Blog

  • Chemical Engineering

    Chemical Engineering

    by Hla Min

    Updated : June 2025

    • ChE courses were introduced in 1955 with Contract Sayas from India.

    U Khin Aung Kyi

    U Khin Aung Kyi
    • Stood 7th in Burma in the Matriculation of 1949.
    • While attending Rangoon University as a Mechanical Engineering student, he received State Scholarship to study Chemical Engineering at MIT.
    • Received BS and MS from MIT.
    • Joined Rangoon University as Assistant Lecturer.
    • Promoted to Lecturer, and later as Professor and Head of ChE Department.
    • Succeeded Dr. Aung Gyi as Rector in 1977.
    • In 1988, he moved to Thailand & taught at Rengsit University.
    • Former students sponsored him to attend SPZP-2000 in California, USA.
    • In 2012, he gave an interview to U Ohn Khine (M70) & team for the HMEE project.
    • Passed away in Yangon in 2021.

    ChE Magazine

    ChE Magazine
    • U Aung Gyi (Simon, ChE62) & team published the magazine.
    • Has a list of ChE graduates from 1957 to 1961.

    ChE 57

    • Ko Hla Myint (Mack)
      Dr. Hla Myint taught at RIT before moving to Thailand and Australia.
    Dr. Hla Myint (Seated 3rd from Left)
    • Saw Alpheus San Doke
    • Ko Mya Shwe / Khoo Hoke Gwan
    • Ko Mya Than

    ChE 58

    • Ko Soe Maung
    • Ko Win Pe
    • Ko Tun Aung Thwin

    ChE 59

    • Ko Khin Maung Lin
    • Ko Win Myint
    • Ko Mg Mg Sein
    • Mr. Wong Koon Sha / Khin Zaw
    • Ko Mg Than /Min Jack Tham (Distinction)
    • Ko Sein Win
    • Mr. Siong Yam (Distinction)

    ChE 60

    • Ko Tha Tun Aung
    • Ko Aung Lin
    • Ko Tint Shein
    • Ko Sann Tin
    • Ko Aung Zaw Win
    • Ko Myint Wai
    • Ko Mg Mg Win (Distinction)
      Dr. Maung Maung Win (GBNF) retired as Professor and Head of Chemical Engineering
    Dr. Maung Maung Win

    ChE 61

    • Mr. Razman Ali
    • Ko Ba Htay
    • Mr. Chwan Pein Kyan
    • Miss Pauline Reynolds
      She was the first female ChE. She was one of the first six female Engineers. She moved to Bangkok.
    Pauline
    • Ko Hla Shein

    BIT (1961 – 62)

    Staff and Students of ChE

    ChE 3

    Staff and Final Year Students of ChE

    ChE 4
    Daw Tin Myint
    U Maung Maung (George)
    U Myat Thwin

    Some Senior ChE Sayas and Alumni

    • U Kyaw Tun (GBNF)
    • U Ko Ko
    • U Maung Maung Chwan
    • U Tin Aung (Dr. K C Chiu, ChE63)
    • U Maung Maung (George, ChE66)
    • U Myat Thwin (Keusan Lin, ChE66)
    • U Ne Win Myint (ChE66, GBNF)
    • U Tint Swe (ChE66)
    • Daw Tin Myint (ChE66)
    Daw Tin Myint
    • U Htun Aung Kyaw (ChE67)
    U Htun Aung Kyaw
    • U Ohn Maung (ChE68, GBNF)
    • Dr. Taing Oke (ChE69)
    Dr. Taing Oke
    • U Kyaw Min (Ei Kun, ChE69)
    • Albert Kyaw Min (ChE69)
    • Daw Yi Yi Khaing (Vilma, ChE69)
    • Daw Khin Swe Aye (Winnie, ChE70)
    • Daw Tin Tin Myint (Emma, ChE70)
    • Daw Tin May Soe (ChE70)
    • U Kyaw Win Maung (ChE70)
    • U Win Paing (U Wara, ChE70, GBNF)
    • U Aung Min (ChE70)
    • U Khin Maung Myint (ChE71)
    • Daw Mai Khin Nyunt (ChE71)
    • U Aung Myaing (ChE72)
    • Daw Gyn Yu (ChE72)
    • U Tun Shwe (ChE72)
    • Trixie Tan (ChE72)
    • U Myo Myint Pe (ChE72, GBNF)
    • Daw Aye Aye Kyaw (ChE72, GBNF)
    • U Kyi Aung (ChE73)
  • Saya U Aung Khin in 1960 & 2012

    Saya U Aung Khin in 1960 & 2012

    by Tekkatho Moe War

    Updated : June 2025

    ၂၀၁၂ ခုနှစ်စက်မှုတက္ကသိုလ်ကျောင်းသူကျောင်းသားဟောင်းများ၏ Worldwide ဆရာပူဇော်ပွဲကြီးတွင် ရိုက်ကူးခဲ့သည့် ယခင် စက်မှုအင်ဂျင်နီယာဌာနမှူး ပါမောက္ခဦးအောင်ခင် ပုံနှင့် ၁၉၆၀ ပြည့်နှစ်တုန်းက ပုံ ယှဥ်ကြည့်နိုင်ရန်…

    အချိန်ကာလကမ်းစပ်ကို အနိစ္စလှိုင်းတံပိုးရိုက်ခတ်ခဲ့၊ ရိုက်ခတ်နေဆဲ…..

    ဆင်ခြင်မိ…

    (စာရေးသူသည်လည်း မိမိကိုယ်ကို ထိုနည်းနှင်နှင် အမြဲမပြတ် သတိကပ် နှလုံးသွင်းကာ ဆင်ခြင်နေထိုင်လျက်…)

    RUESU Annual Magazine Committee (1960-61)

    • RUESU stands for Rangoon University Engineering Students’ Union. It is independent from RUSU (Rangoon University Students’ Union).
    • RUESU published the Annual Magazine for 1960 – 61.
    • Saya U Aung Khin served as Advisor for English Editor.
    • Tekkatho Moe War served as General Editor.

    SPZP-2012

    U Aung Khin
    Tekkatho Moe War
    • The Sixth RIT Grand Reunion and Saya Pu Zaw Pwe (SPZP-2012) was held at the Gyogone Campus in December 2012. It was the True Home Coming.
    • Saya U Aung Khin gave a speech.
    • Tekkatho Moe War was among the Sayas on the Stage receiving Garawa from the Alumni.

    Posts

    • Mechanical Engineering Department
    • On the road to the Millennium
    • RUESU
    • SPZP
    • Tekkatho Moe War
  • Ah Ba U Hla Myint

    Ah Ba U Hla Myint

    by Dr. Thane Oke Kyaw Myint

    Updated : June 2025

    “Have you ever really had a teacher? One who saw you as a raw but precious thing, a jewel that, with wisdom, could be polished to a proud shine? If you are lucky enough to find your way to such teachers, you will always find your way back. Sometimes it is only in your head. Sometimes it is right alongside their beds.”

    At the end of his book “Tuesdays with Morrie”, Mitch Albom wrote the above about his teacher, Morrie Schwatz, his professor of sociology in Brandeis. I am sure that Ko Nyunt Thein who asks me to write about Ah Ba will agree that the words can be said of Ah Ba U Hla Myint who passed away yesterday. Like Prof. Schwartz, Ah Ba had or must have seen each and every student that he had taught as “precious things” that he could polish to a “proud shine”.

    Ko Nyunt Thein and I are among thousands of doctors who were fortunate to be polished by Ah Ba in many ways. While Ko Nyunt Thein was able to be “alongside” Ah Ba’s bed till the last day of Ah Ba’s life, I can close my eyes, and in my head and in my memories of saya, I know I would never be lost because of what Saya taught me and made me to be who I am .

