Month: May 2025

• “To err is human. To forgive divine.”
  I like another version. “To err is human. To really goof, use a computer.”
• I am imperfectly perfect.
  I write most of the type straight on the keyboard relying on my reasonably good memory.
  I have made intentional and unintentional errors.
  Thanks to my colleagues, friends and readers for catching and correcting them.
• Word processors also introduce some errors by correcting legal Burmese words and names. e.g. “Nwe” becomes “New” when auto-corrected.
  A work around is to add such words to a private dictionary for use by the word processor.
• Without analysis of context, a program cannot decide whether you meant “goal” (objective) or “gaol” (alternative spelling for jail).
  Advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) might help with such problems.
• Inconsistencies are not easy to detect.
  If I write about Saya U Shwe Hlaing for two posts : “Names — Shwe” and “Names — Hlaing” [at different times], the contents may not be exactly the same.
  A solution is to open multiple pages and edit them at the same time.
• I use FaceBook for convenience (e.g. getting rapid feedback), but it is not designed for cross-referencing posts.
• When I am not sure about an alumnus’s year of graduation or discipline, I use X for “unknown or unsure”.
  Most of the time, I get corrected by the readers.
• There is no “hard and fast” rule for including or excluding names in my posts. The coverage may not be uniform for the names mentioned. My posts are not complete for “Who’s who in Burma and Myanmar?”
• Have minimized the use of tags.
  Earlier, I tag Subject Matter Experts for their review and feedback.
  Dr. Thane Oke Kyaw Myint, Dr. Khin Maung U and Dr. Nyunt Wai for topics that mention Medical doctors and pioneers.
  U Khin Maung Zaw (KMZ) and Dr. Kyaw Tint for their expertise in computers, and electronics.
  Saya U Moe Aung (Tekaktho Moe War), Saya U Aung Myaing (Okpo Maung Yin Maung) and Saya U Nyunt Htay (Maung Nyunt Htay — Ah Htet Min Hla) for their expertise in Kabyar.
• Do not know of a good way to cover variants of names.

U Khin Maung Zaw wrote :

One of the issues with Burmese names, is that there are more than one way to spell it in English, like Tun vs Htun. We used to have two ထြန္းေအာင္ေက်ာ္ (I left U/Ko on purpose of clarity not for the lack of respect), one of them spell his name Tun Aung Gyaw, the other Htun Aung Kyaw. Hence they are been distinguished as TAG and HAK.

I used to have a god-grandmother here in US in the early days – she passed some years back, may her soul RIP. We, myself and U Min Maung (EP68), jokingly told her to make sure she spelled our name MAUNG in her will. Khin Mg Zaw may not be the same as Khin Maung Zaw in legalese.

** Education = ပညာ ရေး

Formal Education

Information Education

Theory & Practice

—-

** Teaching = သင်ကြား

Teacher = ဆရာ

သင်စရာ၊ မြင်စရာ၊ ကြားစရာ

ဝါသနာ၊ စေတနာ၊ အနစ်နာ

(ရှေး)

Chalk & Talk

(နောင်)

Development of Skills

—-

*** Learning = လေ့လာ

Effective Learning / Learning how to learn

No rote learning

Spaced review

Critical Thinking

Life Long Learning

—-

*** Terms

Evaluation = အကဲဖြတ်

Discussion = ဆွေးနွေး

Collaboration = စုပေါင်း လုပ်ဆောင်

SME / Subject Matter Expert = ဘာသာရပ်ကျွမ်းကျင်သူ

Target Audience = ရည်မှန်း တဲ့ ပရိသတ်

(ဒီ Group မှာ အသက် 80ကျော် တွေ၊ ကျောင်းဆရာ တွေ၊ လူလတ်၊ လူငယ် စုံ။)

Span of Attention = စူးစိုက် ချိန်

(For many, Less than a minute;

For some, less than 10 seconds)

TL;DR = Too Long; Don’t Read

သိပ်ရှည် လို့ မဖတ်ချင်

Overview = မိတ်ဆက်

Summary / Digest = အကျဉ်းချုပ်၊ အနှစ်

—-

*** For detailed information,

ဆက်နွယ် Posts

ဆက်နွယ် စာအုပ်၊ စာတန်း၊ ကျမ်းကြီး / ငယ်

ဆက်နွယ် Websites

Encyclopedia = စွယ်စုံကျမ်း

(e.g Burmese and English Wikipedia,

မြန်မာ့ စွယ်စုံကျမ်း)

တွေ ရှိပါတယ်။

***

Measure

• The league is a measure.
• Jules Verne’s book “20000 Leagues under the sea” was made into a movie.

Sports leagues

• Soccer : English Premier League
• NFL : National Football League
• NHL : National Hockey League
• MLB : Major League Baseball
• MLS : Major League Soccer

Organizations

After the First World War, the League of Nations was formed.
After the Second World War, the United Nations Organization was formed. U Thant served as the Third UNSG (United Nations Secretary General).

Anti-Fascist People’s Freedom League (AFPFL) had a major role in the struggle for Burma’s Independence.
National League for Democracy (NLD) has a major role in the restoration of Democracy in Myanmar.

