or in any other part of the mind or the body. But dependent on mind and matter kamma rests, manifesting itself at the opportune moment. Thus, kamma is an individual force, and is transmitted from one existence to another.

    Buddhism teaches that there is no permanent soul, no eternal, immortal soul that directs one’s action. So, if there is no soul, what is it that is reborn? The answer is kammic energy: the actions we have done. These actions do not disappear unless or until they have produced their effects. So each being has body and mind as a result of actions they did in the past or in the present, and thus this kammic action goes on and on.

    Kamma may be classified in many ways.
    Kamma is classified into four kinds according to the time at which results are produced:
    1. kamma that produces results in the same life-time (Ditthadhammavedaniya kamma);
    2. kamma that produces results in the next life (Upapajjavedaniya kamma);
    3. kamma that produces results in any one (or more) of successive births and is indefintely effective (Aparãpariyavedaniya kamma);
    (These first three types require auxiliary causes such as circumstances, surroundings, etc., to produce an effect.)
    4. and, kamma that does not produce any result (Ahosi kamma).

    The timing of the results of kamma depends upon which thought-moment is associated with the thought-processes (cittavîthi) of volition (cetanã). According to Abhidhammã one thought-process is completed at the expiration of seventeen thought-moments, consisting of seven initial thought-moments followed by seven javana states (at which point an action is judged whether it be moral or immoral, and kamma is performed) and subsequently by votthapana (determining consciousness) and two Tadãlambana (registering consciousness).

    Of the seven javana thought-moments, the effect of the first javana thought-moment is the weakest in potentiality, and is manifested in this life (Ditthadhammavedaniya kamma). If it does not operate in this life, it becomes ineffective (Ahosi kamma).

    The next weakest is the seventh javana thought-moment; its effect is reaped in the subsequent birth (Upapajjavedaniya kamma). This, too, becomes ineffective (Ahosi kamma) if it does not operate in the next rebirth.

    The effect of the five intermediate javana thought-moments (Aparãpariyavedaniya kamma) may take place at any time in the course of one’s wanderings in life continua (Samsãrã) until the final emancipation. No person – not even the Buddha and Arahants – is exempt from this kamma.

    Kamma is also classified into four kinds according to its particular function (kicca):
    1. Janaka (Reproductive) kamma which conditions the next rebirth;
    2. Upatthambhaka (Supportive) kamma which assists or maintains the results of already-existing kamma;
    3. Upapilaka (Counteractive) kamma which suppresses or modifies the result of the reproductive kamma; and
    4. Upaghãtaka (Destructive) kamma which destroys the force of existing kamma and substitutes its own resultants.

    Again, it is the last (seventh) javana thought-process – Janaka (Reproductive) kamma – that determines the state of a person in his/her subsequent birth. As a rule, the last javana thought-process depends on the general conduct of a person. In exceptional cases, perhaps due to favorable or unfavorable circumstances, at the moment of death a good person may experience a bad last javana thought and a bad person a good one. The subsequent birth will be determined by this last javana thought-process, irrespective of the general conduct. This does not mean that the effects of the past actions are obliterated. They will, in turn, produce their inevitable results at the appropriate moment.

    o assist and maintain or to weaken and obstruct the fruition of this reproductive (Janaka) kamma, another past kamma may intervene, being supportive (Upatthambhaka kamma) or counteractive (Upapilaka kamma), respectively.

    The reproductive (Janaka) kamma can be totally annulled by Upaghãtaka (Destructive) kamma which is a more powerful opposing past kamma, that, seeking an opportunity, may quite unexpectedly operate; it is more powerful than the above two in that it not only obstructs but also destroys the whole force of existing kamma.

    There is another classification of kamma according to the priority of effect:
    1. Garuka (Weighty or serious) kamma which produces its effects for certain in the present life or in the next (On the moral side, these weighty actions are the jhanas, while on the immoral side, they are heinous crimes (ãnantariya kamma) namely, matricide, parricide, the murder of an Arahant, the wounding of the Buddha, and the creation of a schism in the Sangha);
    2. Ãsanna (death proximate) kamma which is the action that one does or recollects – mentally or physically – immediately before the moment of death and it determines the conditions of the next birth;
    3. Ãcinna (habitual) kamma which is action that one performs and recollects constantly, and in the absence of death-proximate kamma, produces and determines the next birth; and
    4. Katattã kamma which is the last in priority of results and is the unexpended kamma of a particular being that has followed him/her through the continua of kappas (Samsãrã), and it conditions the next birth if there is none of the above kammas to operate.

    Kamma is further classified according to the place in which the results are produced:
    (1) Immoral (akusala) kamma that produces its effects in the plane of misery: Immoral (akusala) kamma is rooted in greed (Lobha), anger (Dosa) and delusion (Moha). There are ten immoral (akusala) actions (kamma):
    • killing (pãnãtipãtã),
    • stealing (adinnãdãnã),
    • sexual misconduct (kãmesu micchãcãrã)
    {these three are committed by deed},
    • lying (musãvãdã),
    • slandering (pisunãvãcã),
    • harsh language (pharusãvãcã),
    • frivolous talk (samphappalãpa) {these four are committed by word},
    • covetousness (abhijjhã),
    • ill will (vyãpãda), and
    • false view (micchãditthi)
    {these three are committed by mind}.
    (2) Moral (kusala) kamma which produces its effects in the plane of the world of desires: There are ten moral (kusala) actions (kamma):
    • alms-giving (dãna),
    • observance of five or eight precepts (sîla),
    • practicing meditation (bhãvanã),
    • reverence (apacãyana),
    • service (veyyãvacca),
    • sharing of merit (pattidãna),
    • rejoicing in others’ good actions (pattãnumodanã),
    • hearing the doctrine (dhammasavana),
    • expounding the doctrine (dhammadesanã),
    • and, forming correct views (ditthijukamma).
    (3) Moral (kusala) kamma that produces its effects in the realms of form (Rupa): It is of five types, which are purely mental actions (meditation) leading to the five states of rüpa jhãna.
    (4) Moral (kusala) kamma which produces its effect in the formless realms: These are four types of purely mental actions (meditation) leading to four types of moral consciousness (arüpa jhãna).

    Kammasakatã Sammã-ditthi: Right understanding of the truth about the fact that in the case of beings only the two things – namely, good and bad actions done by them – are their own possessions that always accompany them throughout their life continua, wherever they may wander in Samsãrã.

    1. Sabbe sattã kammasakã: Only the volitional good or bad actions done by all sentient beings are their own possessions that always accompany them wherever they may wander in Samsãrã.

    2. Sabbe sattã Kamma dãyãdã: All beings are the heirs of their own kamma (good or bad actions).
    The kamma performed by beings are always theirs in their future existences. Only Kamma is inherited by beings. The effects of one’s kamma always accompany one in many existences yielding good or bad results at the opportune moments. One can never get rid of that kamma, but one has to enjoy or suffer its results under appropriate circumstances.

    3. Sabbe sattã Kamma yoni: All beings are the descendants of their own kamma.
    With regard to the present good and evil results, one’s own kamma performed in the present existence with wisdom and knowledge or otherwise as well as one’s own wholesome kamma such as alms-giving, morality, etc., and unwholesome kamma such as killing beings, etc., performed in past existences are the primary causes (parents) of good and evil results.

    4. Sabbe sattã Kamma bandhü: Kamma alone is the real relative that all beings can rely on through their life continua in Samsãrã.
    Parents, brothers, relatives, etc, whom we love and rely upon, can be loved and relied upon for only a short period, i.e., before our death. One’s own physical, verbal and mental kamma are one’s constant companions who accompany one in future existences, wholesome kamma giving happiness and prosperity. Thus, one’s wholesome kamma alone is one’s real relative who should be esteemed and relied upon.

    5. Sabbe sattã Kamma patisaranã: Kamma alone is the real refuge of all beings.
    Here, refuge means reliance upon or taking shelter for protection against troubles and dangers. Unwholesome kamma will lead one to be reborn to the lower world where one has to suffer grievously. Performing wholesome kamma will lead one to be reborn as a man or deva, and save him from the lower worlds in the future existences.

    In Buddhism, there are four kinds of taking refuge for the future:
    (i) taking refuge in the Buddha,
    (ii) taking refuge in the Dhamma,
    (iii) taking refuge in the Sangha, and
    (iv) taking refuge in one’s own wholesome kamma.

    This is explained by the following example. All worldlings who indulge in sensual pleasures resemble sick persons who, to be cured, would take refuge in the chief physician (the Buddha), in good medicines (the Dhamma), in the assistant physicians (the Sangha) and in following the physician’s directions (physical, verbal and mental wholesome kamma).

    The three refuges, Buddha, Dhamma and Sangha, exist only during the Buddhasãsana. They do not exist outside the Buddhasãsana.

    The refuge of wholesome kamma exists both within and outside the Buddhasãsana. We can never be free from kamma that is operating all the time in this universe as well as in other innumerable universes. For this reason, kamma is our refuge throughout our life-continua in Samsãrã.

    6. Yam kammam karissanti kilayãnam vã pãpakam vã tassa kammassa dãyãdã bhavissanti: Whatever good or bad actions are done by beings bodily, verbally or mentally, they become the heirs of their kamma.

  • Textile Engineering

    Textile Engineering

    by Hla Min

    Updated : June 2025

    Video Broadcast on January 1, 2021

    Discipline

    • Design and production of fabrics
      Natural
      Synthetic
    • Current offerings in universities include a multi-disciplinary program (e.g. Textile, Chemical and more)

    Textile Sayas

    U Maung Maung Than (GBNF)

    U Maung Maung Than
    • Matriculated in 1949
    • States scholar to study undergraduate and graduate degrees in Textile Engineering
    • Alumnus of Clemson University
    • Former Professor, Textile
    • Former Rector, YTU
    • Former DG
    • Chair, RIT Sports Council
    • Expertise : Chinlon, Harp

    U Shwe Yee (GBNF)

    • Early graduate
    • Former Professor, Textile
    • Daughter-in-law : Writer, speaker

    U Hla Shwe (T69, GBNF)

    • Former Associate Professor, Textile
    • Resisted “pressure” from Adhamma Authorities
      e.g. end class teaching and pay respect to “visiting” Taing Hmu
    • Received donations from former colleagues and students and some unknown alumni for his Medical / Health Care
    • Saya U Moe Aung (Tekkatho Moe War) wrote about him and U Tin Shwe (EP66) in “Shwe Hnit Shwe”; I translated the poem as “To the Shwe Duo”

    Female Engineers

    • The First batch include Sayama Amy, Sayama Julie, Daw Yin Yin Kyi and Daw Mi Mi Lay
    • The Second batch : Daw Khin Than Nwe (Margaret)

    Daw Tin Tin Ohn (Amy Thwin, T61, GBNF)

    • Joined Faculty upon graduation
    • Father : U Thwin (Principal, Boundary Road Technical School)

    Dr. Julie Han (T61, GBNF)

    • Joined Faculty upon graduation
    • Attended SPZP-2000 and provided a brief bio
    • Former Vice President, Theravada Buddhist Society of America (TBSA); Led fund raising to establish Dhammananda Vihara
    • Upon her demise, Saya U Htin Paw (EE58, former TBSA President) donated $2000 to Dhammananda Vihara in her memory

    Daw Yin Yin Kyi (T61)

    • Worked in industry
    • Met her twice : in the San Francisco Bay Area and in Sydney, Australia
    • Spouse : U Aung Gyi (Simon, ChE62)

    Naw Mu Mu Aye (T69)

    • Former Professor, Textile

    Daw Saw Yu Tint (Alice, T69)

    • Worked in industry
    • She and Saya U Soe Paing (EE, UCC) hosted gatherings for UCC alumni visiting Yangon
    • She and Ko Tint Lwin (Daniel, M69) sent photos and reports of the “30th Anniversary of Graduation of the Class of 69”.
      They are partly responsible for Yours Truly to started the RIT Alumni International Newsletter in 1999.

    Miscellaneous

    • Jimmy Kyin (T69, GBNF)
      Represented RIT in Swimming, Diving, Water Polo, Weightlifting and Body Building)
    • Hla Tun (T69, GBNF) fondly known as Japun Gyi
      Spouse : Dolly Gale / Ma Swe
    • Textile factories before Nationalization (and the decline of economy) include
      Khit Ah Kyaik Nylon : Parents of Saya U Tin Htut (M60) and Sayama Daw Khin Khin Chit Maung (Eng)
      Hun Tha Aye Nylon : Parents of Daw Than Than Yi (T61) and Dat Pone Sann Aung (M74)
      Fabric display and sales by celebrities on trains (Yangon – Mandalay lines)
    • Various kinds of fabrics
      Including those used by NASA astronauts
    • Modern technology
      Computers, Automation, Nanotechnology …
    • Poem in memory of Saya U Hla Shwe (T69)and U Tin Shwe (EP66)

    “To The Shwe Duo”
    by Tekkatho Moe War


    Translated by Hla Min

    SHWE duo
    Blossom in unison
    Disappear together
    Free from complaint
    Even with thin breath
    Showed mark [of courage and wisdom]
    Never ever wavered …
    Pressed by burden
    At the awaited turn [of journey’s end]
    Body — inheritance [from previous lives]
    Succumbs [to failing health]
    Yet, “Wei-nyin” is fresh, alive and hovering.