    …………………………………………………

    May I tell the readers a few anecdotes that would make them understand the various aspects of saya:

    “Put their names on HPD list”

    “Sister Florence, make sure their names are on the high protein diet list every day. And tell U Gyi Hla, to make sure that they eat”. Sister Florence was his ward sister for many years, U Gyi Hla was responsible for getting the prescribed diets from the hospital kitchen and give it out to each patient . And “their names” meant the names of Ko Myo Myint and myself.

    I might have mentioned to some that the two of us literally lived in Ah Ba’s wards from April 1964 onwards, and for myself, from then till November 1970 when I moved to Children’s hospital for my paediatrics training. Saya Bobby, with Ah Ba’s agreement, had given us this little room which used to be the “ECG room” to live in, while we were learning from both of them. Ah Ba asked me one day, coming into the room where I was studying and said,” I should have asked you before. What are you doing for your meals?” I replied, “If we have time, we go to Latha Lan or 19th. Street for food (this was the cheap affordable roadside food eaten by med students and interns)”. “This wouldn’t do!” saya said and turned away calling for Sister. That was how we remained on Wards 5 & 6 High Protein Diet for about three years.

    This was in the really good days when there was no “ko htu ko hta ကိုယ်ထူကိုယ်ထ” i.e self help or “sa zeit hmya pay စရိတ်မျှပေး” cost sharing as it was now. All the patients’ needs, from linen, mosquito nets, food, medicines were all provided free of charge by the hospital.

    And being on HPD, we got a jug of milk, two toasts, two boiled eggs for breakfast, and a meat of our choice together with veggies on the side, either a fruit or a portion of a custard pie as dessert! Talk about eating in style.

    The only complaints came from the interns, our seniors: they had to write up the diet sheet every night making sure that the right diet be asked for each patient, by name and bed number. And some literally got “pissed off” (pardon my French!) to have to add our names to the list every night!

    Was Saya wrong in doing this? No, saya was just caring for us and making sure that we ate and ate well!!!

    “Shit Gyi Kho Par Yae, Ta gar pwint pae bar”

    (For goodness sake, please open the door)

    This was the time when junior doctors could not afford to own cars. At that time, there were about a dozen doctors senior to me who had already passed the selection examinations and were being trained in RGH. Only Ma Ma Thelma who could drive herself and Ah Ko Thein Han who had a driver, could be in time every day. The other three, Ko Harry, Ko Sein Oo and Ko Ko Hla, posted to our wards came by bus, buses that they had to take after a long walk from where they lived to the bus station on the nearest main roads. And with the erratic bus schedules and crowded buses, they were often just a few minutes late. But, by Ah Ba’s rules, every entrance must be closed and locked by 8.00am. and nobody could enter the ward when Ah Ba did his rounds.

    The “shit gyi kho pa yae.. ..” was a common refrain that we could hear from my three elder brothers, making a plea with the ward boy to let them in. And of course, the ward boy would never dare to go against saya’s orders.

    Many ploys were tried: going up one story up to the surgical wards and coming down by the stairs pretending to be busy at the other end or returning from a surgical referral; coming up to the way that dead bodies were carried down to the mortuary through the basement; going around towards Lanmadaw, climbed to the X-ray department, got an old X-ray to pretend that you were fetching an urgent X-ray – with Ah Ba, none would work. You got caught by Ah Ba and Ah Ba kept on closing every entrance!

    Ko Tin Maung Htun who lived in the AS quarters across the street and for me living in the ward, we escaped the scolding and enjoyed the discomfort of our seniors!

    “No, saya, it wasn’t me, it was Shwe Shwe”

    One essential duty before Ah Ba saw patients was what we called “the cheroot rounds”. We had many cases of Cor Pulmonale (COPD) cases all the time in the wards. Many were heavy smokers of cheroots. We had to do one round to check their bedside lockers that the cheroots were either not there or at least well hidden.

    If by chance, Ah Ba opened the locker and found cheroots, I got a scolding. But I was lucky when Shwe Shwe got posted to us. I only had to say, “I didn’t check saya, it was Shwe Shwe”, Ah Ba would just frowned at us but no scolding! With Ah Ba, Shwe Shwe could get away with anything short of murder!

    The same would be for diabetics and their “locker rounds” – nothing of high sugar or carbohydrate content must be found or woes betide the house surgeons to whom the bed had been assigned.

    “Saya, it is time for me to change my glasses”

    Ah Ba got very upset if we missed physical signs. If he had time, he would thoroughly examine each patient on his rounds and expected all of us to have detected relevant physical signs present. His “favorite thing” was to detect “pericardial rub” which we tended to miss. It happened once to me. I thought I had done well with that patient but when Ah Ba turned to me, handed the earpieces for me to listen, while holding the chest piece where he heard the rub, I knew I was in trouble.

    Frowning, he said, “I did not expect that you would miss this, Johnny”.

    I was so frightened of being scolded, blurted out, “Saya, it is time for me to change my glasses, at such times, my hearing gets less acute.” Only later I realized that I had given him a ridiculous excuse. He did not say anything. Just said, “When I go back for lunch, come with me.”

    I thought I would be in for a “one to one” “monhinga kywae” – we called being scolded as being given mohinga. Instead, on arriving at his house, he pulled open a drawer and gave me a new Littman, so that I could hear well!!!

    “Silence ! Johnny is sleeping”

    It was just one of those bad days: That admission day, we had so many patients, many coming in very ill. All beds were full and we had to put up what we called “centre beds” i.e. setting up beds between the two lines of regular beds as well as “stretcher cases”, those whom we could not give beds had to be kept on the stretchers on which they were brought in. On top of that I got called away twice to Dufferin to see and bring back two cases of septic abortion with acute renal failure.

    By 7.00, having requested Emergency to kindly stop sending patients to us but to wait and send them to the next admitting wards, I laid down for a short nap. But, I must have fallen asleep, because it was past 10.00 when I woke up. Strangely, the wards were very quiet and I could not imagine why. I washed my face, changed clothes and got out. Then I saw the reason why.

    Ah Ba had told Sister to close off the passage way, between his office and my little room with trolleys at each end. I was so embarrassed that Saya had also put up two signs on cardboards on the trolleys that said “Silence, Johnny is sleeping” in Burmese!!! Talk about being so priviledged to be treated like his very own little son!

    “Rosalind, Johnny is here”

    Every Thadingyut, I would go to Ah Ba’s house to pay homage to Ah Ba and Ma Ma. The moment he saw me coming in he would shout, “Rosalind, Johnny is here.” He would not accept anything from me, either expensive or inexpensive, as homage. If I did, he would give it back to me. He preferred that I came empty handed so that Ma Ma could give me a plastic bag containing either white shirts and black material for trousers or later white collarless shirt, a yaw longyi (my favorite) and a length of cloth to make a Burmese jacket.

    Only once he accepted: I was leaving Burma and had asked Ko Sein Aung, an artist whose children I looked after, for a painting to give as a farewell present to Ah Ba, especially as I did not know when I might be able to come back to Burma.

    I got off the car, carrying this painting wrapped in brown paper. The first thing he said was, “How many times did I tell you not to bring anything for me.” I said, “Saya, I am leaving Burma and do not know when I can come back again. I asked a friend to paint what I would like to say to you for everything that you have done for me.”

    I kowtowed and paid homage and handed the wrapped painting to Ah Ba.

    He opened it, looked at it and said, “Why this painting?” I replied, “Saya, I were Rahula, you would be Buddha to me”. It was a copy of one of U Ba Kyi’s paintings of Rahula asking for his inheritance from Buddha.

    The painting will still be in Saya’s prayer room till now. And like Rahula, I did inherit from my father Ah Ba who as a Buddhist, I revered as being equal to the Enlightened one, inherited not material riches but lessons for life that made me a good person and a good doctor.

    …………………………………………………

    No, Ah Ba did not die yesterday: he lived on in each of us who were his students, now scattered all over the world.