• There is a spectrum of colors.
• Selected points are given labels.
• The mnemonics “VIBGYOR” stand for the colors of a rainbow : Violet, Indigo, Blue,Green, Yellow, Orange and Red.
• Ultra-violet and Infra-red are extensions of the visible scope.
  Special equipment is needed to see and use them.

Traffic Lights

• Traffic lights use three colors : Red, Yellow (or Amber) and Red.
• A friend, who is Color Blind, drives by recognizing which position is e being On.
• One night, with the electricity cut off, the traffic police used two colored “Ye Khe Chaung” lights. He could not decide whether to stop or go.

Color Coding

• The early resistors were color coded.
• Some engineers, who are Color Blind, had to use meters to determine the values.
• “If there is a will, there is a way.”

Color Models

• Using over simplification, some say “White is the presence of all colors. Black is the absence. ”
• The early TVs and cameras use the Additive (or Positive) Color Model (also known as RGB). Red, Green and Blue are known as the Primary colors. An arbitrary color can be derived from the three Primary colors.
• The early printing presses use the Subtractive Color Model (also known as CYMB). Cyan, Yellow, Magenta and Black are the Primary colors.
• There are alternative ways to model color. One technique uses Hue and Saturation.

[Per Dr. Kyaw Tint] : We use RGB sub-pixels to form a tiny pixel of flat panel display. Pixel sizes that are unresolvable by naked eyes are in the so called Retina Display screens.

Meal Types

• Breakfast
• Lunch
• Dinner
• Supper

For various reasons (religious, health), some will practice

• Fasting
• Intermittent Fasting
• Eating only one meal the whole day (especially by monks who practice ekāsanika dhutanga)
• Eating two meals per day
  Most monks take “Ah Yone Soon” after sun rise and “Nei Soon” before noon
• Eating Brunch (Breakfast and Lunch in one go)
• Skipping Dinner every day or some days of the week

Ah Wa Sar (All You Can Eat)

• During our younger days, many food shops and food stalls offer “Ah Wa Sar”.
• My father took his assistants to an “Ah Wa Sar” shop during a trip. It was for about one kyat per person. On the return trip, the shop had “Closed for today” sign. It appeared that the assistants ate four or more bowls of rice, several helpings of “Toe Sa Ya” before finishing one or more bowls with the meat.

Most of my elderly friends have stopped going to “Ah Wa Sar” restaurants because of a seemingly Lose-Lose situation.

• If you cannot eat a lot, then you lose your money.
• If you eat a lot, you might not feel good for a few days. You may lose your health.

Dhutanga

There are 13 Dhutangas. Two of them are related to eating.

Dr. Nyunt Wai wrote :

My one and only temporary monk hood was also with Taung-pu-Lu Sayadaw while he was residing in AD road, Yangon. That time we had to eat one meal and had to mix everything in the bowl. This mixing, if I remember correctly Is called ဘတ္ဒပိုင္ (bud-da-pine) practice and may not be a dhutanga. We also had to stay and sleep under trees (not under roofs) in chairs (not beds) telling us these were dhutangas.

Dr. Khin Maung U (SPHS63) wrote :

I think the Dhutangas related to eating needs to be clarified further (about which I learned and practised at Taung-Pu-Lu where I became a temporary monk 5 times in Myanmar in the 1980s):

(1) ekāsanika dhutanga : a single meal – means one eats at one sitting only once in that day. It does not matter whether there are more than one containers/plates. However, once that person changes position and/or stands up, or declines any more food that is offered (e.g., by a disciple), the person cannot continue eating anymore for that day or the dhutanga is broken.

(2) pattapiṇḍika dhutanga: everything for eating must be within one bowl – means putting all that will be eaten in one bowl or plate (does not necessarily have to MIX them together before eating – a common misconception). In this case no second bowl or plate is allowed apart from a cup of water (NOT soup, juice, etc.) placed by the bowl. Here again, if that person reaches for food in another plate (e.g., when offered inadvertently by a disciple), this dhutanga is broken.

A more serious and difficult dhutanga practice is to observe BOTH of these ekāsanika and pattapindika dhutangas together – i.e., eating a meal in one container at one sitting for that day.

• Dhutangas are ascetic practices consisting of 13 types.
• The two dhutangas related to eating are the only ones which lay persons can undertake to practice.
• The other 11 dhutangas (as well as these two related to eating) are for bhikkhus or monks to practice.

I learned and practised all 13 Dhutangas during the 5 episodes of becoming a monk at Taung-Pu-Lu, one of them at AD Road in Yangon. These include:
1. paṃsukūla : using only abandoned robes
2. tecīvarika : using only three robes
3. piṇḍapāta : collecting food by means of one’s bowl
4. sapadānacārika : food collection without skipping houses
5. ekāsanika : a single meal at one sitting
6. pattapiṇḍika : everything within a single bowl (sometimes confused as mixing everything whereas it is more important to restrict to one bowl or plate)
7. khalupacchābhattika : no longer accepting any extra food after having started to take the meal
8. āraññika : to reside in the forest or a kyaung in the forest
9. rukkhamūla : to remain beneath a tree
10. abbhokāsika : to remain on the bare earth without shelter
11. susānika : to remain in a cemetery overnight
12. yathāsantatika : to sleep or stay at the spot allotted to you
13. nesajjika : to renounce supine posture (i.e., maintain sitting or standing posture without lying down to sleep; can sleep in chair)