    • @hmin3664
    YouTube Channel for my videos
  • UCC — General

    UCC — General

    by Hla Min

    Updated : June 2025

    Introduction

    In the early days, there were no computers in Burma. IBM (International Business Machines) based in the USA and ICL (International Computers Limited) based in the UK had presence in Burma. Both companies were not ready to introduce computers to Burma. They were supposedly content with leasing unit-record equipment (calculators, tabulators, …) using punched cards. The managers (U Aung Khin and U Kyaw Tha) and their staff were highly paid compared to the Government employees.

    In the early sixties, Burma Railways wanted to upgrade to an ICL computer, but the Coup d’etat in 1962 and subsequent restriction of foreign currency exchange (and budget planning rules) effectively derailed the project.

    Project

    Dr. Chit Swe

    In the mid sixties, Dr. Chit Swe (Head of the Maths Department at the Institute of Economics) proposed the need of a computer for teaching and research to Dr. Nyi Nyi (Deputy Minister of Education). Dr. Nyi Nyi suggested the scope to be extended for a computer to serve the staff and selected students of the Universities and Institutes. Thus, the UCC Project was conceived. It was approved in 1970 with UNDP as the Funding Agency and UNESCO as the Execution Agency.

    Dr. Chit Swe later became Professor at Maths at RASU (Rangoon Arts and Science University). He offered space at the Maths Department for the early volunteers of the UCC Project. He then obtained permission to use Mandalay Hall for use by the UCC Project before the UCC Building could be completed in Thamaing College Campus.

    UCC Founders

    Dr. Chit Swe, U Soe Paing, U Myo Min and U Ko Ko Lay founded UCC.

    Dr. Chit Swe served as the Founder/Director of UCC. He initiated the academic and training programs. He stressed the importance of technology transfer, leapfrogging technology, knowledge sharing (internally and externally), and challenging the staff and students to try their best.

    He requested U Soe Paing (RIT Electrical Engineering) to help design and implement the UCC project.

    He inquired the mother of U Myo Min (Chartered Accountant working as Systems Analyst at IBM UK) if U Myo Min would be interested to come back to Burma and help with the UCC project.

    U Soe Paing recruited his friend U Ko Ko Lay (PWD, GBNF) to help with the UCC project in general and with the UCC Building Design and Implementation in particular.

    April 1, 1971

    U Soe Paing transferred to UCC as Manager of Systems Division.

    U Myo Min joined UCC as Manager of Applications Divison.

    U Ko Ko Lay transferred to UCC as Manager of Operations Division,

    I was a member of Generation Zero along with my mentors and U Tun Aung Gyaw (EC69), who was the earliest and longest volunteer of the UCC Project.

    Tenure

    Dr. Chit Swe retired as Rector of RASU. He moved to Bangkok and Sydney. He passed away in 2019.

    U Soe Paing left UCC in the eighties to pursue a career as Technical Adviser and Consultant for the UN projects in several countries.

    U Myo Min migrated to USA. He taught briefly at the Nanyang Technical Institute in Singapore. He retired after serving as a Principal for Seagate Technology and Conner.

    U Ko Ko Lay had the longest tenure among the UCC Founders. He served as Manager of Operations, Manager of Scientific Applications, Professor at the Department of Computer Science, and Professor of Information Technology. Sadly, he was the first to pass away among the four Founders.

    Dr. Tin Maung

    He succeeded Dr. Chit Swe as Director of UCC.

    DCS

    During his tenure, the Department of Computer Science was established at RASU. U Ko Ko Lay served as Professor & Head of the Department. U Tun Aung Gyaw was Associate Professor. I was Lecturer.

    ICST

    Subsequently, the Institute of Computer Science and Technology (ICST) was established with Dr. Tin Maung as Rector.

    U Ko Ko Lay served as Professor and Head of Information Technology.

    U Tun Aung Gyaw served as Associate Professor and Head of Hardware Technology.

    I served as Associate Professor and Head of Software Technology.

    Some sayas from UCC and RASU taught Computational Mathematics.

    Gone But Not Forgotten

    • Dr. Chit Swe (Founder)
    • U Ko Ko Lay (Founder)
    • Dr. Tin Maung (UCC Director, ICST Rector)
    • Dr. Kyaw Thein (ICST)
    • U Hla Min (SPHS64, EP70) : Initial Chief Operator
    • U Maung Maung Gyi (SPHS64, Phy68) : Chief Operator
    • U Maung Maung Lay (St. Albert’s, Ah Ba) : Operator
    • U Aung Myint (SPHS64, Phy68)
      Maintenance Engineer
    • U Soe Myint (M72, DAC) : Pro-Rector, ICST
    • U Shein Soe Myint (EC83, MSc(CS)) : Passed away in Singapore while doing Ph.D
    • U Mya Thein : 3rd Business Applications Manager; Visiting lecturer at ITBMU
    • U Soe Thein : Business Applications Programmer
    • U Kyaw Nyein : Scientific Applications Programmer; Numerical Methods & Analysis; UNV
    • U Win Naing (Maths73, MSc (CS)) : Science Scholar; Scientific Applications Programmer
    • U Myint Aung : Superintendent
    • Daw Khin Lay Myint : initially Secretary; Branch Clerk, Admin
    • U Aung Aung Thein : Engineer, Teacher
    • Daw Kyu Kyu Lwin : Job controller; transferred to Social Security Board Computer Section
    • Daw Win May Thaung : Offline operator
    • Daw Khin Mya Swe (M.Sc. (CS))
      : Programmer; Passed away in Lesotho
    • Daw Khin Toe Nyein (M.Sc. (CS)) : Programmer
    • Daw Thida Aung (M.Sc. (CS))
      : Programmer
    • Daw Khin San Hlaing (Cynthia)
      Librarian; attended M.Sc. (CS); worked at AIT; Passed away in Australia
    • Daw Nge Ma Ma Than (DAC) : Taught at UCC, DCS and ICST; Prisoner of Conscience.

    Courses at UCC

    Dr. Chit Swe was Founder/Director of UCC and Professor of Maths at RASU.

    He arranged UCC to conduct degree and post-graduate diploma courses under the aegis of RASU Maths Department.

    UCC also conducted training courses for computer users.

    Dr. Chit Swe was succeeded as UCC Director by Dr. Tin Maung.

    Several distinguished Professors from US, UK and Europe lectured at UCC.

    The postgraduate degree and diploma courses given under the aegis of Maths Department include M.Sc. (CS) and DAC

    The Courses for computer users include

    • Computer Orientation Course (COC)
    • Computer Programming Course (CPC)
    • Elective for Honors and Post-graduate in other disciplines
    • Intensive training (e.g. for Population Census Data Processing)
    • Special training (e.g. for those selected as State Scholars)
    • Planning (e.g. for departments intending to purchase computers)
    UCC Courses

    Win Myint’s

    There were three people at UCC named Win Myint.

    Win Myint (1)

    U Win Myint and U Maung Maung Lay

    He was a High School Luyechun from Beik (Mergui). He was caught off guard when the then new Education System used ILA (Intelligence Level Aggregate) to determine the admission to the Universities & Institutes. He found himself studying Philosophy along with others who had low ILA scores.

    Instead of using the marks directly, the ILA uses distribution of the marks for each subject and gives a score from 1 to 20. The ILA system helped students with balanced marks. By having marks in the top tier for each subject, a student can get reasonably good score.

    But a student with low marks in one or two subjects (e.g. Burmese and English) would be penalized by the ILA system.

    Philosophy is derived from Phil (love of) and Sophy (Wisdom). The highest degree is called Ph.D (Doctorate of Philosophy). It is ironic that students with low ILA scores were forced to major in Philosophy.

    Ko Win Myint Gyi is an exception. He was determined to pursue a challenging career. Since he wanted to learn and work with computers, he enhanced his typing skills for both English and Burmese. It was a requirement for the position of Secretary at the newly formed UCC.

    Ko Win Myint’s interview at PSC (Public Services Commission) was fast and smooth. When he said, “I am Bet Thar (or similar) meaning ‘I am from Beik (Mergui)’”, the PSC Chairman who was from Beik validated Ko Win Myint’s appointment as Secretary.

    He not only typed very fast, but he learned Computer Science and Applications quickly and proficiently. He became a programmer.

    Win Myint (2)

    • He majored in Mathematics and received Masters.
    • He worked for SLR (Settlement and Land Record) department.
    • He got appointment in UCC as programmer.
    • He was initially UNV at PG.
    • After working on UN projects, he returned home.

    Win Myint (3)

    He operated the cyclostyle (Gestener). The lecture guides were printed mostly on Sittaung (Sittang paper) and some on the Ye Ni paper.

    Lecture Guides

    Some may remember “Introduction to Computers”, “Introduction to Computer Programming” and several Guide Books by Saya U Soe Paing, Saya U Aung Zaw and me. We thank Ko Win Myint (1) and Ko Win Myint (3) for the production.

    Dr. Thane Oke Kyaw Myint wrote :

    I had a different story about getting a job. I had only done 8 month internship, one of the tutors in medicine was transferred out. When Saya U Ba Than asked whom the professors wanted to replace her, they asked for me. I was called in by the Rector about posting me as tutor. When I told him I could not join not having finished my internship, he was so upset that “You want to erase with your feet, what I has written by hand”. I was made to report for duty. I went back and with the professor’s permission, I returned to finish my internship to get my medical registration.

    Soon, my friends and I had to go for interview with PSC. The Chairman of PSC was U Khin Maung Phyu. Both he and Dr U Ba Than were classmates with my father. As I went in U Ba Than said to U Khin Maung Phyu, “Ko Khin Maung Phyu, he is Ko Kyaw Myint’s son and I have already posted him to Department of Medicine.” U Khin Maung Phyu said, “How is your father?” I replied that my father was good. Then he said that I could go !!! Must be the shortest interview in PSC.

    History

    I Love History

    I was a Docent at Computer History Museum.

    I was a member of the History of Myanmar Engineering Education project. I and U Ohn Khine (M70) compiled the CD Supplement for the HMEE book.

    Why study History?

    Dr. Than Tun said, “So that one would not be stupid or dumb.”

    There’s an old adage, “History repeats itself”.

    The historian from Smithsonian said, “There is no single correct history. There are often multiple competing histories.”

    A historian should present facts and not give opinions.

    My spouse said “You should pay back to your alma mater and your country.”

    Saya U Tin Maung Nyunt (M60) said that I should record my oral stories and put them to print for posterity.

    UCSY sayamas requested me to help with the commemorative issue for the 30th Anniversary of ICST/UCSY.

    My beloved parents said, “Any thing that’s worth doing is worth doing well”.

    I have shared my memories about the early days of Computing in Burma.

    I revise the posts as time and energy permit.

    I hope that the readers will help “fill in the blanks” and correct errors and inconsistencies.

    We can transform the posts into a historical document worthy of printing (or at least publish as an e-book).

    Dr. Thane Oke Kyaw Myint wrote :

    When we conducted the Perinatal Morbidity and Mortality Study, the data analysis was from me at UCC. Ko Ronnie Myo Min and many UCC staff helped us with the data analysis.

    Dr. TOKM added :

    The next project we did was “Risk Approach in Delivery of MCH Care”. We did a prospective study on the risk of mothers dying during pregnancy and child birth. As the outcome was measured by “relative risk” and “absolute risk” it was much easier to analyse the data.

    Our team used 1MB handheld Sinclair computer for our study. Our team did not have monitors nor printers. Your nephew Peter (Khin Tun) worked out RR and AR on Sinclair, read the result on Saya U Tin U’s old TV and copied out the results by hand. Peter still had a copy of the final report. I left my copy at home and got lost.

    Gatherings

    Over the years, I attended several mini-gatherings and gatherings hosted by UCC sayas and alumni.

    Yangon

    Saya U Soe Paing regular hosts gatherings (usually dinner meeting) at his house. Sayagadaw Daw Saw Yu Tint (Alice, T69) was my class mate. She also attended CPC course.

    U Thein Oo, Daw Than Than Tint, Daw Tin May Lwin and several others help organize the gatherings.

    U Thein Oo, U Htin Kyaw, U Aung Aung and several others provided us transportation to or from Saya Paing’s house.