    Thane Oke Kyaw-Myint

    14 September 2012

    Memories

    Ah ba and me
    Ah Ba, with Marie, Ko Nyunt Thein and me, Jan 2011
    This is the mural of Buddha and Rahula in my old office in Children’s Hospital. The painting given to Ah Ba is a smaller version of my mural

    Posts

    • Dr. Mohan
    • Dr. Thane Oke Kyaw Myint
    • Early Doctors
    • Medical Research
  • RIT Days (1965 – 70)

    RIT Days (1965 – 70)

    by Zaw Min & Ohn Khine

    Updated : June 2025

    Editor : Hla Min

    Ko Zaw Min (EP70)

    Zaw Min (Standing 2nd from Right)
    • Matriculated from St. Albert’s High School, Maymyo in 1964.
    • Had a very high ILA (Intelligence Level Aggregate)
    • Admitted to the first ever 1st BE as Roll Number One.
    • Selected RIT Luyechun for the 1965 Summer Camp at Inlay.
    • His outspoken remarks about the Camp drew the ire of higher authorities.
    • Graduated with Electrical Power in 1970.
    • After working in the industry, he moved to the USA.
    • Studied Electronics in the USA
    • Added “Nawaday” to his name.
    • Shared his memories of RIT to the Google group of “the Combined Intake of 1st BE for 1964 and 1965”.

    Ko Ohn Khine (M70)

    Ohn Khine
    • Matriculated from St. Peter’s High School, Mandalay in 1964.
    • Took a combination of Science and Arts subjects
    • Had good ILA score to be admitted to RIT.
    • Graduated with Mechanical Engineering in 1970
    • Worked for Heavy Industries Corporation
    • Created and maintained the the Google group of “the Combined Intake of 1st BE for 1964 and 1965”.
    • Volunteer for SPZP-2012, SPZP-2016, HMEE-2012, HMEE-2018, Swel Daw Yeik Foundation and several RIT-related activities.
    • Gave me rides during my visits to Yangon.
    • Co-author
    • Filled the “missing pieces” in Ko Zaw Min’s accounts.

    Ko Hla Min (EC69)

    Hla Min
    • Matriculated from St. Paul’s High School in 1963.
    • Stood 7th in the whole of Burma
    • Received Collegiate Scholarship
    • Top in the Science Option of I.Sc.(A) examination
    • Admitted to the first ever 2nd BE in November 1964 as Roll Number One.
    • Selected Luyechun for the Inlay Khaung Daing Camp in the Summer of 1965
    • Graduated with Electrical Communications in 1969.
    • Started the “RIT Alumni International Newsletter” in 1989 and have maintained it for 26 years.
    • Administrator or Moderator of selected Facebook pages.
    • Own web site
      hlamin.com
    • Had the honor to edit the draft version of “Memories by Ko Zaw Min Nawaday & Ko Ohn Khine” which was first posted as Google Docs for the Combined 1st BE Intake of 64 and 65.
    • Published the edited document as a series of articles in “RIT Alumni International Newsletter and Updates”.

    Introduction

    Intakes in 1964

    There were three intakes at the Rangoon Institute of Technology (RIT) when the new education system started in 1964. Eligible students were admitted to the 1st BE, 2nd BE and 3rd BE classes. They are also known as

    • Class of ’70 (1st BE Intake in 1964)
      Matriculates were admitted using the ILA
    • Class of ’69 (2nd BE Intake in 1964)
      Those who had passed I.Sc.(A) with Science Option were admitted in order of merit
    • Class of ’68 (3rd BE Intake in 1964)
      Those who had passed I.Sc.(B) with Science Option were admitted in order of merit

    The RIT Rector was U Yone Mo and the Registrar was U Soe Thein.

    The Class of ’70

    It comprised of the first year intake students in 1964. There were 494 registered students, of which 67 were female. Most graduated in 1970. Some took sabbatical for a year or two. A few left RIT before graduation. The GBNF (Gone But Not Forgotten) reached 138 at the end of May 2025.

    Matriculates entered the first ever 1st BE classes. ILA (Intelligence Level Aggregate) was used for the vetting of applicants. In the system, a score of 1 to 20 was assigned to map the marks for each subject. The ILA score (rather than the raw marks) was used to determine the eligibility of the students admitted to an institute.

    Under the old education system, matriculates had to attend I.Sc. (A) classes. There were restrictions on the subjects taken at Inter classes to be eligible for Faculty of Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, etc. For example, one must pass the I.Sc. with at least 50 marks in Maths, Physics and Chemistry to attend the 1st Year Engineering Classes (3rd BE in the new system).

    Under the new education system, there were no restrictions on the subjects taken in Matric exam. As such, many students who passed Matric with combined Science and Arts subjects and even those with pure Arts subjects were able to attend RIT. For example, Ko Ohn Khine passed the Matric exam with an odd combination of Maths, Chemistry and Geography.

    Posts

    • 1st BE (1964 – 65)
    • 2nd BE (1965 – 66)
    • 3rd BE (1966 – 67)
    • 4th BE (1967 – 68)
    • 5th BE (1968 – 69)
    • 6th BE (1969 – 70)
  • A – E

    A – E

    by Hla Min

    Updated : June 2025

    Outline of Articles & Talks

    Apple ပန်းသီး

    • Adam’s Apple — Different size for male and female
    • Newton’s Apple — Folklore
    • Apple Computers — Steve Jobs & Steve Wozniak
    • Apple Music — Beatles
    • Apple Varieties — Over 100

    Ba Gyan ဘဂျမ်း၊ ဗဂျမ်း

    • Cartoonist ကာတွန်း — Cartoon displays during Tazaungdaing
    • Minister ဝန်ကြီး — Pagan U Ba Gyan survived 19th July 1947 with slight wounds to his finger
    • Poet ကဗျာဆရာ — Pen name: Tin Moe

    Ba Than ဘသန်း

    • Author / Translator — Dhammika ဓမ္မိက ဦးဘသန်း
    • Journalist — UPI (News Agency)
    • Mechanical Engineering Professor စက်မှုအင်ဂျင်နီယာ ပါမောက္ခ
    • Police Surgeon & later Rector ဆေးတက္ကသိုလ် ပါချုပ်
    • Harpist စောင်း ဦးဘသန်း

    Basketball ဘတ်စကက်ဘော

    • Black Cat ကြောင်နက် — Sam Wu
    • Burma မြန်မာ့ လက်ရွေးစင် — Thein Han (Maths, RIT)
    • RASU ဝ/သ — Black Cat အဖွဲ့သား တော်တော်များ
    • RIT စက်မှုတက္ကသိုလ် — Soe Win, Tommy Ah Nain, Han Sein (စိုးဝင်း — ခေါင်းဆောင်။ သုံးယောက်ကွယ်လွန်)
    • (ရှေး) RU ရန်ကုန်တက္ကသိုလ်
    • NBA — National Basketball Association
    • NCAA — National Collegiate Athletic Association
    • WNBA — Women’s National Basketball Association
    • World Championship
    • Olympics : 1992 Dream Team

    Bedin ဗေဒင်

    • Background
    • UCC — Hla Min, Win Latt, Zaw Tun (လှမင်း၊ ဝင်းလတ်၊ ဇော်ထွန်း)
    • RIT Civil — Min Wun, Aye Win Kyaw (မင်းဝန်၊ အေးဝင်းကျော်)
    • BARB — Myint Sein (မြင့်စိန်)
    • MARB — Khin Aung Bo, Myint Lwin, Than Htay, Kyaw Myint, Hla Win (ခင်အောင်ဗိုလ်၊ မြင့်လွင်၊ သန်းဌေး၊ ကျော်မြင့်၊ လှဝင်း)