    UCC 40th Anniversary Gathering

    • The “40th Anniversary of UCC” was the Reunion of Staff, Teachers (Past and Present) and Students.
    • Daw Ngwe Tin, Aye Aye Myint and sisters, Maung Myint, who maintained the UCC building rooms were among the attendees.
    • Saya Dr. Tin Maung (GBNF) was represented by Sayagadaw and Saya’s daughter.
    • There was fun and laughter, music and dances, and good old memories.
    • Daw Khin Lay Myint joined UCC as Secretary and then worked as Administrator Officer. She is now GBNF.
    • U Soe Myint (M72) joined UCC as Operator. He served as Shift Lead, expert in Mechanical Drawing and AutoCAD, and retired as Pro-Rector of ICST. He is also GBNF.

    UCSY Gathering

    In January 14, 2018, I attended the 5th UCSY Acariya Pu Zaw Pwe as “Generation Zero” representative and the “Most Senior” (not by age). Several attendees started their studies and/or careers at UCC.

    Sao Yan Naing, son of Dr. Saw Naing (Wesley, SPHS59), gave me a ride to the Pu Zaw Pwe. SYN is a nephew of Dr Myo Khin. He is a cousin of Soe Lin Maung (UCC).

    Sydney in 2006

    During my visit to Sydney, Australia in 2006, I met several UCC alumni.

    Saya U Aung Zaw and Ma Kyawt organized a Reunion and mini-PZP for Saya Dr. F Ba Hla and Saya Dr. Chit Swe. They were helped by U Sein Myint Maung and Daw Khin Aye Mu, U Htay Aung (Victor) and Daw Tin Tin Hlaing to name a few. I met Daw Thanda Htwe and “UCC Pha Yaung Daing”.

    U Sein Tin hosted a dinner and also created a short music video.

    USA

    Dr. Raiful Ahad (Fremont, California), U Khin Zaw (Cupertino, California), U Aung Myint Oo (EC84) and Daw Thida Khin (Fremont, California), U Sein Myint (EC76) and Daw Sao Mon Sint (New Jersey) and U Toung (EC69, Connecticut) hosted UCC gatherings (especially to welcome and alumni visiting US).

    U Khin Maung Oo (Ivan Lee, M69) hosts an annual joint gathering for UCC and RIT sayas and alumni at his home in New Jersey.

    Singapore

    U Tin Aung Win (C80), U Zaw Tun and Daw Pale Shein organized buffet gathering. U Aung Aung, and Daw Kyin Mya are regulars at the gatherings.

    U Shein Soe Myint (EC83) is GBNF.

    Some (e.g. U Win Latt, Daw Myint Myint Thein) have moved (temporarily or permanently) to Myanmar.

    Activities

    Table Tennis (Ping Pong)

    U Saung Tin (CSO) and U Thein Oo are excellent players.

    Volleyball

    Rafiul Ahad (who was 3rd in Burma in Hurdles) hurt his knee.
    Daw Nwe Nwe Win (Judy) is often the sixth member of an all-male team.

    Soccer (Football)

    UCC team (including Saya U Ko Ko Lay and U Kyaw Nyein) played ad hoc match against other teams (in and around Hlaing Campus).

    UCC Dobat

    U Win Hlaing played the Dobat. Others (e.g. Maung Myint, U Hla Pe) would play Wah Let Khote (bamboo clapper) and Ya Gwin.

    Donlaba

    UCC used to celebrate Thingyan and Su Paung Donlaba.

    Dr. Chit Swe, Win Maung, Hla Min, Tun Aung Gyaw, Soe Myint, Khin Maung Aye, Daw Khin Khin Latt

    UCC had a Su Paung Donlaba for several years at Kaba Aye Sun Lun Gu Kyaung and other monasteries.

    The Donlaba monks would be offered Soon at the UCC Thingyan.

    There would also be Water Throwing and occasionally “Ye Pet Khan” to selected mandats.

    Ad Hoc Trips

    U Aung Zaw led some trips (e.g. to Maw Tin Zun).

    Soul Mates

    Some found their soul mates while working or studying at UCC.

    • Aung Aung & Kyin Mya
    • Aung Myint Oo & Thida Khin
    • Boe Ba Shan & Phyu Phyu Win
    • Kyaw Zwa Than (Jaws) & Khin Khin Kyu (K-cube)
    • Htay Aung & Tin Tin Hlaing
    • Myint Oo & Tin Tin Hla
    • Myint Swe & Nge Ma Ma Than
    • Myint Zaw & Nwe Nwe Win (Judy)
    • Sein Myint (Bei Gyi) & Sao Mon Sint (Cindy)
    • Sein Myint Maung & Khin Aye Mu
    • Soe Than & Wai Wai Than
    • Than Maung Maung & Khin Si Thoung
    • Thaung Tin & Tin Tin Aye
    • Thein Oo & Than Than Tint
    • Win Hlaing & Thida Kyi
    • Win Myint & Nu Nu Aung

    U Soe Myint (M72, GBNF)

    • The M72 friends call him “Phone Gyi Soe Myint”.
    • At UCC, he is known as “Sunlun Soe Myint”.
    • His father U Thein Nyunt (Retired Secretary of Religious Affairs) was a friend and an early devotee of Sayadaw U Vinaya. U Soe Myint also served as Kappiya from his younger days.
    • He came to see me during my last visit and shared his knowledge about U Lokanatha (Italian American monk) and how he provided financial support to buy the land for Kaba Aye Sun Lun Gu Kyaung.
    • He gave me a “Chone Hte” (for monk) to take back to the US.
    • On a subsequent visit to Yangon, we were sad to learn of his untimely demise.
    • On the fateful day, he made two trips to the Kaba Aye Sunlun Gu Kyaung monastery, because he forgot his donation on his first trip. He also visited his nephew and niece who were having dialysis treatment. May be because of his karma or because of the trips he took that day, he passed away around 3 AM.

    Khin Maung Zaw (KMZ) wrote :

    Ko Soe Myint Gyi was one of the very humble people I have ever known. He spoke very soft, never see him angry nor heard him raise his voice. Even though I am some years junior to him (he’s M72 and me EC76) he always treated me with dignity and respect. I really miss him, may his beautiful soul rest in peace.

    Anniversary Soon Kway

    U Thein Oo and Daw Than Than Tint Soon Kway at Yaw Sayadaw’s Kayung Daik.

    Attendees include

    • Saya U Soe Paing and Daw Saw Yu Tint (Alice, T69)
    • U Myint Swe
    • Daw Tin Moe We (Sweetie)
    • Daw Myint Myint Thein (Susan)

    Dr. Htay Lwin Nyo

    • He matriculated from SPHS in 1968.
    • He was admitted as Roll Number One to 1st BE.
      He graduated among the top of the EP74 class.
    • He studied Computer Science at UCC.
    • He received a Ph.D. in EE from Syaracuse University, New York.
    • His final job was as Part Time Professor at San Jose State University (SJSU).
    • He used the spare time for his hobbies : (a) Tinkering old cars (b) Painting (c) Cooking (d) Stock Market (e) Writing movie scripts
    • He did not miss a class. When he did not show up for a few classes, the students were alarmed and requested SJSU authorities to check his home. They found the doors locked. After a few days, they broke in to find Dr. Htay Lwin Nyo lifeless on his bed. Postmortem indicated an aneurysm.
    • Since Dr. Htay Lwin Nyo was single and had no next-o-kin in the USA, SJSU asked the Burmese Community to help. Members of the “RIT Alumni International” and BAPS helped with the fund raising for the final journey of HLN.
    • I was honored to push the incinerator, and later to scatter the ashes in the ocean. There was no next-of-kin of HLN in the USA. KMZ remembered that Kyaw Swa Than (Jaws, UCC) was HLN’s cousin. The missing link was supplied by some alumni (including Ko Ko Kyi). KMZ set up special web page for HLN. My poem was also posted there. I wrote about HLN’s Sea Burial for BAPS Newsletter.

    Memorial Pages

    U Khin Maung Zaw (EC76, KMZ) set up the “HLN Memorial Pages” in the ex-RIT web site (which is now defunct). I wrote a poem “HTAY LWIN NYO“.

    BAPS Newsletter

    I also wrote “A Sea Burial for Professor Htay Lwin Nyo” for the BAPS Newsletter and the RIT web site.

    Ko Ko Kyi (EC72) wrote :

    Ko Hla Min, sad to read about Htay Lwin Nyo’s sea burial. I played a small part in notifying his first cousin Myo San Than in Toronto, when my brother called me from Birmingham, UK and informed me about HLN’s demise. Apparently, someone from California had contacted a friend of my brother’s and asked him to inform me, as he knew that HLN had a cousin living in Toronto. I informed HLN’s cousin Myo San Than, who called his elder brother living in Winnipeg, Canada. Subsequently, this cousin went to the US for HLN’s funeral. HLN was a good friend of mine, although he was two years my junior at RIT.

    Khin Maung Zaw (KMZ, EC76) wrote :

    I was actually a former classmate of HLN’s younger brother Aung Lwin Nyo in St. Paul’s High School [SPHS (6) Botataung]. All their brothers were OPs, HLN was 2 years senior to us, Old Paulians. I did not know HLN that well until we met again, the third time, at UCC. Of course he was part of our rival group while at RIT. Both of us ended up in US, he was several years earlier than me.

    We met again when he moved to West Coast, namely San Jose, California while I was in Seattle. We visited him in San Jose, went Yosemite among other places, he visited us in Seattle, went up to Vancouver, Canada. Couple of years moved, he became upset with me for a reason unknown to me at the time, refused to take my calls. I eventually met him on one of my visits to California, forced him to tell me why he did not want to talk to me any longer. According to him, there were some rumors back in Yangon about his demise, his parents were very upset and he surmise that it could have been me who spread these rumors. I had to swear to him that those were nothing to do with me at all, as I lost contact with everyone, family and friends, back in Burma at that time.

    So one could imagine my despair when I received a call, a year or so later, from Maurice Chee (M75) that HLN was found dead in his apartment, asking me if I knew him and also requested me to make an announcement on www,ex-rit,org site. I had to explain Maurice the background story, told him I would not do so until I have a solid information. I ended up calling HLN’s head of department at SJSU, San Jose State University. She assured me that they went to HLN’s apartment, broke it inside with the help of the Police. Sad news indeed. While Maurice Chee, Ko Banny Tan (M70), U Hla Min and RIT Alumni at BAPS, Bay Area alumni group, started working on the funeral, I called a friend, HLN’s cousin, in Manitoba, Canada, Kyaw Zwa Than (ex-UCC), to get the contact of HLN’s family back in Rangoon. I finally spoke with the elder brother, Ko Kyaw Lwin Nyo, who requested us to proceed with the funeral.

    PS: I met HLN’s elder brother for the first time, this passed November 2018, at the OPA, Old Paulians’ Association, dinner. My OP friends told me that Aung Lwin Nyo met similar fate, passed away while in his bed some years back. Myo San Than (as mentioned in U Ko Ko Kyi’s comment) is the younger brother of Kyaw Zwa Than. KZT’s family : KZT, his wife KCube (Khin Khin Kyi) and their two sons, Alex and Nicholas, have since moved to Denver, Colorado, USA.

    Daw Nge Ma Ma Than (GBNF)

    • Ma Nge (Nge Ma Ma Than, Theresa, GBNF) is the youngest child of U Aung Than (brother of Boyoke Aung San and Arzanee U Ba Win).
    • She matriculated from MEHS.
    • She graduated from RASU.
    • She studied and taught at UCC, DCS and ICST.
    • At UCC, she and Judy (Nwe Nwe Win) were considered as “UCC Twins”. Grapevine says that some guy approached them and gave each a copy of his “Yee Zar Sar” (love letter).
    • She found her love life U Myint Swe (ex-UCC).
    • During the Adhamma Era, she, her brother and U Myint Swe were detained by the higher authorities.
    • She became a Prisoner of Conscience.
    • I last met her at the 5th Acariya Puzaw Pwe of ICST.
    • Her health declined, but she kept on smiling. She did not complain about the aches and pains.
    • U Myint Swe reported the journal of Ma Nge’s hospitalization and medical treatment.
    • Even in her final days, her thoughts were with former Prisoners of Conscience.
    Ma Nge at the hospital
    Ma Nge and her cousin

    Four Decade Old Photo

    • Win Hlaing
    • Henry Maung Maung (Census, GBNF)
    • Kyu Kyu Lwin (GBNF)
    • Khin Si Thoung (Busi Baung – USA)
    • Khin Khin Win (Five Star Line – USA)
    • Phyu Phyu Win (Singapore)
    • Win May Thaung (GBNF)
    • Tin Tin Yi (Port Authority)
    • Hla Hla Win (Wa, GBNF)
    • Aung Myint (AM, GBNF)
    • Soe Myint (Sunlun, M72, GBNF)

    Seven of the eleven in the photo are Gone But Not Forgotten.

    DAC Grads

    Epilog

    Computer Science and Technology is continually evolving.

    There are two (or more) early definitions of Computer Science.

    • Computer Science is the study of phenomena surrounding Computing.
    • Computer Science is the study of Algorithms and Data Structures.

    The first definition has the same flavor as a definition of Physics. It is general to say, “Physics is the study of natural phenomena.”

    The second definition might sound restrictive, but it still covers a lot of topics and application.

    There is a book called “PROGRAM = ALGORITHMS + DATA STRUCTURES”.

    Professor Donald Knuth (Stanford University) thought that he could finish his 7-volume book “THE ART OF COMPUTER PROGRAMMING” in a couple of years. It was an under-estimate of the growth of Computers, Computer Science and Applications. It took over two decades to complete and revise the first three volumes and part of the fourth volume. One reason was that his book contributed to the growth of the Design and Analysis of Algorithms.

    • I have covered some topics in the early days of Computing in general and UCC in particular.
    • I missed out several people. I mentioned many names, but did not elaborate on some of them.
    • I did not cover in-depth the PDP configuration and use, the introduction of PCs, and robots.
    • It would take a long time and I would not be able to fill in all the blanks.
    • I believe an idea that characterizes Jules Verne. “If one can dream, others can fulfill”.
    • I had a personal experience to support that idea. In 1999, I started “RIT International Newsletter” and dreamed that sayas and alumni will get reconnected electronically and physically. With the help of sponsors (including five Golden Sponsors), able and dedicated sayas and alumni, volunteers, supporters and well-wishers, the First RIT Grand Reunion and SPZP (Saya Pu Zaw Pwe) was held in San Francisco in October 2000. The world-wide SPZPs were subsequently held in Singapore in 2002, 2007 and 2010, and in Yangon in 2004, 2012 and 2016.

    I had paid back to RIT.

    I now have a chance to pay back to UCC, DCS and ICST.

    Thanks to my family members for supporting me in the endeavors to pay back to the institutions and my mentors that helped me develop to where I am today.

    I dream that sayas and alumni of UCC and ICST/UCSY will enhance my document into one that professional historians will envy.

  • Saya Moe

    Saya Moe

    by Hla Min

    Updated : June 2025

    U Moe Aung

    Brief Bio

    • Matriculated from St. John’s Dio
    • Enjoyed playing soccer (mostly as goalkeeper)
    • Attended Yankin College, RU Faculty of Engineering and BIT
    • EC of RU Literary Committee & RUESU Magazine Editor
    • Joined Electrical Engineering Department after graduation
    EE Sayas
    • EC of RIT EE Association; Editor of Hlyat Sit Sar Saung
    • Editor. (and later Chief Editor) of RIT Annual Magazine
    • Worked in Singapore
      Organized Alumni events (e.g Thingyan, SPZP)
    Gathering in Singapore
    • After retirement, moved back to Yangon
      Writing articles & poems
      Courses at Electrical Inspectorate
    U Moe Aung & U Thet Lwin

    Activities & Accomplishments

    • Pen name : Tekkatho Moe War
    • Mentor : Daung Nwe Swe
    • Editor, RUESU Annual Magazine
    RUESU Magazine
    • Member, RU Ka Laung Ah Phwe
    RU Literary Association
    • Chief Editor, RIT Annual Magazine
    RIT Magazine
    • Chief Editor, Hlyat Sit Sar Saung
    • Chief Editor, Swel Daw Yeik Sar Saung for SPZP-2002, SPZP-2007 & SPZP-2010
    • Chief Editor, Swel Daw Yeik Magazine for ShweYaDu-2014 & SPZP-2016
    Editors for Swel Daw Yeik Magazine
    • Author of Books, Articles & Poems
    Book of poems by U Moe Aung
    • Contributor, Poetic Art Series
    • Zat Saya & Manager, RIT Ah Nu Pyinnya Ah Thin
    • Chair, SPZP-2002
    SPZP-2002
    • SPZP-2007
    Sayas U Moe Aung, U Kyaw Sein (GBNF) and U Ohn Maung
    • Chair, SPZP-2010
    • SPZP-2012
    • Entertainment, SPZP-2016
    Entertainment Program for SPZP-2016
    • Patron, Swel Daw Yeik Foundation
    • Patron, Alumni Association
    • SDYF Song
      Composed with U Than Po (GBNF, M75)

    Memories

    • Birthday
    Birthday Celebration
    • Pu Zaw Pwes
    Pu Zaw Pwe
    • Discussion
    U Moe Aung and Maung Sein Win (Padeegone)

    Presents

    Saya & me
    With Saya
    • Saya gave me Magazines, Books and a Pasoe (from his daughter’s company)
    Book Present

    My Translation

    Saya’s Poems

    • Shwe YaDu Lann
    Shwe YaDu Lann
    • Poem Gift
    • The Power of Poem
    • Computer in my heart
    • Search for beauty
    • Heritage of Bagan
    • To the Shwe Duo

    Saya’s Articles

    • Sea of Men
    • History told by a Thousand Kyat Note
    • My heart aches & Tears well in my eyes

    Feedback

    Saya U Moe Aung wrote :

    Thanks, Ko Hla Min, for your endeavours, not to mention that they wouldn’t be possible otherwise. Realistically speaking, archiving is not as easy as one thinks.

    My reply to Saya Moe Aung :

    • I am paying back to my alma mater, mentors, alumni and benefactors.
    • I have completed 25 years as a messenger, organizer, archivist and disseminator for the RIT Community.
    • The smiles on my sayas and colleagues give me Second Wind to keep me going the extra mile.
    • I hope and pray that we will be able to have some publications to celebrate the Centennial of Engineering Education in Burma / Myanmar & the Silver Jubilee of my RIT Volunteer work.
    • My dream of getting the sayas and alumni get connected electronically and physically was materialized in 1999 and 2000 with RIT Alumni Newsletter & Website and SPZP-2000.
    • My dream of compiling the Oral and Written History of our alma mater and alumni has only been partially completed. I was a member of HMEE project and compiled a CD Supplement for the book with U Ohn Khine (M70). I have 2500+ articles in my website hlamin.com. I broadcast 220 short talks between August 2020 and January 2021.
    • It needs Passion and Perseverance to maintain Projects. Several of my early Collaborators and Supporters no longer have time and resources to help me.

    U Aung Min (M69) wrote :
    Be healthy and long live Saya.
    Please keep going on with your pen.

    Saya’s reply :
    Yes, Ko Aung Min.
    And thanks for all your encouragements which will definitely be a driving force for me, especially for my longevity.

  • Notes — RU, Celebrations

    by Hla Min

    Updated : June 2025

    (1) Jubilees

    Silver Jubilee (25 years)

    • Due to the war, the celebrations for RU took place much later than 1945.
    • RIT Newsletter was published in 1999 and the Silver Jubilee was celebrated in 2024.

    Golden Jubilee (50 years)

    • RU Golden Jubilee was celebrated in 1970.
    • RIT Golden Jubilee (Shwe YaDu) was celebrated in 2014.

    Diamond Jubilee (75 years)

    First Day Cover
    RU Diamond Jubilee
    • RU Diamond Jubilee was celebrated in 1995.

    Centennial (100 years)

    • SPHS celebrated the Centennial in 1960.
    • RU Centennial celebrations started in November 2020.
      Yah Pyay Ah Kyo celebrations kicked off on December 1, 2019 and continued throughout 2020

    Sesquicentennial (150 years)

    • SPHS celebrated the Sesquicentennial in 2010.

    Miscellaneous

    • Bicentennial (200 years)
    • Tricentennial (300 years)
    • Millennium (1000 years)

    (2) Three Events in December 1920

    Rangoon University

    • Rangoon University Act of 1920 was enacted on December 1, 1920.
    • The Act established Rangoon University with Rangoon College and Judson College as constituent colleges.

    First RU Student Strike

    • The Strikevto protest the Act took place of December 5, 1920 (two days earlier than planned because the news leaked to the higher authorities).
    • The senior students requested the junior students not to strike. When their request was not complied, 11 senior students decided to the strike as leaders.
    • The Burmese date — 10th Waning Day of Tazaungmon — is celebrated as Ah Myo Tha Aung Pwe Nay.
    • The strike led to the establishment of Ah Myotha Kyaung (National School) and Ah Myotha Kaw Leik (National College).
    • U Po Kya served as Ah Myotha Pyinnya Wun. He is a distinguished author.
    • Thakhin Kodaw Hmaing served as Principal of Ah Myotha Kaw Leik.

    Saya U Ba Toke

    U Ba Toke
    • He’s is a Phwa Bet Taw of RU and the first RU Students’ Strike.
    • Professor of Mathematics, Rangoon University
    • Rector of MASU
    • Professor of Mathematics, Rangoon Institute of Technology
    • Associate Dean, Assumption University, Bangkok

    (3) Publications

    • Former EC members of the RU Ka Laung Ah Thinn (1958 – 1962) including Daw Kyu Kyu Thin and Saya U Moe Aung (Tekaktho Moe War) published a “Collection of Kabyars” and a commemorative Magazine in February 2020.
    • Several books, Sar Saungs and Magazines were published for the RU Centennial Celebrations.

    (4) Some Early Sayas

    Dr. Maung Maung Kha

    Saya Kha Hall
    • Doctorate in Meteorological Physics from UK
    • Worked briefly at Meteorology Department
    • Transferred to RU Physics Department
    • Interim Dean of Engineering
    • Longest tenure among Rectors of RU
    • Hobby : Music / Violin
    • Former students celebrated Saya’s Yar Pyi
    • “Saya Kha Hall”

    U San Tha Aung

    U San Tha Aung
    • Studied Masters at Harvard University
    • Senior Lecturer, Physics
    • Co-authored High School Yupa Beda texts with Dr. Maung Maung Kha
    • Director General of Higher Education
    • Passed away after returning from an inspection tour

    Dr. Nyi Nyi

    • He was a mentee of Dr. Tha Hla.
    • A Minister protested against Dr. Tha Hla’s nomination of Dr. Nyi Nyi’s scholarship citing his ideology. Dr. Tha Hla managed to push through the nomination during the Minister’s absence.
    • Served as Deputy Minister.
      Instrumental in establishing the then new Education System
    • Retired from UN
    • Pen name : Oak Aw

    (5) Rectors and Principals

    U Hla Shwe

    • Rector, Mandalay Arts and Science University (MASU)
    • Senior Burmese Saya

    U Yone Mo

    • Retired Chief Engineer, Burma Railways
    • Dean of Engineering, BIT
    • Rector, Rangoon Institute of Technology

    Medicine

    • Dr. Ba Than (Institute of Medicine 1)
    • Dr. U E (Institute of Medicine 2)
    • Dr. Maung Maung Gyi (Institute of Medicine at Mandalay)

    Economics

    • Dr. Aye Hlaing
      Rector, Institute of Economics
      Professor of Economics, Faculty of Social Science

    Education

    • Lt. Col. San Myint
      Rector, Institute of Education

    Dentistry

    • Dr. Aung Than
      Rector, Institute of Dentistry / Dental Medicine

    Vet

    • U Mya Nyunt
      Rector, Institute of Veterinary Science

    Agri

    • U Than Tun
      Rector, Institute of Agriculture

    Workers

    • U Kyaw
      Principal, Workers’ College

    Taunggyi

    • U Khin Maung Tint (Tekkatho Phone Naing)
      Principal, Taungyi College
      Distinguished author / novelist
  • 1969 RIT Graduates Reunion

    1969 RIT Graduates Reunion

    by Tint Lwin (Danny)

    Updated : June 2025

    Danny (Leftmost)

    The 1969 RIT Graduates Reunion was held in Rangoon/Yangon,

    Burma/Myanmar on Saturday, 20 February 1999 at Sait-Teng-Kya Restaurant near Kandawgyi lake.

    The idea was mooted three years ago when a few of us were having dinner together and thought of having a gathering in 1999. After that most of us have forgotten about the idea until around the end of November 1998 when a group of our friends led by Ko Yee Pinn (Tavoy), Ko Myint Maung (aka “Bu”, RIT Volleyball selected), Ko Shwe, Ko Win Lwin, etc. decided to have a grand re-union in February 1999. They also decided that to be more meaningful we should invite our Sayas to pay them respect as well and, hence, it became the reunion cum Saya-ga-daw-pwe.

    On that very day the guest trickled in starting from about 4.00 p.m at the restaurant. The guests were required to fill in their names and contact numbers. The organizers promised to compile the name list and send to everybody who attended. By 6.00 p.m. about 30 Sayas and about 120 of our graduates were in the restaurant. The master-of-ceremony, Ko Win Lwin, announced the start of the ceremony.

    The programme started off with a few speeches, led by Nyi Hla Nge, representing the graduates in Rangoon, followed by Danny, representing the graduates overseas, Sai Aung Win, representing graduates outside Rangoon and last but not the least, by Saya U Kyin Soe, representing all the Sayas.

    After that we gave respect to the Sayas. All the Sayas were seated on the stage and all of us sat on the floor. Some gifts were distributed to the Sayas followed by photo taking session and then the sumptuous dinner began. About 9 to 10 dishes were served but, most of us were too excited to notice what we were eating. Halfway through the dinner some of us went up the stage and sang some songs for entertainment. Even all the ladies, led by Alice and Naw Mu Mu Aye were on the stage as well. The crowd went wild.