    Biology

    • Discipline ဘာသာရပ်
    • Zoology သတ္တဗေဒ — Dr. Ko Ko Gyi, U Sein Lwin, Daw Vera; U Bobby Kyaw Myint, Dr. Shirley Aye Cho
    • Botany ရုက္ခဗေဒ — Dr. Lynsdale, Dr. Daw Yi Yi, Dr. Kyaw Soe
    • Marine Biology — Nyan Taw (Dicky)
    • Maung Maung Win (George), Thaung Su (Walter)

    Books စာအုပ်များ

    AZ 1
    AZ 2
    • U Aung Zaw — Dhamma and Bawa; Cetana Thi Thar Kan
    KMS
    • Dr. Khin Maung Swe (Tekkatho Maung Thin Char) — Life journey of Saya U Ba Toke
    K
    • U Khin Zaw (“K”, BBS) — Burma in my Life-tiime
    SKMH
    • Shwe Ku May Hnin — Nga Doh Khit Ka Tekkatho
    TOKM
    • Dr. Thane Oke Kyaw Myint — Birthday present from students
    MSY
    • U Win Pe (Maung Swan Yi) — Bah Leh He

    Boundary

    • Definition / Use
    • Boundary Road လမ်း
    • Boundary Road School ကျောင်း — Daw Tin Tin Aye, Daw Yi Yi, Daw Khin Khin Aye, Teacher Kywe
    • Alumni (e.g. A1 Family Members) ကျောင်းသားဟောင်း
    • GBNF ကွယ်လွန် — Tin Maung Thant, Myint Sein, Nay Win, Myat Hla Sein, Myo Set

    Breath

    • Practice (ancient, modern)
    • In-breath, Out-breath ဝင်သက် ထွက်သက်
    • Controlled breathing
    • Equal in-breath and out-breath (for restoring “balance”)
    • 1:2 (to induce “sleep”)
    • 20 (or so) out-breath (to “agitate” a dull mind

    Broadcasting အသံလွှင့်

    • Brief History — U Khin Zaw, U Pe Thaw မြန်မာ့အသံ ဦးခင်ဇော်၊ ဦးဖေသော်
    • Burmese Section, English Section အစီအစဉ် — မြန်မာ၊ တိုင်းရင်းသား၊ အင်္ဂလိပ်
    • News သတင်း
    • Entertainment ဖြေဖြော်ရေး

    Buddha ဗုဒ္ဓ

    • The Blessed One, The Worthy One, The Fully Enlightened One
    • Buddhism — Theravada Buddhism (Way of the Elders), Mahayana Buddhism
    • The Illustrated History of Buddhism — Mahagandayone Sayadaw, Artist U Ba Kyi
    • Buddha Dhamma

    Byamaso ဗြဟ္မစိုရ်

    • Metta မေတ္တာ — Loving Kindness, Unbounded Love
    • Karuna ကရုဏာ — Compassion
    • Mudita မုဒိတာ — Altruistic Joy, Sympathetic Joy
    • Uppekkha ဥပေက္ခာ — Equanimity

    Calamity ကပ်

    • Famine
    • War
    • Disease

    Calendar ပြက္ခဒိန်

    • Solar — Julian, Gregorian
    • Lunar
    • Luni-Solar
    • Civil
    • Fiscal
    • Academic

    Cards

    • Types — ID
    • Playing Card ဖဲ — Bridge, Solitaire, Spider
    • Betting games လောင်းကြေး

    Change ပြောင်းလဲ

    • Gradual Change တဖြေးဖြေး
    • Disruptive Change ရုတ်တရက်

    Checkers ကျား

    • Myanmar — Kyar
    • Computer Program (AI)

    Chess စစ်တုရင်

    • Overview
    • Myanmar — Sit Tu Yin
    • Championship — Traditional, Lightning, Rapid
    • Ratings — Master, Grand Master
    • Chess Computers / Programs — David Levy’s Wager, Deep Thought, Deep Blue

    Chemistry ဓာတုဗေဒ

    • Discipline
    • Sayas and Sayamas
    • Professor & Head — U Po Tha, U Aung Khin, Dr. Ko Ko Gyi

    Civil Engineering မြို့ပြ အင်ဂျင်နီယာ

    • Discipline
    • Sayas and Sayamas
    • Professor & Head — U Ba Hli, U Mya Han, Dr. Aung Gyi, U Min Wun, Dr. Win Thein
    • Dr. San Hla Aung, Allen Htay

    Com-

    • Prefix meaning “Together”
    • Company
    • Companion
    • Community

    Commerce ဝါဏိဇ္ဇ

    • Discipline
    • Sayas and Sayamas
    • Professor and Head — Saw William Paw
    • Dr. Khin Maung Kyi — later: Research Professor
    • Dr. Khin Maung Kyawe — later: BERB
    • U Mya Thein, U Thein Oo — later: UCC

    Dana ဒါန

    • Types of Dana
    • Sharing Merits

    December

    • 1920 — RU; First RU Students’ Strike
    • 1961 — Second SEAP Games
    • 1969 — Fifth SEAP Games
    • 1974 — U Thant Ah Yay Ah Khin
    • 2002 — SPZP-2002 (Singapore)
    • 2004 — SPZP-2004 (Yangon)
    • 2010 — SPZP-2010 (Singapore)
    • 2012 — SPZP-2012 (Yangon)
    • 2014 — Shwe YaDu (Yangon)
    • 2016 — SPZP-2016 (Yangon)
    • 2019 — GJ of Graduation for RIT 69ers
    • 2019 — ICST/UCSY Acariya Pu Zaw Pwe
    • 2020 — RU Centennial
    • 2023 — RUBC Centennial

    December 1920

    • Rangoon University Act : December 1, 1920
    • First RU Students’ Strike : December 5, 1920
    • U Ba Toke : December 26, 1920

    Dhammapada ဓမ္မပဒ

    • Editions — Pali, Burmese, English
    • U Lokananatha

    Dictionary အဘိဓာန်

    • Dictionary Types — Burmese, English, Pali, Computer, Bilingual, Trilingual, Technical …
    • Lexicographers — Judson, Minthuwun, Dr. Ba Han, Tet Toe, U Hoke Sein

    Economists ဘောဂဗေဒပညာရှင်များ

    • Dr. Aye Hlaing
    • Dr. Hla Myint
    • Dr. Maung Shein
    • Dr. Ronald Findlay
    • Dr. Solomon
    • Dr. Tun Thin
    • Dr. Tun Wai

    Electrical Engineering လျှပ်စစ်အင်ဂျင်နီယာ

    • Discipline
    • Communications
    • Computer
    • Control System
    • Device
    • Electronics
    • Instrumentation
    • Power
    • Signal Processing
    • Telecommunication

    Encyclopedia စွယ်စုံကျမ်း

    • Types
    • Wikipedia
    • Encyclopedia of Asian American Folklore and Folklife

    Engineering အင်ဂျင်နီယာဘာသာရပ်

    • HMEE — History of Myanmar Engineering Education ပညာရေး သမိုင်း
    • 1923 — Amendment of RU 1920 Act
    • 1924 –First classes
    • 1928 — First batch of graduates
    • Civil
    • Mechanical and Electrical
    • Mining
    • Chemical, Textile, Architecture

    English အင်္ဂလိပ်စာ

    • Department
    • Sayas and Sayamas

    Evaluation

    • Formative evaluation
    • Summative evaluation
    • Impact
  • Notes 9

    by Hla Min

    Updated : June 2025

    U Lun (Thakin Kodaw Hmaing)

    National College
    • Principal of Ah Myo Tha Kaw Leik (National College)
    • See posts (e.g Dec 1920)

    U Than Tun

    U Than Tun 1
    U Than Tun 2
    • Father of Errol (Bobby, Myo Tun, Ashin Pannagavesaka, A69), Harold & Archie
    • Passed away in his late 90s.
    • See posts (e.g Than (Names))