    The party ended at about 9.30 p.m. with some of the graduates not so sober. It was indeed a memorable gathering and we all vowed to meet again in December 2000 at place and date to be announced early next year. Three cheers to the organizers and those who have one way or the other help in making this event a great success.

    Daniel Tint Lwin visiting SF Bay Area
  • RIT Alumni International Newsletter

    RIT Alumni International Newsletter

    by Hla Min

    Updated : June 2025

    May 1999

    Hla Min

    In the beginning, there was no RIT and of course no BEs. There was only the BOC College [of Engineering], Rangoon University. Saya Ba Hli was the Dean of Engineering. The degree conferred was B.Sc. (Engg).

    Saya Allen Htay remembers that the Dean wanted every engineering student to attend at least one common course with his/her senior batch. Thus, by the time one graduates, everyone will be familiar with three batches: one’s own, one senior, and one junior.

    Then, for a brief period, there was BIT (B for Burma). In anticipation for the opening of more engineering institutes the name was changed to RIT R for Rangoon).

    Feedback (by Saya Dr. Aung Soe): In the summer of 1961 BIT/RIT was born. It was also the time that I started my teaching career.

    Several years back, RIT became YIT (Y for Yangon). Now, there’s an MIT (M for Mandalay) and an engineering branch of DSA. The latest name for RIT is YTU (Yangon Technological University).

    It’s been a looong time since I had to sit at the last row [according to the seating plan — you cannot take the exams unless you have 75% attendance] of the “Surveying” course taught by Saya U Min Wun; the field work was supervised by Saya U Aung Soe. I noticed that I could no longer read the blackboard and became “four eyes”.

    I started compiling a list of RIT alumni and ex-faculty after I received emails from Saya U Soe Paing (from UK, after his four month visit to Burma). See “Saya’s corner”.

    I received encouraging words. Better still, a lot of people including Saya K C Chiu (ChE63), Saya U Myat Htoo (C68), Ko Aung Khin (EP68), Ko Tint Lwin (Danny, M69), Saw Yu Tint (Alice, T69), Lei Lei Myaing (Amy, T70), Than Than Yi (T71). Saya Ko Thein Aung (James, Met 72), Ko San Lin (Robert, (EC 73), Ko Maurice Chee (M75), Ko Khin Maung Zaw (EC76), Ko Hla Kyi (EC77), Ko San Myint Thane (Sammy, EC79), Ko Aung Win Myint (Kevin, EC80), Ko Aung Myint Oo (EC84), Ko Yu Ket (Edward, EC85), Ko Nyunt Than (M86) contributed to the list. They have also become the de facto class reps.

    On most Internet newsgroups, there are 20 – 100 readers for every writer. In our case, we have more contributors and active readers who provide useful feedback. The list has grown to 250+, and still growing.

    I gained (or re-gained) contact with my Sayas (including Sayagyi U Min Wun and Saya Dr. Aung Soe), classmates, and schoolmates. Also, I learned that there have been semi-reunions and reunions in California, Singapore, Sydney, and Yangon.

    I hope this newsletter will serve as a starting point for a “Virtual (world-wide) reunion” and also bring back fond memories. Saya U Soe Paing, Saya U Myat Htoo and Ko Tint Lwin (Danny) have promised to write in the forthcoming newsletters.

    Feedback: The list has grown, within a day, to 280+.

    SAYA’S CORNER

    From UK, Saya U Soe Paing (EC) writes:
    During our recent visit to Burma, I saw Ko Tin Htut in Rangoon. He told us that Dr Aung Gyi would be visiting Burma. We managed to contact Dr Aung Gyi and we had a small get together at our house. The following came. Dr Aung Gyi and Ma Emma, Dr Khin Maung Win (Metallurgy) and Margaret, Ko Kyin Soe & Chit Chit, Ko Sein Win (Electrical Power), Soe Min (my classmate and ex Instructor in RIT) and Dr. Than Htaike (Chemical Engineering). Han Tin (Rector of the Institute of Education) was also there.

    Played golf with Ko Maung Maung Than. He is now the advisor at the DSA Engineering college in Maymyo. They have appointed retired RIT sayas. S. Arya is one of them and I met him in town.
    Also saw Ko Thein Lwin in Rangoon and Ko Tu Myint & Myitzu in Singapore.

    From Singapore, Saya U Tu Myint (Mech) writes:
    Thanks for the info. Nice to talk about the good old days. I think it’s a good idea to keep Old RIT Colleagues informed, especially when we are getting old.
    Awaiting for more news. Perhaps scan in some photos.

    From Los Angeles (California), Sayagyi U Min Wun (Civil) writes:
    Ko Hla Min, what a surprise to get in touch with you again after such a long time. Sorry for this late response. My pc was disconnected from the Network after Y2K Remediation. Anyhow, my name has already been included in the Ex-RIT listing.
    Thanks for the long list. Please keep in touch.

    From Chicago (Illinois), Saya Dr. Aung Soe (Civil) writes:
    Ko Hla Min: Thanks for the list. U Chin Way from LA passed away a few years ago. Aung Myint Thwin, one of my students, is in Singapore. I was told Aye Win Kyaw, ex civil staff, is also in Singapore.

    Thanks for the photo [of the RIT Sayas; photo credit: Saw Yu Tint (Alice)].
    With certainty I can name the followings:
    U Ba Than, U Sein Win, U San Tint, U Tin Maung

    Saya U Soe Paing (EC) adds:
    Here are the names of the RIT Sayas in the picture:

    Front row L to R: Ko Kyaw Thein(C) {picture not really clear}, Ko Shwe Yi (Tex), Ko Myo Kyi (E), Ko Sann Tint (E), Ko Sein Win (E), U Ba Than (M), U Sein Shan (Math), Ko Khin Maung (M), Ko Kyin Soe (Auto/Mech), Ko Ba Myint (E).

    Back row L to R:
    Christopher Maung (C), S. Arya (M), U Kyaw (A), Ko Phone Myint (Workshop), Ko Soe Minn (E), Ko Tin Maung (C), Ko S. Kyaw Aye (M), Ko Han Tun (M), Ko Kyaw Sein I (M), Ko Kyi (M), Ko Soe Lwin (M), Ko Tin Win(C), Ko Kyaw Win (Mining or Petroleum).

    ALUMNI NOTES

    From Danville (California), Saya U Myat Htoo (C68) writes:
    I would like to make a proposition that I hope you will agree. Why don’t we organize an “Old RIT Colleagues/Graduates” get-together sometime in this Summer? Saya Allen Htay and myself were talking about it a couple of weeks ago. Actually, we have done a similar gathering of Civil Engineers in San Francisco about twelve years ago while Dr. Aung Gyi and Mama Emma were visiting us.
    I think it’s about time to have a gathering for RIT graduates of all principles. My suggestion is to do it in San Francisco since I think it has a biggest concentration of RIT graduates. We could ask U Nyo Win and Maurice Chee for their help. This is just my thought.

    From Japan, Saya Dr. Myo Khin (Ci70) writes:
    You have done a great job for the RIT old boys and teachers. I’ve been in Japan for ten years already and doing the same job as teaching at the University.
    This coming October 1999, I will be attending the ACI fall convention in Baltimore, Maryland.
    Please say hello to all our friends and Sayas in the states.

    From Singapore, Ko Tint Lwin (Danny) (M69) writes:
    We had a great 30th re-union of our 1969 RIT Graduates in Rangoon, Burma on Feb. 20, 1999. About 120 of the graduates and about 30 lecturers attended. We really had a great time. The organizers told us that starting from year 2000, our 1969 graduates would have a re-union dinner every last Saturday in December every year. That’s a good idea and we can pass the word around and we could try to plan our holidays accordingly.

    From UK, Saw Yu Tint (Alice, T69) adds:
    There was a saya ga daw pwe (paying respects to the teachers) by the 1969 RIT graduates. We have pictures of the sayas and of course the RIT graduates.

    From Benicia (California), Saya Ko Thein Aung (Met72) writes:
    I am so glad to read the message about our old teachers get together party in Burma. KC Chiu (ex-faculty, Chem), brother of Dr Aung Soe (C), had actively organized Dr Aung Gyi’s welcome party back in 1986 in Bay area and Saya U Aung Khin party last year. He is a founding member of BEA (Burmese Engineers Association) and also a Past President. He is preparing a list to send it to you.

    From Vallejo (California), Saya Dr. KC Chiu (ChE63) writes:
    Ko Hla Min: I am impressed by the list you have assembled.
    I would like to suggest the followings:
    – delete the name of the deceased alumni
    – delete the Type column and use an * to identify ex-faculty
    – list the official name and put the name used in RIT as alias
    – except for some sayas, confirm the year of graduation from RIT (include BOC college, BIT, etc.)
    Attached is a list of RIT alumni in the US that come to my mind. Naturally, it will have some repeat in your list.
    We used to have an old list of RIT alumni in the bay area, I will try to find it. Thanks.

    From UK, Ko Nyunt Aung (C73) writes:
    Dear U Hla Min,
    Thank you for sending me the list. It will be more helpful if you can provide us with more detail (i.e. full address, telephone nos & email address) so we can contact to those we knew. I do not know about the rest, but I am willing to include me details.

    From Daly City (California), Gordon Kaung (M83) writes:
    I heard that you are compiling the e-mail info. of former RIT colleagues. It is very good idea and a clever way to keep in-touch one another. We can also discuss via e-mail to do good for our former school RIT including donating technical books and so on.

    From Potomac (Maryland), Lei Lei Myaing (T70) writes:
    Special thanks to Ko Johnny for the compiling all information. I had the opportunity to take Sayas U Khin Maung Win and U Maung Maung Than sightseeing in Washington, D.C. when they visited the U.S. a few years ago.
    I also met Saya U Min Wun at a friend’s place in Virginia. Saya looked the same as before! I enjoyed seeing the former RIT list growing and getting to see the Sayas’ picture that Alice and Saya U Soe Paing sent. I am fortunate to see my former Textile and Chemical engineer friends whenever I visit Rangoon; the last gathering was at the Bon-Kyaung restaurant in Kokine. I also happened to bump into Alice at the Mingaladon airport!

    Gone but not forgotten (GBNF)

    Faculty
    U Sein Hlaing (Professor, Electrical)
    U Chin Way (Electrical)
    Alumni
    Ko Kyaw Oo (Mech 67)
    Duga Raj (Civil 68)

    With metta,
    Hla Min

    Editor’s Note:

    I have completed 20 years as a volunteer editor of “RIT Alumni International Newsletter & Updates”.
    While I still have a reasonably good memory and good health, I am sharing my experience, knowledge and memories (especially of the Good Old Days).
    My postings can be found in
    (a) e-mails (b) Lifelonglearning140.wordpress.com (web site) (c) hlamin.com (web site) (d) RIT-update@Googlegroups (d) FB pages for (i) RIT Updates (ii) Swel Daw Yeik Foundation (iii) NorCal RITAA (iv) RIT69ers (v) Team Old School IT (vi) PBRS Group
    Special thanks to my family members who wholehearted support “Paying Back to my Alma Mater”.

  • Myint Thein (M73)

    Myint Thein (M73)

    by Hla Min

    Updated : June 2935

    Education

    Received his Ph.D. from Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta

    Writings

    Pen name is Ba Thein (Altanta)

    Wrote articles for RIT Alumni International Newsletter and Swel Daw Yeik Sar Saung for Singapore SPZPs.

    The topics cover

    • An Apology to Sayagyi U Ba Toke
    • Saya S. Arya : Some poked fun at his pronunciation; He complained to Sayagyi U Ba Than
    • An Echo from RIT
    • Hovercraft : M73 project
    • IDC Kerosene Stove : Call for donation to SPZP
    • GBNF Frequency

    Spouse

    He found his life love in his old school mate Daw Nyo Nyo Win (T73).

    They wed around SPZP-2000.

    Present

    He gave me a book that he bought in Myanmar. The author Kyi Aye (Yamethin) wrote about Minthuwun, U Tin Aye (Shan Pyay), U Thein Pe Myint, and Daw Khin Kyi.

    (1) My Apology to Sayagyi U Ba Toke, Sayas & Sayamas of RIT

    Sayas and Sayamas are truly the unsung heroes of our lives. For them, it is hard to know the fruits of their formidable efforts. They have made a positive difference to our lives. However, often they are overlooked in nowadays society. Now, due to the invaluable efforts initiated by a group of people, we have a great opportunity to praise show our gratitude.

    I have learned that Sayagyi U Ba Toke will come to the Pu Zaw Pwe, 2000. I am writing this article to apologize for my silly act that I did about some 25 years ago at RIT.