    U Ba Khin

    U Ba Khin
    • Matriculated from St. Paul’s High School and was First in the whole of Burma.
    • First native Auditor General.
      Managed four Directorates.
    • Renowned Vipassana teacher from Ledi Dhamma Lineage.
      His teacher : Saya Thet.
      His disciple : S N Goenka.
    • See posts (e.g Matriculation, Vipassana)

    U Thein Oo

    U Thein Oo
    • Ttransferred from Commerce Department, Institute of Economics to Universities’ Computer Center (UCC)
    • Founded MCC with U Tin Win Aung & Ace with his spouse Daw Than Than Tint.
    • Past President of Myanmar Computer Federation (MCF)
    • See posts (e.g Memories of UCC)

    Dr. Thein Htut & Dr. Nyunt Win

    Drs. Nyunt Win & Thein Htut
    • Dr. Thein Htut is the son of Colonel Min Sein and Dr. Daw Yin May (first Triple Fellow).
      He is RUBC Gold.
    • Dr. Nyunt Win (Eddie Tha Win) is the grandson of U Po Sa.
    • They moved to Australia.
    • Dr. Nyunt Win is now GBNF.
    • See posts (e.g Doctors, Rowing)

    Theikpan Maung Wa

    Theikpan Maung Wa
    • ICS U Sein Tin
    • First student in Masters course for Burmese at Rangoon University
    • Author
    • Co-founded Khit San Sar Pay with Zawgyi (U Thein Han) and Minthuwun (U Wun)
    • See posts (e.g Burmese Language)

    San Shwe Myint

    San Shwe Myint
    • Character created by Cartoon Myint Thein
    • See posts (e.g Cartoons & Cartoonists)

    Pathan (Relations)

    Pathan
    • By Ashin Nandamarlabhivansa (Ph.D)
    • See posts (e.g Abhidhamma)

    Pediatricians

    Pediatricians
    • Credit: Dr. Thane Oke Kyaw Myint
    • See posts (e.g Pioneers)

    RASU Rowing

    RASU
    • Credit: Dr. Nyan Taw
    • See posts (e.g Regattas)

    Roll of Honor

    Donors
    • Donors for YTU Library Modernization
    • See posts (e.g Dana, Library)

    UNSG (United Nations Secretary General)

    • U Thant was the 3rd UNSG and the First Asian UNSG.
    • See posts (e.g Burma’s Son)

    University Athletes

    RU Athletes
    • They represented Burma in the Second SEAP Games (Rangoon, December 1961)
    • Credit: Dr. Richard Yu Khin
    • See posts (e.g Mra Brothers)

    U Wun

    U Wun 1
    U Wun 2
    • Laureate Poet — Minthuwun
    • Lexicographer — မြန်မာအဘိဓာန်
    • Co-founder of Khit San Sar Pay with Zawgyi (U Thein Han) and Theikpan Maung Wa (ICS U Sein Tin)
    • Head, RU Translation
    • Burmese Professor at RU
    • Visiting Professor at Osaka University
    • See posts (e.g Three Kavi)

    U Kyaw Mya Thein

    U Kyaw Mya Thein
    • Taught at Physics Department, Rangoon University.
    • Wrote “Kar Ku La Thinchar” (Calculus text in Burmese).
    • Retired as Pro-Rector of ICST (Institute of Computer Science and Technology)
    • See posts (e.g Memories of UCC)

    U Kyaw Myint (DHE)

    Foundation
    • Retired as DG of DHE.
    • The photo was taken at a fundraiser for his Foundation.
    • See posts (e.g Foundations)
  • Dhammapada

    Dhammapada

    by Hla Min

    Updated : June 2025

    Prelude

    • Collection of Pali verses (that refer to Buddha’s teachings).
    • Translated by several Pal Scholars.
    • Some Dhammapada books also cover short stories related to the verses.

    Narada Thera

    This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is dhammapada-3.jpg
    • The Dhammapada
    • Subtitle: Pali text & translation with stories & notes
    • Author : Narada Thera
    • Preface

    Chapters

    • The Twin Verses
    • Heedfulness
    • Mind
    • Flowers
    • Fools
    • The Wise
    • The Worthy
    • Thousands
    • Evil
    • The Rod or Punishment
    • Old Age
    • The Self
    • The World
    • The Buddha
    • Happiness
    • Affection
    • Anger
    • Impurities or Taints
    • The Just or Righteous
    • The Way or the Path
    • Miscellaneous
    • Woeful State
    • The Elephant
    • Craving
    • The Bhikkhu or the Mendicant
    • The Brahmana

    Venerable Buddharakhitta

    This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is dhammapada-1.jpg

    The following verses are from the book by Venerable Buddharakkhita.

    Verse 182

    Hard it is to be born a man;
    hard is the life of mortals.
    Hard is it to gain the opportunity
    of hearing the Sublime Truth,
    and hard to encounter
    is the arising of the Buddhas.

    Verse 183

    To avoid all evil,
    to cultivate good,
    and to cleanse one’s mind —
    this is the teaching of the Buddhas.

    Verse 184

    Enduring patience
    is the highest austerity.
    “Nibbana is supreme,” says the Buddhas.
    He is not a true monk
    who harms another,
    nor a true renunciate
    who oppresses others.

    Myanmar & English

    • U Thittila’s Translation (in Burmese)
    • Venerable Buddharakkhita’s Translation (in English)
    This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is dhammapada-2.jpg

    Frequently Quoted Verse

    • The following Dhammapada verse is frequently quoted by Sayadaws and writers.

    Not to do any evil, to cultivate good, to purify one’s mind, – this is the Teaching of the Buddhas.”

    • It seems simple (at the basic level), but it also has a deeper meaning (at the metaphysical level).
    • The explanations may refer to Abhidhamma to expound what “kusala” (wholesome deeds) and “akusula” (unwholesome deeds) are.
    • References may also be made to the three “Seikhas” : sila (morality), sammadhi (concentration), and panna (wisdom).
    • Bhavana practices such as samatha (tranquility meditation) and vipassana (insight meditation) are needed to calm and purify the mind.

    U Lokanatha – Italian Buddhist Monk (1897-1966)

    U Lokanatha
    • Chemical Analyst in the US
    • Received a book from his supervisor as Christmas present. The book had a chapter on Dhammapada.
      After reading the verses, a deep impulse (which resonated with his scientific inquiring mind) led him to pursue Buddhism & become a Buddhist monk.
    • He was from a devout Catholic family. His elder brother was a Priest.
    • Sayadaw spent considerable time at the Bawdigone monastery (donated by my paternal grandmother) on Windermere Road, Rangoon, Burma.
    • He practiced Dhutanga.
    • He also preached. Sunlun U Vinaya was interpreter for some of the talks.
    • Dhamma Dhuta missions to India and Ceylon
    • His booklet, “Why I became a Buddhist”, had considerable influence on the leader of the “Untouchables” in India.
    • His dhamma duta work can be found in the articles in Wikipedia and some Buddhist web sites.
  • Dr. Pe Nyun

    Dr. Pe Nyun

    by Hla Min

    Updated : June 2025

    Highlights

    • Joined Rangoon University in 1946. RU was close for 3 years during the Japanese Occupation
    RUBC
    • Secretary & later Captain of RUBC.
    • Represented RUBC at the 1948 Independence Day Regatta
    • MBBS
    • FRCS
    • Chief Pediatric Surgeon at Rangoon Children’s Hospital
    • Leader of team that operated on the Conjoined Twins : Ma Nan Soe & Ma Nan San
    • Moved to Canada
    • Saya is now GBNF

    Professor Pe Nyun Award

    Source : U Pe Tun and U Pe Thin (sons of Dr. Pe Nyun) and Daw Phyu Phyu Kyaw (their friend)

    • Award given to Young Pediatric Surgeon
    • Award established in 2019
    • The award for 2021 was presented via Zoom Meeting

    First Operation on Conjoined Twins in Burma

    Rangoon Children’s Hospital
    • Dr. Pe Nyun, Dr. Htut Saing & team operated on Ma Nan Soe and Ma Nan San
    • Dr. Pe Nyun & Dr. Htut Saing are Past Captains of Rangoon University Boat Club
    • Dr. Pe Nyun passed away in Canada
    • Dr. Htut Saing passed away in Hong Kong

    Independence Day Regatta at Kandawgyi in 1948

    RUBC crew
    • Pe Nyun, Pe Thein, Khin Maung Wint, Tin U and Cox represented Rangoon University Boat Club at the Independence Day Regatta held at Kandawgyi in 1948.
  • Perfect Translation is difficult

    Perfect Translation is difficult

    by Tekkatho Moe War

    Updated : June 2025

    TMW article

    ယူနက်စ်ကို ၏ကမ္ဘာ့ရှေးဟောင်းယဥ်ကျေးမှုအမွေအနှစ်အဖြစ်သတ်မှတ် ခံရသော ပုဂံမြေ….​” ပုဂံ အမွေ ” ကဗျာကို ပြန်လည်ဖတ်ရှုခံစားစေရန် နှင့် အမေရိကားမှ ဦးလှမင်းက အင်္ဂလိပ်ဘာသာသို့ လှပစွာပြန်ဆိုထားခြင်းကိုလည်း အရသာခံဖတ်ရှုစေလိုသည့် စေတနာအရင်းခံစိတ် တို့ကြောင့် ပြန်လည်တင်ပြရခြင်း ဖြစ်…။

    သည်နေ့ ၁၉-၁ဝ-၂ဝ၂ဝ ထုတ် Weekly Eleven တွင် ပါသော စာရေးသူ၏ဆောင်းပါး…..

    ရသ အားလျော့သွားတတ်သော ဘာသာပြန်ဆိုမှု

    (၁)

    ဘာသာပြန်ဆိုမှုနှင့်စပ်လျဉ်း၍ ပြောရပါက စာရေးသူသည် ဘာသာပြန်သည့်အလုပ်ကို အနည်းအကျဉ်းသာလုပ်ခဲ့ဖူးသည်။ များသောအားဖြင့် အင်္ဂလိပ်ဘာသာစာပေ၊ အင်္ဂလိပ်ဘာသာသိပ္ပံပညာတို့မှတစ်ဆင့် မြန်မာဘာ သာသို့ ပြန်ဆိုရေး သားခြင်း ဖြစ်သည်။ မြန်မာမှအင်္ဂလိပ်သို့ ပြန်ဆိုခြင်းကိုမူ တစ်ခါတစ်ရံသာလုပ်ဖူးသည်ဟု ဝန်ခံရပေမည်။ ပြီးခဲ့သည့် ရက် သတ္တတစ်ပတ် ခန့်က ရသကဗျာစာပေနှင့်ပတ်သက်၍ ရေးရန် တာစူခဲ့သော်လည်းမရေးဖြစ်ခဲ့ဘဲ အာရုံထွေပြားကာ အခြားအကြောင်းခြင်းရာ တစ်ခုသို့ ရောက်ရှိသွားခဲ့သည်။ ယခုတော့ အာရုံသည် ဘာသာပြန်စာပေကိစ္စသို့ ပြန်လည်ဆိုက်ရောက်လာပြီ။ ကိုဗစ်ဟူသော ကမ္ဘာ့ကပ်ရောဂါပိုးကူးစက်မှုသည်သာ လူအများ၏ အတွေးဦးနှောက်ထဲ ကိန်းအောင်းနေချိန်၌ စိတ်နှလုံးအား အထိုက်အ လျောက်အေးငြိမ်းစေမည့် စာပေကဗျာကိစ္စ၊ အလင်္ကာ ရသကိစ္စ တို့ကိုရေးးသားတင်ပြလျှင် သင့်တော်လိမ့်မည်ဟု တွေးဆ မိသည်။ ဘာသာပြန်အလုပ်သည် အသက်မွေးမှုအတတ်ပညာတစ်ခုဖြစ်သည်ဟု ရှေးကတည်းက အသိအမှတ်ပြုလက် ခံခဲ့ ကြကြောင်း မှတ်သားဖူးသည်။ တစ်နည်းအားဖြင့် အင်္ဂလိပ်လို ပရိုဖက်ရှင် (Profession) ဟုခေါ်သည်။ လက်ရှိအချိန်တွင် အသက်မွေးဝမ်းကျောင်းမှု၊ သို့မဟုတ်အသက်မွေးဝမ်းကျောင်းပညာဟု လူအားလုံးလိုလိုပင် သုံးနှုန်းနေကြပြီ။ အမှန်အတိုင်းဝန်ခံရလျှင် ဘာသာပြန်သည့်အလုပ်မှာ လွယ်ကူသည့်အလုပ်မဟုတ်ပေ။ တစ်ဘာသာမှတစ်ဘာသာသို့ ပြန်ဆိုရာတွင် ရှောင်လွှဲမရသောအခက်အခဲများစွာ ရှိစမြဲဖြစ်သဖြင့် ပြန်ဆိုမှုအနေအ ထားအရ စာလုံးတစ်လုံးကို တစ်လုံးချင်း အသေထားပြန်ဆို၍မရနိုင်သည်ကို တွေ့ရမည်။ ဘာသာပြန်ဆိုမှုပြု လုပ်သူအချို့သည် စကားလုံးတစ်လုံးအား အသေထား၍ ပြန်ဆိုနိုင်သည်ဟု အထင်ရောက်နေဆဲပင် ဖြစ်သည်။ ဥပမာအားဖြင့် အင်္ဂလိပ်စကားလုံး exploit ကိုကြည့်လျှင် ယင်း၌ကောင်း သောအဓိပ္ပာယ်ရှိသကဲ့သို့ မကောင်း သောအဓိပ္ပာယ်လည်း ဆောင်သည်။ exploit ဟု ပြောလိုက်သည်နှင့် လူတစ်ဦးနှင့်တစ်ဦး ခေါင်းပုံဖြတ်သည် ဟု မျက်စိထဲ၌ တန်းခနဲမြင်ယောင်သည်၊ တခြားမည်သည်ကိုမျှ မစဉ်းစားတော့…။ ဥပမာအားဖြင့် အလုပ်သ မားခေါင်းဆောင်ဖြစ်သူသည် သူ၏ လက်အောက်အလုပ်သမားတို့အား ပေးရမည့် လုပ်ခကို အကုန်ရှင်းမပေးဘဲအချို့အား ဖြတ်ယူထားခြင်းသည်လည်း exploit လုပ်သည်ဟုခေါ်သည်။ သို့သော် exploit တွင် အခြားအဓိပ္ပာယ်များလည်းရှိသေးသည်။ ဥပမာ exploit one’s opportunities မှာ အခွင့်အလမ်းများအားမိမိက ကောင်း စွာ အသုံးချခြင်း ဟူ၍ အဓိပ္ပာယ်ရသည်။ ဆောင်းပါးအတွက် နေရာအခက်အခဲဖြစ်သောကြောင့် နမူနာစကား လုံးအချို့ကိုသာ တင်ပြနိုင်မည်။ ဆင်တူယိုးမှား စကားလုံး နှစ်လုံးအဖြစ် self နှင့် ego ကိုသုံးသပ်ကြည့်လျှင်မြန်မာသို့ဘာသာပြန်ရန်အတော်ပင် အခက်အခဲတွေ့ရမည်။ ပုဂ္ဂလ ဟုပြန် မည်လား၊ အတ္တ ဟုပြန်မည်လား၊ ဘာသာပြန်အတွေ့အကြုံနှစ်ပေါင်း ၅ဝ မကရှိသော စာရေးဆရာတစ်ယောက်က မိန့်ဆို ပါသည်။ (ကိုးကား-ဆရာကြီးသခင်ဘသောင်း၏ “ဘာသာပြန်သူတစ်ဦး၏အတွေ့အကြုံနှင့်ထင်မြင်ချက်များ” စာတန်း)။ သို့ဖြစ်၍ စာစုတစ်ခုအား ဘာသာပြန်ရာ၌ ထိုစာစုတွင်ပါသော အချို့အချက်အလက်များကို ချန်လှပ်၍မထား သင့်။ မပါသော အချက်အလက်ချားကိုလည်း အပိုထည့်၍ပြန်ဆိုခြင်း မပြုသင့် ဟု ထင်မြင်မိသည်။ နုတ်ပယ်၊ဖြည့်စွက်ထားသည့် ဘာသာပြန် ရေးသားချက်တစ်ရပ်ကို ဘာသာပြန်ဟုမပြောသင့်ကြောင်း မှတ်ချက်ချရပေ မည်။ ထို့ပြင် တိတိကျကျ တိုတိုတုတ်တုတ် ရေးသားဖော်ပြထားသည့် စာစုတစ်ခုကို ပိုမိုဖတ်ရှုကောင်းစေရန်စကားတို့ဖြင့် အစားထိုးကာ ရှည်လျားစွာ ပြန်ဆိုခြင်းသည် လည်း မူရင်းအပိုဒ်၏အာဘော် ပျောက်ကွယ်သွားနိုင်ကြောင်း ဆရာကြီးများက သတိပေးခဲ့သည်။ အဓိကအကျဆုံးတစ်ခုမှာ ဘာသာပြန်ဆိုသူများအတွက် အဘိဓာန်များ၊ ကိုးကားရည်ညွှန်းကျမ်းများ ပြည့်ပြည့်စုံစုံရှိနေရန်လိုအပ်သည့် အချက်ဖြစ်သည်။