    An early afternoon in the beginning of a summer at the RIT. My 6 years of study was close to completion. I was waiting for a mathematics class and standing on the breeze-way which connect the second-floors of the Building 1 and Building 2. The sun was shining well, and as usual, the wind was blowing so strong that the yellow leaves were floating in the turbulent air. The “Kha Yay” trees at the end of the Textile Department are swaying back and forth in the gusty winds. They were reminding me of the unstable, impermanent nature of human life.

    I was thinking deeply of the future. “I don’t want to leave the RIT yet. I have enjoyed here very much. What I should do? ” I could not find out any decent means to lengthen my happy student-life at RIT.

    The next class at 1 p.m. would be “Selected Topics in Mathematics” taught by Sayagyi U Ba Toke at Room 1/3-16. It was a large lecture theater with about 200 foldable seats, located on the third floor, north-east corner of Building 1, adjacent to Chemistry laboratories.

    The bell rang and I went into the class. I took a seat in the rear section of the class. In our class, there were about 120 students. There were only 2 female students in the class so that no much reasons for distractions from paying attention to the teachings. However, I was still thinking deep. Through the wide glass window panes, I could see the F-27 Fokker Friendship airplanes flying in and out of the Mingaladon Airport.

    Sayagyi U Ba Toke entered into the class, stepped onto the stage, and immediately started to teach. He said, “Today, I am going to teach ‘Functions and Relations’”. I thought it was a boring topic and would not be much useful in the future. My mind was wandering all over the universe.

    Sayagyi’s solid profile standing firmly before the students and his commanding voice were dominating the entire class. I was able to see his joy and enthusiasm on his face. Skillfully using the blackboard, he was explaining articulately about the mathematical functions and its indispensable applications to every discipline of engineering.

    Sayagyi continued to talk about the ‘Domain and Range’. A friend sitting next to me made an unfavorable comment, “What is this DOMAIN about? For what use?” I supported his comments by a nod. Just a nod. The disrespectful act returned its reactions about 10 years later.

    U Ba Toke

    I got a rare and invaluable opportunity to pursue further study in the United States. I was taking a course ‘Viscous Flow Theory’ taught by a well-known professor. There were about 30 students from different parts of the world. About half of them were from Germany, Switzerland, and east-European countries. On that day the professor was talking about the Navier Stokes Equation and its solutions. At one point, he talked about using the ‘time-space DOMAINS’ in the numerical methods to solve the second order – nonlinear partial differential equations.

    The word ‘DOMAIN’ shocked me like a thunder. Enormous fear pushed out sweats all over my body. I realized that my bad deed had finally rewarded me the bad result. I didn’t know anything about DOMAIN, except its name. Sayagyi U Ba Toke’s solid figure and his distinctive face appeared on my mind. “Yes, obviously, I did a big mistake. Now, at this place, at this time, who would kindly teach me ‘DOMAINS’. In Rangoon, while Sayagyi U Ba Toke was teaching with great and pure ‘Cetana’, I didn’t take it with respect”. I felt an unforgettable remorse. After this incident, although I paid the price for my bad deed by spending long late-night hours for the whole semester with nightmares to understand the subject, I did not do well at the exam.

    Now, welcoming the noble occasion “Saya Pu Zaw Pwe of 2000 at San Francisco”, I do apologize for my unintentional bad deeds to all the Sayas and Sayamas who taught me generously with pure ‘Cetana’. Physically, verbally, and mentally, from the deep bottom of my heart, I do beg your kind pardon.

    For any failure or obstacle in my studies in the past, present, and future, it is entirely due to my incompetence, NOT because of the teachings of my Sayas and Sayamas at RIT were inferior.

    The primary reason why I am surviving today is the invaluable-unparalleled teachings of my Sayas and Sayamas of RIT. I would like to exclaim that “What our Sayas and Sayamas taught at RIT is ‘Absolutely Superior’ to the teachings at all over the other engineering universities in the world.”

    Yours Respectfully,
    Ba Thein Atlanta, GA

    (2) Saya S. Arya and Sayagyi U Ba Than

    U Ba Than

    Under the leadership of Ko Maurice Chee (M75), a group of RIT alumni is planning to honor Ko Hla Min. To keep RIT alumni connected and informed, since 1999 Ko Hla Min has voluntarily tirelessly posted weekly RIT-Updates. While reading his recent RIT-Updates, I remembered an event happened in our third year 1970.

    During our six years at RIT, most of Mechanical students have almost never seen laughing or smiles of our Sayagyi U Ba Than and Sayagyi U Aung Khin. In third year Sayagyi U Ba Than taught us a major engineering subject “Strength of Materials”. Then, the typical class format was a 50-minute lecture followed by 50-minute tutorial classes comprised of 30-35 students.

    Saya Arya

    Saya Arya was one of the tutorial teachers. Since his parents are Indian descendants, Saya Arya’s accent on Strength of Materials terminologies and vocabularies were unique and distinctive.

    In the class of 1966-1972 Mechanical, there were some life-is-so-good die-hard native-Rangoon day-students included. They were neither quiet nor strictly-obedient students. Since they were one year senior to us, we learned and inherited a lot of extra-curricular activities, trades, and tricks from them.

    One day, news went viral. The event took place in the tutorial class room on the third floor, near the English Department. In the tutorial class, while Saya Arya was writing differential equations on the blackboard, students were teasing and playing each other behind him. One of them threw a ZeeThee to his friend sitting in the front row. It missed him – hit the desk – bounced and hit the blackboard. Without delay, Saya Arya asked the class: “ZeeThee pauk tar Bu Thu Le ?”

    One or two students answered promptly: “Bu Thee Booo”.

    Saya Arya rushed to Sayagyi U Ba Than’s office. A group of students were summoned and questioned. They explained and appealed. Sayagyi U Ba Than could not hold his straight tight face and broke into laugh. Only a few students would know the exact true story what happened.

    After the incident, there were floating quotes in the RIT campus for a while. Questions and Answers. If somebody threw paper-arrows from behind, then asked:

    . . . Bu Thoo Le ? . . . . Bu Thee Booo !

    It was 46+ years ago. In the evenings and weekends, yells and shouts occasionally roamed on the broad windy empty corridors of RIT. The clocks hanging overhead did not mind. Swel Daw trees were green and thrived and bloomed.

    During the Adhamma era, our mother RIT was labelled “The Mother of The Rebels”. Swel Daw trees were also punished. With tears, we heard and read the news. Now, the situations of the mother country have been changed, generally. Mother RIT is welcoming back her sons and daughters coming back from the other side of the world. In this coming December last-week of 2016, mother RIT is going to celebrate Global RIT Reunion.

    Last 17 years, in his weekly RIT Updates “Gone But Not Forgotten” (GBNF), U Hla Min has occasionally posted the short bios of RIT alums who have abruptly or unwillingly or unexpectedly left us. Gone with The Wind.

    For some of 1960s and 1970s graduates mother RIT born, this Reunion may be the last one to meet and hug their classmates together at this very holy place.

    Thanks,

    May All You See Broad Smiles Again.

    Myint Thein (M 73)

    (3) An Echo from RIT

    by Maung Ba Thein (Atlanta)

    In October 1999, I visited my alma mater, RIT. I was very excited to see the campus totally green covered by grown trees. According to the newspapers, in 1999 the rainfall was the highest in Yangon since 1872, one year after the precipitation data were started to record at Kaba Aye station.

    First I went to the main portico. Its splendid 12 columns were standing straight and firm in the morning sun. With dignity, they were still sustaining the weight of huge concrete roof. I suffered a sad feeling of having to leave them behind. I was standing still for a moment on its steps. From there, I saw the windy space right under the ‘Set Hmu Hall’. There used to be Registrar U Hla’s office on the left, a big bulletin board and the library on the right, and in the middle two English newspaper reading-stands (Guardian and Working People’s Daily provided by the registrar’s office). At this place every morning we would stand and explore the outside world’s events during the height of the Vietnam War. It used to be so windy at this place that while reading we had to use our both hands to hold down the newspaper.

    I walked to the east of main building. I came across an old green Mazda pickup truck anchored in the car parking lot. It might be at least 35 years old and expired. It took me back to the days at RUBC. This old truck had served us as a ferry to RUBC at Inya Lake from RIT and Thazin Hall (Hlaing Campus), 3 afternoons a week for two years. Sometimes two trips a day. Because of its transportation, we successfully recruited female members to our RIT Rowing Club. At the 1972 RUBC Annual Regatta, RIT Rowing Club competed in full strength including (for the first time) 4 crew of Women’s Eight, breaking our RIT Rowing Club’s tradition of ‘All Guys’.

    I walked to the north along the concrete driveway, made a pause between Buildings 1 and 2, and looked up. I saw the corridors where we used to stand, watch, shout, cheer, and laugh. On these corridors, our butts and the floors had kissed each other uncountable times during the rainy seasons.

    I continued roaming down the road. The trees were still welcoming me. All were green and had grown well. On my left I could see the Building 2 where Departments of Textile, Electrical, Mining & Petroleum, Physics, and machine shops were located. On my right, in the lower triangular terrain, annexed Buildings 5, 6, 7, and 8 where housed the Architecture, Civil, and Mechanical Engineering Departments were sitting quietly under the blazing sun. I heard a jet flew out of the Mingaladon Airport making a loud roar.

    At the Mechanical Engineering Department, I met Saya U Khin Mg Tin and Saya U Kyaw Aye. I was looking for Saya Arya (Strength of Materials) to apologize him. Instead of learning respectfully what he taught in the class, I made jokes with my classmates on his accent. For these silly acts, (in the past, present, everyday, everywhere) I was/am paying the price. Many people hardly understand my speaking. For me – frustrations, arguments, ridicule, shame, unconstrained anger, refusals for the service, etc. You name it. I had it. They were common for me.

    At the Metallurgy Department, I met Saya U Tin Mg Nyunt and U Nyunt Htay. We went to the food court. The restaurants ‘Nway-Aye’ and Aung Theik Pan’ were still running. I assumed that the cafe owned by ‘U Chit of Blacksmith’ would be also doing well. In the courtyard the Padauk trees were growing well and providing the patrons a green canopy.

    On the other side of the concrete driveway, I could see the soccer-field where we enjoyed crazily in the mud and rain like buffaloes. Our “loyal fans” of the G-Hall might be watching our games or might be suppressing their intense hunger watching the clock for dinner. In reality, they saw us as the reincarnations of the ‘Ah Yee Gyees’ (who faithfully practiced self-torturing exercises to purge their body from Kilesa (mental defilement) of the Bagan era before His Majesty King Anawrahta stripped them off, booted out from their dwellings, and sent to the elephant and horse stalls to pick up the animal-made fertilizers.

    The trees had grown so well that I could hardly see our great sisters’ G-Hall. Next I saw were the infirmary and the resident quarter for the faculty and staff.

    Then I went to the west of the main building to see the small entrance behind the BPI bus stop on Yangon-Insein Road. On Friday mornings, we used to buy the ‘Set Hmu Thadin Zin’ at this gate. I was surprised to see that the entrance had been widened to about 10 feet.

    In our days, it was only about 3 feet wide. Two students could barely pass simultaneously this gate without touching each other. To emphasize the width of the entrance, one of my friends used to brag that “In this RIT campus, there were many female students who were Ma’ Loot Ma’ Kinn Phyit with me”.

    I came back to the oval lawn in front of the main portico. There was no water rising into the air at the fountain as it was the same in our days. However, flowers were blooming. I learned that there was a graduation ceremony on that morning for completing a diploma program. I saw some young female students with brand-new crispy dresses moving to and fro in the oval garden. Some of them were standing / sitting / lying on the grass in a variety of postures for the zooming cameras. A great photo-opportunity for them at this age, time, and place. I stood gazing at their agility, youth, and smiles. I was thinking very deeply.

    In the south, I could see the dormitories A, B, C, and D Halls sitting quietly at a distance waiting for my visit. Again, my mind took me back to the old days.

    Suddenly, I thought I heard – from a 30-year distance – somebody from the top-floor corridor of hostel A-Hall roared like a lion at his highest volume:
    Ma’ Pyawwww Ma’ Sheee Ja Ne Byoooooooow !

    A long echo followed. All residents of A-Hall came out of their rooms and joined their leader’s wake-up call by beating loudly nearby bathing-utensils, pots, and pans. And a trembling noise like a thunder.

    Today, welcoming the upcoming noble occasion and recalling the echo and tremble which I used to hear often at RIT, let me hail again.
    Ma’ Pyaww Ma’ Sheee Ja Ne Byoooow !

    We are going to have a once-in-a-life-time gathering at ‘Saya Pu Zaw Pwe and RIT Grand Reunion’ in San Francisco on October 28-29, 2000.

    (4) GBNF Frequency

    Once, I have learned:

    Into the Highlands of The Mind, Let Me Go !