    (၂)

    အထက်တွင် ရေးသားခဲ့သည့် ဘာသာပြန်ဆိုမှုနှင့်ပတ်သက်၍ တွေ့ကြုံရတတ်သော အခက်အခဲများအား နမူနာအနည်း ငယ် သုံးလျက် အလွန့်အလွန်အကျဉ်းမျှသာ ဖော်ပြပေးထားသည်ကို တွေ့ရပေမည်။ တကယ်တမ်း နမူနာများစွာအသုံးပြုလျက် အခက်အခဲများကို လေ့လာသုံးသပ်မည်ဆိုပါက ဆောင်းပါးရှည်တစ်ပုဒ် ဖြစ်သွားပေမည်။ ဤ ဆောင်းပါးရေးခြင်း၏ ရည်ရွယ် ချက်မှာ ဘာသာပြန်ကဗျာကိစ္စကိုသာ အကျဉ်းတင်ပြရန်ဖြစ်သည်။ မြန်မာကဗျာမှ အင်္ဂလိပ်သို့ပြန်ဆိုရာ၌ အင်္ဂလိပ်စကားပြေ သို့ဖြစ်စေ၊ အင်္ဂလိပ်ကဗျာသို့ဖြစ်စေ ဘာသာပြန်နိုင်သည်။ မြန်မာကဗျာမှ အင်္ဂလိပ်ကဗျာသို့ ပြန်ဆိုသည့် လုပ်ငန်းတွင် မြန်မာ မဟုတ်သောစာဖတ်သူတစ်ဦးကယင်း က ဗျာ ကိုပင် မြန်မာတစ်ဦးကဖတ်၍ခံစားရသည့်အတိုင်း အင်္ဂလိပ်ဘာသာ စကားဖြင့် နားလည်ခံစားနိုင်အောင် ပြု လုပ်ပေးခြင်း ဖြစ်သည်။ လက်တွေ့၌ မြန်မာကဗျာဖတ်သူ၏အာရုံတွင် ဖြစ်ပေါ်သော ခံစားချက်များ အတိုင်း အင်္ဂလိပ်ကဗျာဖတ်သူတစ် ဦး က သူ၏အာရုံ၌ ထပ်တူထပ်မျှ ခံစားချက်မျိုးပေါ်လာစေရန် ဘာသာပြန်နိုင်မည် မဟုတ် ပေ။ မြန်မာကဗျာ သည် မြန်မာကဗျာဖြစ်၍ အင်္ဂလိပ်ကဗျာမဟုတ်သောကြောင့် မည်သည့်နည်းနှင့်မျှ တိကျစွာပြန်ဆိုနိုင်ရန်ဟူ သော လိုအင်ဆန္ဒပြည့်ဝမည်မဟုတ်။ မြန်မာကဗျာဖတ်ရှုသူ မြန်မာအချင်းချင်းပင်လျှင် ထိုကဗျာမှရရှိသည့် ခံစားချက် တူညီ မည်မဟုတ်။ ယင်းသို့ဆိုသဖြင့် မြန်မာကဗျာကို အင်္ဂလိပ်သို့ပြန်ဆိုရန်မဖြစ်တော့ဟု အားလျှော့ပစ်ရန်မဟုတ်။ မြန်မာစာနှင့် ဝါကျ တည်ဆောက်ပုံမှာ အင်္ဂလိပ်ဝါကျပုံစံနှင့်မတူ၊ တစ်နည်းပြောရလျှင် ပြောင်းပြန်ဖြစ်သည်ဟု ပြောရမည်။ မြန်မာသဒ္ဒါတွင် ကြိယာသည် ဝါကျတစ်ခု၏နောက်ဆုံးတွင်ရှိသည်။ အင်္ဂလိပ်ကမူ ကြိယာက ဝါကျအလယ်လောက်တွင်တည်ရှိသည်။ မြန်မာ ကဗျာတစ်ပုဒ်ကို မူရင်းအတိုင်းဖတ်ရှုပြီး ယင်းကဗျာကိုဘာသာပြန်ထားသည့် အင်္ဂလ်ိပ်ကဗျာအားဖတ်ရှုသော် အတွေးရလဒ် တစ်ခုတည်းကို နှစ်ပုဒ်စလုံးကဖော်ပြသည်ဟု ဆိုနိုင်သည်။ သို့သော်လည်း ခံစားမှုနှင့် ခံစားမှုအစဉ်ချင်းမတူသောကြောင့် အရသာပေါ်ပုံချင်းမတူပေ။ ဆရာကြီးဦးဝင်းဖေ၏ “မြန်မာကဗျာမှအင်္ဂလိပ်ကဗျာသို့ ဘာသာပြန်ဆိုခြင်း” ဆောင်းပါးကိုရည် ညွှန်းကိုးကား ရပါက အောက်ပါမြန်မာကဗျာကို ဆရာကြီးကထုတ်နုတ်ထားသည်ကို တွေ့ရ၏။

    မရွာဘဲ မဲ(မည်း) ပါနဲ့ ရွှေမိုးညို
    အိမ်ကလူအနေကျုံ့အောင်၊
    မှိုင်းအုံ့လှသကို။
    ရွာတော့ ရွာမလိုလိုနဲ့
    ရွှေမိုးညို မြောက်မြေထူးဆီက
    ချုန်းသင့်ပါဘူး။

    Do not darken without pouring,
    oh! overcast skies.
    You loom and lour
    to constrict the home-dweller.
    Even as though about to pour,
    you should not thunder
    from above Myedu Town in the north.