    From U Hla Min’s RIT Updates, I read from time to time “Gone But Not Forgotten” (GBNF) news of our RIT brothers and sisters. Recently, I sadly noticed that frequency and recurrence of GBNF news is alarming. Generally, most of us have understood and accepted the occurrence of inevitable death. However, when we face the reality and imminent nearness or arrival of death, it is extremely hard (even to learn GBNF news) for us to cope with. Oh, he/she has gone. He/she did not even say goodbye. Probably, he/she might be so exhausted . . . wrestling tackling and defending the arrival of his/her last breath.

    [Yours Truly Falsely (YTF) Notes:] In the not-very-olden days or socialist-shining-glorious days of 1970s of Burma, at funeral wakes and viewings . . friends and relatives used to gather, sit + talk + chew some seeds . . . kind of Kwar-Ce-Hlor or Ney-Gyar-Ce seeds (water melon seeds and sunflower seeds).

    YTF doesn’t dare to let anybody near him knows, especially his nephews/nieces or any relatives friends, whenever suffer uncomfortable health problems. Because, YTF have surely noticed that . . .whenever he began just having some intermittent/continuous coughing . . . all of his nephews nieces of near and far associates went out and bought Kwar-Ce-Hlor and Nay-Gyar-Ce . . . make ready, unwaveringly sat and waited . . . anticipating willingly naively for YTF’s demise.

    [Confidential, Top secret, bottom Open]. In reality, there may be nobody around him, IF they know YTF = “Naing-gan-jar-pyan RIT Alumni (Return form Abroad, RIT Descendant) has prepared a Will with Nothing for them. They do not know YTF’s regular contributions to Academy Minn Thar Gyi Ko Kyaw Thu + Associates’ Free Funeral Service Society (FFSS).

    Am I prepared, Now ? None ! Nothing !

    YTF is Still Extremely Greedy.

    Wealth under his holy Mattress. Daily counting and re-counting.

    At every AM and every PM.

    The Guinness Book of World Records might keep my name on top in Greed category.

    Yours Truly Falsely,
    Maung Ba Thein, Atlanta.

    Myint Thein, 1973 Mechanical of RIT.

    (5) M73 Hovercraft Project

    Dear Saya U Kyaw Sein and U Hla Min,

    With respect, regarding the Hovercraft built by mechanical RIT students, I would like to supplement a piece of information on Hovercraft of RIT.

    I am not aware of any information about the thesis or papers existed before 1973, related to the Hovercraft. This Hovercraft physical-model, based on a lawn mower, was built by a team led by Saya U Tu Myint and a group of 1973 final-year Mechanical students. They include

    • Ko Hla Win (Mechanical One)
    • Ko Khin Maung Cho (Lu Ye Chun)
    • Don D Silver
    • Saxon Sein

    They were among the top students of our class. The Hovercraft was successfully tested in the lake located near the Insein Locomotive yards. Ko Hla Win is now working in Singapore. On those days, many people wished to have a test drive of this craft.

    While training hard in Inya Lake – Rangoon University Boat Club, (where we were dreaming under the scorching sun of becoming RUBC golds) sometimes we missed the classes. Ko Hla Win often kindly shared us his lecture-notes, learning, knowledge, and also, of course, his neatly completed solved home works. Our group, senior members of RIT Rowing Club of 1972-73, owe Ko Hla Win and his Hovercraft-group a lot for their precious kindness and help, which also contributed to our successful graduation from RIT.

    In Saya U Kyaw Sein’s Facebook RIT photos (one posted by Ko Thura Thant Zin), 1972-73 RIT Rowing Club photo shows our group (none of us were physically big-tall Goliath). Two of our friends have prematurely – permanently left this world. I wish they should have waited to witness the revival of our Mother RIT and Mother country.

    [Dr.] Myint Thein (M73)

    (6) IDC Keresone Stove

    Dear U Hla Min + RIT Brothers + Sisters:

    .. who were/are tirelessly offering participating joining efforts, energy and time .. planning organizing implementing SPZP-2012 and Revitalization of our Mother-RIT.

    In late 1960s, when I relocated to Rangoon, I used to read in newspapers that .. for kerosene stoves – manufactured by IDC (Industrial Development Corporation), Burma:

    Meeee-Hpo Pyet Yin – Pyitt Ma Htarr Par Ne.
    Kyune-Daw Arrrr Gyeee Ceit Soe De”
    .
    {Don’t leave Your Stove Broken – I am Extremely Annoyed.
    Advertisement by IDC Yay-Nan-Cee MeeePho}.

    Recently, reliable news arrived. Under new Management – new Leaderships – new System .. our Mother-RIT has been re-opened. Naively, I am pleased. NOW, at least we see the dawn. Reclaiming the RIT Glorious status which we have held and enjoyed is not a quick and easy task. However, it is not an impossible dream. If we can realize our Mother-RIT’s recovery within a decade, I would claim “An Unbelievable Success”.

    It took more than 60 years of precious intellectual investments for Mother-RIT to attain internationally recognized position and to stand up distinctly among Asia countries .. so that, again, it will take considerable time to successfully regain recover her strength and vigor.

    I was not aware of, (also did not believe/accept) that our Mother-RIT was virtually closed. I assumed those news are rumors. I thought, there might have been a few undisclosed issues those I missed and should be aware of. I did not know that although it was a public university, it became a place of OFF-limits .. for general public and her alumni.

    Once, at the entrance U Lu Paw gate, surprisingly I was denied – declined to see my alma mater. It was totally unexpected and I was well stranded. Fortunately, an abrupt heavy downpour of Rangoon’s monsoon rain came down in that early morning – (May be sofa couch of our Celestial King (Tha-Gyar-Minn) had abnormally become rigid-firm-tense) .. my former class-mate who was an RIT retired-professor suddenly emerged at the gate. I was very much elated. I strongly believed that savior has answered my call. He bailed me out. And then I was unconditionally allowed to enter and see my Mother-RIT.

    My friend-professor gave me a short brisk tour in the rain. I observed the changes from a substantial distance. I saw our old RIT-Clinic which we often-refuge was still active and breathing well in good shape. Also, A – B – C – D – E- F halls for male students and their once always-busy noisy pots and pans .. open dining-hall .. all were still standing up, except no inhabitant. No smoke at-all.

    From a distance, in the rain, I saw a pretty big rocket standing-tall in front of G-Hall. May be it was one of the latest RIT defense Surface to Air Missile systems .. promoting guarding our forever-young treasures RIT-Sisters.

    Also, RIT football field was under fertile management by Ministry of Agriculture. We used to play in this holy field in non-negotiable mud .. like water-buffaloes .. under heavy rains. I saw all were green under thick vegetation. May be maintenance budget has been cut.

    Across the soccer-field, RIT food-court. I was sure it was not a botanical garden. It used to be a pivotal place bee-hive in our days. It looked like an abandoned island ghost town. I did not see any moving-being any moving-species or moving-object in the food-court. It was totally closed and silent. It’s silence recalled a phrase in my mind. A sign posted at the entry of a food-stall. It read: Ya-Nay Ah-Kyway Loane-Wa Ma-Yaung Ber. (Today – Absolutely, No Credit-Sales). May be too-many student-debtors who no longer afford to pay their debts and declared bankrupt and left the school. National economy might be slightly down.

    Not to blame anybody. Mother-RIT is 50 plus years old. In a tropical-season .. under intense wet-hot-dry cycle conditions. Her superstructure seems to be normal. Only inevitable normal wear and tear may be. However, if we don’t attend her (care and maintain), she may expire prematurely.

    Now, I think, favorable Time and Tide have arrived. I do not know “How long it will be like under this situation?”.

    Now, during this High Tide and Wind (impermanent, always changing),

    Now, RIT able-bodied Brothers and Sisters are Tirelessly pushing/pulling .. our abandoned grounded Mother-ship RIT .. to get-off the ground .. Tow to the shore .. for immediate essential repairs.

    And then . . resume Her Sails . . Her Heads High-Up in the prevailing Wind . . holding a Huge Genuine Smile on Her Face.

    While we were Crocodiles, practicing rowing in Inya Lake Rangoon University Boat Club (RUBC, often . . we were prompted by the cox’s call, to move our oars forward-ready position,

    Come Forward ! ! !

    Please, don’t seek advice from your spouse.

    Bring your Cash, Check-book or Genuine Cey-Ta-Nar.

    Sincere Salutations to all my RIT Brothers and Sisters – – for your enormous efforts,

    [Dr.] Myint Thein
    1973 Mechanical, RIT.
    San Francisco, CA.

  • Dr. Aung Gyi

    Dr. Aung Gyi

    by Hla Min

    Updated : June 2025

    Dr. Aung Gyi

    (1) Suggestions

    Ko Hla Min,

    I read through your updates  shown in hlamin.com and my suggestions are given below.

    I feel that your book should reflect the love of RIT students for their alma mater, the respect and gratitude shown by RIT students towards their respective teachers, the attachment, bond and friendship among RIT students; and the love for their motherland by RIT students. In short, it should reflect what we call “RIT spirit”. You can base the preparation of the book, beginning from the establishment of Faculty of Engineering, Rangoon University, on your updates and other relevant sources. The word RIT  includes all different names of Engineering Institutions in Myanmar, past and present.

    Having said all of the above, the following headings come to my mind for your proposed book:

    1. SPZPs/Reunions  involving all  disciplines  which had taken place in Myanmar and abroad.
    2. Establishment of alumni associations abroad and in Myanmar to help RIT and motherland.
    3. Establishment of Swe Daw Yeik Foundation.
    4. Establishment of healthcare fund for RIT teachers in Myanmar.
    5. Fund drive and contributions to upgrade the RIT/YTU library.
    6. Various activities/ mini-reunions / get-togethers  among groups of RIT students/teachers which reflect the life and also bond among RIT students/teachers, established in the past ,during RIT days.
    7. Other interesting episodes related to RIT.

    The above gives you a few thoughts I have for your book. I would like to recommend that you  also get suggestions from others for your book.

    Good luck and best wishes.
    Aung Gyi

    (2) Keynote from SPZP-2000

    Mr. Chairman, my Sayas, my former colleagues, friends, RIT graduates, Ladies and Gentlemen,

    Before I begin to say anything, I would like to request you to take the word “RIT” as to stand not only for Rangoon Institute of Technology but also BOC College of Engineering and Faculty of Engineering, Rangoon University. I am using RIT only, just for convenience sake.

    Having said that, it is with a chestful of emotions that I am standing before you, trying to say a few words appropriate and befitting to this important and joyful occasion. My overwhelming emotion is, needless to say, happiness – happiness which results from seeing my Sayas, my friends, my former colleagues, and RIT graduates alive and well, after so many years. My happiness is also mingled with a certain amount of pride: pride arising from the knowledge that we have fond memories and a sense of belonging and attachment to the good old institution as well as to one another.

    We are fortunate that we could all gather here to exchange our life experiences, both good and bad, and to reminisce about our past when we were at RIT. While we are doing that, we all must have noticed that all of us have changed quite a bit since we last saw one another, at least physically, some more so than other. We all now have a few gray and also less hair, we have a few wrinkles on our face; maybe we also lost a few teeth and cannot see or hear as well as we did before. Some of us also lost the memory a bit and become forgetful about lots of things such as forgetting names for example. This, as we all know, is life and nature of things. Everything changes and nothing is permanent. Bur fortunately we still have our values. Our values such as respect and gratitude for the elders and teachers, caring of our respective children and family members, helping our friends, and attachment, and gratitude to the institution which nurtured us to meet the challenges of life, are still with us. They have not changed. This Saya Pu Zaw Pwe and reunion is a testimony to those values.

    I must now pause and thank and congratulate the Organizing Committee for their untiring and selfless efforts to make this event possible and successful. This Saya Pu Zaw Pwe and RIT Alumni reunion is, as far as I know, once-in-a-life-time event. As far as I am concerned it is already a resounding success with the cooperation and great enthusiasm that I have seen. I hope this will be the beginning and not the last of our get-togethers. When my wife and I paid visits to Myanmar in 1996, 1997 and 1999 we had mini get-togethers with RIT Alumni. When I was here a few years ago we also got together with a few RIT Alumni. I understood that Saya U Aung Khin also had one mini get-together here some years ago. But these get-togethers were not on a grand scale as the one that we are having here now. However the spirit of camaraderie and friendliness among RIT Alumni mini get-togethers, was the same as the one that we find here now. If you look around you, you will find that all of us came here from different parts of the world, indicating the great attachment and respect that we all have for our old institution and also for one another.

    While I was preparing for this speech, fond memories of the years that I spent as a student, as a teacher and later as Rector at RIT came flashing through my mind. Without going into details, I remember that all my teachers, including Saya Num Kock and Saya U Ba Toke who are here with us, were good inspiring teachers with kind hearts. When I became a teacher and later the Rector at RIT, I noticed that my colleagues were good and dedicated people who tried their best to teach what they had learnt from good Universities and Institutions abroad.