    အထက်ဖော်ပြပါဘာသာပြန်ကဗျာကိုကြည့်လျှင် မြန်မာကဗျာနောက်ဆုံးစာကြောင်းဖြစ်သော “ချုန်းသင့် ပါဘူး” မှာ ကဗျာ၏ အထွဋ်အထိပ်ဟု ဆိုရမည်ဖြစ်ပေသည်။ အင်္ဂလိပ်ဘာသာပြန်တွင်ရှိသောဖွဲ့ပုံစနစ်မတူသောကြောင့် ဝါကျအားလုံး၏ အလယ် ပိုင်းအောက်နားသို့ ရောက်သွားရာ ခံစားရမည့်ရသသည် ယုတ်လျော့အားပျော့သွားလေတော့သည်။

    (၃)

    အမေရိကန်နိုင်ငံတွင်နေထိုင်လျက်ရှိသော စာရေးသူ၏မိတ်ဆွေ၊ ရန်ကုန်စက်မှုတက္ကသိုလ်မှ ဘီအီး လျှပ်စစ်ဆက်သွယ်ရေး အင်ဂျင်နီယာဘွဲ့ရ ဦးလှမင်း က စာရေးသူ၏ “ပုဂံအမွေ” ကဗျာအား အင်္ဂလိပ်သို့ ပြန်ဆိုပေးခဲ့ သည်။ သူသည်ငယ်စဉ် ကျောင်း သား ဘဝကတည်းက အင်္ဂလိပ်ဘာသာဖြင့် ထုတ်သည့် ဂါးဒီးယန်းကဲ့သို့သောသတင်းစာ မဂ္ဂဇင်းတို့တွင် အင်္ဂလိပ်ဘာသာ စကားဖြင့် ကဗျာအများအပြားရေးခဲ့သူဖြစ်သည်။ “ပုဂံအမွေ” ကဗျာကို မြန်မာ-အင်္ဂလိပ် နှစ်ဘာသာဖြင့် ယှဉ်တွဲ၍ ရသခံစား ကြည့်ပါက ဆရာ့ဆရာကြီးများ မိန့်မြွက်ခဲ့သည့်အတိုင်း မူရင်းထက် ရသ အားနည်းသွားသည်ကိုတွေ့ရမည်ဖြစ်သည်။
    ယူနက်စ်ကိုမှ ကမ္ဘာ့ယဉ်ကျေးမှုအမွေ အနှစ်အဖြစ် သတ်မှတ်ခြင်းခံရသည့် ပုဂံမြေအတွက်ရေးသော မှတ်တမ်းကဗျာဖြစ်သည်။

    “ ပုဂံ ‌အ မွေ “

    နှလုံးသွေးရဲ့ တဒုတ်ဒုတ်မြည်သံ
    ပုဂံမြေထဲ လွင့်ပျံသွား…။

    နှလုံးသားမှာစူးနစ်….
    အမွေအနှစ်ဟာ ပုဂံ။

    ကမ္ဘာ့ရင်သပ်ရှုမော၊ အံ့သြဖွယ်ကြည်ညို
    ပုဂံကိုသွတ်သွင်း၊ စာရင်းဝင်အမွေအနှစ်
    လွမ်းရစ်တော့တစ်ဖန်
    သြော်… ပုဂံရယ်….။

    ဟိုးအဝေးထိ၊ လှမ်းမျှော်ကြည့်တိုင်း
    ထိရှလွမ်းမော၊ တဝေါဝေါ စီးဆင်း
    မြစ်မင်း ဧရာဝတီ၊ ဝန်းလည်ရစ်ခွေ
    မှိုင်းမှိုင်း ဝေဝေ
    နှလုံးသား ကြွေကျ၊ အန ဂ္ဃချစ်ခြင်း
    သြော်… မြစ်မင်းဧရာဝတီရယ်….။

    ယဉ်ကျေးမှုရဲ့
    ပန်းပု ဗိသုကာ၊ လက်ရာထောင်သောင်း
    စေတီပုထိုးပေါင်းများစွာ
    ကမ္ဘာကုန်တည်သရွေ့၊ ကြည်မွေ့ နှစ်လို
    ကြည်ညို ဝပ်တွား၊ ပျောက်ပျက်မသွားဖို့
    ထားသစ္စာဉာဏ်အသိ၊ တိကျမှန်ကန်
    သြော်… ပုဂံရယ်….။
    တက္ကသိုလ် မိုးဝါ (၇-၇-၂ဝ၁၉)

    Heritage of BAGAN
    By HLA MIN

    Rapid, incessant heartbeat
    racing towards the Bagan area
    Deeply rooted in the bottom of my heart
    the cultural, religious, historical and
    architectural heritage of Bagan.

    Fascinating, full of wonder and memories,
    heart-rendering sublime Bagan
    finally, rightfully inscribed as World Heritage Site
    O… ancient Temple City
    where I left my heart.

    Every time one looks yonder
    touched by the whirling, swirling, vibrant
    Ayeyarwaddy (Lord of the rivers)
    Misty, dreamy panoramic view
    O…. my dear Ayeyarwaddy.

    Finest culture
    Treasure of sculpture
    Architecture galore
    Countless shrines and pagodas of Bagan
    Will last for eternity
    as World Heritage Site
    to be revered, cherished and appreciated
    O…. glorious Bagan.
    ရေးသူ– တက္ကသိုလ် မိုးဝါ

    Posts

    • Kabyar
    • Poetic Art Series
    • Poetry
    • Rhyme
    • Translation
  • NorCal RITAA

    NorCal RITAA

    by Hla Min

    Updated : June 2025

    President

    Saya George
    • Saya George (U Maung Maung, ChE66) was the first President
    • Gordon (U Kaung Kaung Oo, M83) : Past President
    • U Aung Myint Oo (EC84) : Past President
    • U Tin Maung Win (C86) : current President

    BOD Chair

    • U Stanlislau (Stan, M67) was first BOD Chair
    • Saya U Myat Htoo (C68) : current BOD Chair

    Contacts

    • Web site : U Tin Maung Win (C86) & team
    • FaceBook page : U San Lin (M87) & team
    • Evite : Myint Swe (EP74) & team
    • MailChimp : Edward Saw (EC85) & team

    Finance

    • Extremely low overhead / expenses (due to hosts, sponsors and donors)
    • Awards (plaques, certificates)
    • NorCal RITAA pens
      donated by Edward Saw (EC85) & U Myint Swe (EP74)

    Activities

    • Face to face Meetings
    Meeting
    • Summer Picnic and/or Annual Dinner
    Picnic
    • NorCal RITAA Scholarships
    • YTU Library Modernization
    YTU Library Modernization
    • Ad hoc committee to address sharing of knowledge & expertise with alumni in USA & Myanmar

    AGM

    • There have been several AGMs.
    • Some meetings have Election.
    • U Tun Shwe (ChE72) recorded a video at one AGM.

    2018

    • Soon offered to the monks at Mudita Shwe Kyaung
    • Mohinga, desserts … for all attendees
    • Meeting headed by Saya U Nyo Win (M65) & Saya U Myat Htoo (C68)
    • U Nyunt Than (M84) acted as Master of Ceremonies.
    • Saya U Myat Htoo (C68, BOD Chair, Board) gave an Opening Speech. He later handed out awards to Sponsors & Donors.
    • Gordon (M83) and Lillian (EC83) survived the raging fires in Napa, but they had to wait three weeks before returning to their “Home Sweet Home”. They donated to the Scholarship Fund and also encouraged their Classmates (U Kyaw Myint, Daw Ni Ni Sein …) to pledge or donate.
    • Saya U Nyo Win accepted the award for Saya U Tin Maung Nyunt (M60).
    • List of donors/sponsors is maintained by U Ko Ko Zin (M84) & U Myint Swe (EP74).

    Annual Dinners

    2016

    NorCal RITAA
    U Myat Htoo
    Entertainment

    2023

    • Resumed Annual Dinner Gathering (after the pandemic)
    Annual Dinner

    2024

    • Celebrated three Anniversaries
    • Centennial of Engineering Education in Burma / Myanmar
    • 60th Anniversary of RIT
    • Silver Jubilee of RIT Alumni Newsletter