    They made conscious efforts to raise the level of education at RIT so much that the students were fully occupied with classes, studies, projects, and homework. I have to mention here that my Sayas and my former colleagues were, and still are honest, compassionate, gentle and kind people. Within this context I would now like to take this opportunity to offer my humble apologies to my Sayas and colleagues for the wrong things that I may have done or said which might have hurt them in any way in the past.

    As for the students, I remember that they were good, intelligent, and energetic students in general. Since I was also involved in extracurricular activities of the students, I had more interaction and gained more understanding of their needs and feelings. Like most of the other teachers I tried my best to be helpful to them not only in their studies but also in any other problems that they needed my help. Because of the compassion that I had shown for them they became more communicative, and listened to what I had to say most of the time. Like a breath of fresh air, the first batch of female engineering students were among us, I believe in 1958. So far as I remember they did as well as or some even better than the male students in their studies. I remember that as a teacher I felt very good and satisfied whenever some students did well in their studies or did well in their careers after they left school. These are fond memories that I still have with me about the students at RIT.

    As you probably know, I left RIT and Myanmar in 1977 to join UNESCO. I then migrated to Canada to join International Development Research Centre (IRDC) in 1981. For your information, IRDC is a Canadian Agency which funds research projects for development in the developing countries. I retired from IRDC in 1997. Looking back to the past, I must say that I spent the best years of my life at RIT, challenging and troubling at times, but on the whole happy and satisfied with the job that I was doing.

    Now please let me take a few minutes of your time to share with you my thoughts, which I believe are some important elements of life. You might not agree with me to what I am going to say. At least, in that case, you might take them as food for your thoughts. If I sound like lecturing to you now, you must remember that the habit of a former teacher dies hard.
    When I was young and immature. I had great admiration for people with high I.Q. (Intelligence Quotient). I also tended to think in those days that I was quite intelligent. After going through life experiences with ups and downs I became to realize that high Emotional Quotient (E.Q.) or emotional mastery is more important in life than high I.Q., to cope with adversities, disappointments, failures and sometimes even tragedies. No one that I know of, escapes the negative impacts of life in one form or another. If you have emotional mastery you can deal with and overcome these negative impacts and still get ahead in life and be relatively happy. One thing that can help us is to have optimism, hope and courage in life and to minimize the negative thoughts and creeping pessimism. It will be wrong to classify anything in life in opposites either in black or white. One can neither be fully optimistic nor fully pessimistic all the time. There is a gray area which is neither black nor white, and so long as the dominant part of this gray area is optimism, things will turn alright in the end. I read in one of the books long time ago that the Chinese word for “crisis” denotes both risk and chance (opportunity). A pessimistic person would tend to look at the crisis as the big risk and will despair and do nothing, whereas an optimistic person will look at it as a challenge and opportunity and will do something with courage and determination and overcome the crisis. He or she might fail in doing something. But without failures one will not know success. In short, although we will not be able to master the circumstances, and situations in life, we sure can try to master our thoughts and emotions to meet the challenges of life. Here are the spiritual sides of us or our respective religions might be helpful.

    Now that I am getting old and getting inflicted with aches and pains here and there, especially when I get up in the morning, I begin to realize that the important part of my life is to keep myself in good health. There are lots of books and doctors telling us how to keep ourselves in good health. The simple gist of the whole message is to have some form of physical exercise or activity to keep our weights down; and to eat nutritious food and avoid or cut down fatty, sweet, salty and high cholesterol food which are harmful to our health. As you know, it is easier said than done. What I know is we do need to make conscious efforts to keep ourselves in good health by taking physical exercises and by eating nutritious and non-fattening food. One thing is for sure, if we are not in food health we will not be able to enjoy our success or good things in life, and we will be, relatively speaking, unhappy.

    When I was young, my grandmother used to tell me to get ahead in life I would need luck, brain, and industriousness. She was right of course. But one important element in life that she missed telling me was to develop and have good social relationships will all the people that I would come across in life, including family members. No one can live and get ahead in life alone. Each one of us at some stages of our respective lives needed and got help from someone to move on with our lives. From my personal experience, I noted that one must be non-egoistic, not too aggressive, be polite, be helpful, and tries to understand and respect other person’s points of view, needs and feeling, to develop good social relationships. Here I would like to add that each of us can judge who is good, who is bad, who is untrustworthy, etc. and avoid bad people and associate with good people to the extent that each of us can.

    Each one of us had twenty four hours a day and the one who can budget and manage his/her time day by day, week by week, month by month, year by year according to his priorities and short term and long term goals will get ahead in life better. One should use the time and even manipulate it and not waste it to achieve one’s short term and long term goals. One must also be patient if the short term and long term goals are not achieved in budgeted time. So long as the time is used and not wasted, one will reach his/her goads in due course.

    I hope everyone present here will agree with me the importance of financial management at the personal or family level as well as at the business level. At the business level there are of course financial plans and budgets for the present as well as for the future. One should likewise have financial plans and budgets at personal/family level for the present and future, to spend, save and invest within one’s available means. As you know money is neutral. If you are wise, money will treat you well; and if you are foolish it will not stay with you for long. Like time, one’s hard-earned money should be used and not wasted.

    The last thing that I would like to point out to you is the danger of complacency. If you own a business and if you are complacent after a certain level of success, your business will suffer, simply because you fail to keep up with the changes in the market conditions and because of the intense competition one faces nowadays. Likewise at the personal level we should be wary of complacency. We should try not to be complacent by improving ourselves and keeping ourselves busy mentally and physically. Life thrives on activity and activity is the proof of our existence. No one is perfect and there is always something that each of us can improve upon. If we do that, at least we will not be bored, and may achieve some fulfillment in life.

    With these remarks I now conclude my speech. May you all be successful and happy in life. May you have a pleasant stay in SF.

    (3) Memories

    After attending the 2nd year engineering class from June 1952 to September 1952, I went straight to MIT on a state scholarship to continue my studies. Saya U Min Wun and I went together to MIT and joined the academic session, starting from September 1952. We met Dr Freddie Ba Hli at MIT, who was already studying for his Ph.D in electronics or electrical engineering. He was one of the nicest and helpful persons that I have ever met in my life. He gave us briefings and guidance so that we were able to assimilate into the American education system and American way of life without any difficulty He also helped us with our home works when we had some difficulties in the beginning. I am forever grateful to him for his kind help. I am sure U Min Wun feels the same. Saya U Khin Aung Kyi, Saya U Sein Hlaing, U Percy Lao, U Win Htein, U Kyaw Min, Robin Aw, U Kyaw Thein, U Aung Kywe, U Aung Myint and U Sein Hla came to MIT for further studies at a later date. U Percy Lao later became Rangoon City Engineer (water and sanitation), U Win Htein who is an architect became a Rangoon City Building Engineer, and the late U Kyaw Min became a free lance architect [and also taught part-time at the Architecture department for some time]. All these three professionals taught some time at RIT. I do not know what happened to Robin Aw. The late U Kyaw Thein was an engineer at the Construction Corporation and later became a lecturer at the Civil Engineering Department at RIT. U Aung Kywe was a Director (water and sanitation) at the Construction Corporation. U Aung Myint became the Chief Architect at the Construction Corporation. U Sein Hla was an engineer at the Construction Corporation and later became the Registrar at RIT under Rector U Yone Moe. Later more batches of Burmese students came to MIT when I was no longer there. I am describing all these things to point out the fact that the standard of engineering education in Burma at that time was quite good. None of us had to go through the entrance examination to get into MIT. They trusted our grades and our education standard. Maybe the visiting Professor Horwood from MIT was quite impressed with the Faculty of Engineering and put a good word for us to the MIT admission authorities.

    I will not go into details of the activities of all the various students’ associations, societies and clubs, as there were so many of them. But I would like to mention briefly about the hostel life, that I had experienced at that time. Every hostel had what we called a social and reading club . There was an adequate room reserved for this club at the ground floor of the hostel. In general, newspapers, popular magazines, a chess board, a carom board and a table tennis were provided so that the hostel students could read, play chess, play carom board, and play table tennis and socialize to get to know each other well. Even without the social and reading club, all the hostel students ended up knowing each other well sooner or later, as they met each other almost everyday at the hostel and at the dining hall. The hostel students were in general well behaved. I hardly saw the Warden or Hall Tutors at Ava Hall and Prome Hall, as there were very few student problems which needed attention of the Warden or Hall Tutors.

    Based upon my experience, I feel that these extra-curricular activities and hostel life gave the opportunities to the students to broaden the knowledge of the different parts of Myanmar; and they also created a better understanding of the different culture, food, habit, dresses, dialects etc of the country. Most of the students developed life-long friendships through these activities which contributed to well-beings of these students throughout their lives. Sport activities also taught the students about hard work, cooperation, team work, competition, winning and losing. The extra-curricular activities also triggered, developed and enhanced the hidden talents of some of the students. These activities therefore formed part of the University education of the students, in addition to the education that they received from the classrooms. Another benefit of these activities was the bonding and a better understanding, which developed between the students and the teachers who were involved in these activities.

    After getting my Bachelor degree in Cvil Engineering in 1955 and my Master degree in Civil Engineering in 1956 from MIT, I worked for Engineering Companies for a year, which involved both design and fieldwork in engineering construction projects. I then came back to Rangoon in 1957 to join the Civil Engineering Department as an Assistant Lecturer. I was promoted to become a Lecturer in 1958 and became also more or less Head of the Civil Engineering Department. The policy in place at the University of Rangoon under the Ministry of Education at that time stated that a teacher/ any person could become a lecturer / professor only if he/ she had a post graduate degree. Sayagyi U Ba Hli was the Professor of Civil Engineering and Dean of the Faculty at the same time. U Aung Khin was Head of the Mechanical Engineering Department, U Sein Hlaing was Head of the Electrical Engineering Department, U Khin Aung Kyi was Head of the Chemical Engineering Department, U Soon Sein was Head of the Mining Engineering Department, U Thit was Head of the Metallurgy Department, and U Maung Maung Than was Head of the Textile Engineering Department. I think Mr Johnson was Head of the Architecture Department. I do not remember who was the Workshop Superintendent at that time. We were quite happy as we had new facilities near the Prome road in addition to the B.O.C College of Engineering building. These new facilities comprised of a tall administrative building (with offices, conference/meeting rooms, library), classrooms, lecture theaters, laboratories , offices for the teaching staff and a small assembly place under the copper dome roof in the corner of the campus. The dome roof looked like a turtle back, and pretty soon this new campus became known as “turtle dome /leik khone” campus. After our arrival from USA, UK etc, the foreign teachers under contract were let go, as we gradually replaced them, except for a few teachers from UK or USA. I could recall Prof. Neale? in Electrical Engineering Department, Mr Redpath and Mr Skelton in Mechanical Engineering Department and Mr Johnson and Mr Nagler in Architecture Department.

    As a young teacher I was surprised and pleased to see a few pioneering female engineering students (not more than ten) at the Leik Khone campus. They and their parents overcame the social uneasiness and they decided to study engineering/architecture to become lady engineers /architects. I do not know exactly when they first joined the 1st year engineering class; but It was one of the important turning points in the history of engineering education.

    As young teachers, most of us were struggling to learn how to teach effectively at the beginning. I noticed that we were teaching about 15 to 20 hours per week which included lectures, laboratory and drawing classes. The contact hours of learning for the students remained the same as the time when I was an engineering student i.e. about 30 hours per week. The passing grade for the students also remained the same. i.e. 40% for each subject and 50% average for all the subjects combined. The medium of teaching was still in English. The laboratory and workshop facilities were quite good and adequate for the student population that we had. But the library looked quite small when I compared it with the library that they had in MIT, although it had a few good engineering books and journals. I felt that it needed a lot of investment to become a top notch engineering library.

    It was with enthusiasm and hope that most of us were busy trying to build up our respective departments and trying to improve the engineering education in general. While we were busy, Professor and Dean U Ba Hli retired some time around 1961, and in place of U Ba Hli we had a succession of temporary Deans, Professor of Chemistry U Po Tha, Professor of Geology Dr Tha Hla, and Professor of Physics Dr Maung Maung Kha for about 6 months. The Faculty of Engineering also had to move to a new campus in Gyogone in 1961. Before our relocation to Gyogone, the Faculty of Engineering was one of the Faculties of the University of Rangoon. The academic and administrative related policy decisions were made by the Senate and Administrative Council of the University of Rangoon respectively so as to maintain and improve the standard of education of all its Faculties, including the Faculty of Engineering.

    As you all know, Gyogone campus was built with the aid of Russia; and I understood that the Government of Burma paid back the cost in rice. I do not know whether it was true or not. In any case it was and still is an impressive looking campus. The buildings accommodated classrooms, laboratories and workshop, big assembly hall with a movie projector, library, offices for the administrative and teaching staff,and student hostels. There were also houses for all the staff, dining and kitchen facilities, small medical clinic, and open space for sport activities. All the buildings, houses etc occupied and still occupy a large area in a compound.